1 | =head1 NAME
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2 |
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3 | perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
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4 |
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5 | =head1 DESCRIPTION
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6 |
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7 | This document describes differences between the 5.7.0 release and the
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8 | 5.7.1 release.
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9 |
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10 | (To view the differences between the 5.6.0 release and the 5.7.0
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11 | release, see L<perl570delta>.)
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12 |
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13 | =head1 Security Vulnerability Closed
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14 |
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15 | (This change was already made in 5.7.0 but bears repeating here.)
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16 |
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17 | A potential security vulnerability in the optional suidperl component
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18 | of Perl was identified in August 2000. suidperl is neither built nor
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19 | installed by default. As of April 2001 the only known vulnerable
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20 | platform is Linux, most likely all Linux distributions. CERT and
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21 | various vendors and distributors have been alerted about the vulnerability.
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22 | See http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/sperl-2000-08-05/sperl-2000-08-05.txt
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23 | for more information.
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24 |
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25 | The problem was caused by Perl trying to report a suspected security
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26 | exploit attempt using an external program, /bin/mail. On Linux
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27 | platforms the /bin/mail program had an undocumented feature which
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28 | when combined with suidperl gave access to a root shell, resulting in
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29 | a serious compromise instead of reporting the exploit attempt. If you
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30 | don't have /bin/mail, or if you have 'safe setuid scripts', or if
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31 | suidperl is not installed, you are safe.
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32 |
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33 | The exploit attempt reporting feature has been completely removed from
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34 | all the Perl 5.7 releases (and will be gone also from the maintenance
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35 | release 5.6.1), so that particular vulnerability isn't there anymore.
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36 | However, further security vulnerabilities are, unfortunately, always
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37 | possible. The suidperl code is being reviewed and if deemed too risky
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38 | to continue to be supported, it may be completely removed from future
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39 | releases. In any case, suidperl should only be used by security
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40 | experts who know exactly what they are doing and why they are using
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41 | suidperl instead of some other solution such as sudo
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42 | ( see http://www.courtesan.com/sudo/ ).
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43 |
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44 | =head1 Incompatible Changes
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45 |
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46 | =over 4
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47 |
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48 | =item *
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49 |
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50 | Although "you shouldn't do that", it was possible to write code that
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51 | depends on Perl's hashed key order (Data::Dumper does this). The new
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52 | algorithm "One-at-a-Time" produces a different hashed key order.
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53 | More details are in L</"Performance Enhancements">.
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54 |
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55 | =item *
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56 |
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57 | The list of filenames from glob() (or <...>) is now by default sorted
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58 | alphabetically to be csh-compliant. (bsd_glob() does still sort platform
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59 | natively, ASCII or EBCDIC, unless GLOB_ALPHASORT is specified.)
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60 |
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61 | =back
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62 |
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63 | =head1 Core Enhancements
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64 |
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65 | =head2 AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
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66 |
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67 | AUTOLOAD is now lvaluable, meaning that you can add the :lvalue attribute
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68 | to AUTOLOAD subroutines and you can assign to the AUTOLOAD return value.
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69 |
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70 | =head2 PerlIO is Now The Default
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71 |
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72 | =over 4
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73 |
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74 | =item *
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75 |
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76 | IO is now by default done via PerlIO rather than system's "stdio".
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77 | PerlIO allows "layers" to be "pushed" onto a file handle to alter the
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78 | handle's behaviour. Layers can be specified at open time via 3-arg
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79 | form of open:
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80 |
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81 | open($fh,'>:crlf :utf8', $path) || ...
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82 |
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83 | or on already opened handles via extended C<binmode>:
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84 |
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85 | binmode($fh,':encoding(iso-8859-7)');
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86 |
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87 | The built-in layers are: unix (low level read/write), stdio (as in
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88 | previous Perls), perlio (re-implementation of stdio buffering in a
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89 | portable manner), crlf (does CRLF <=> "\n" translation as on Win32,
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90 | but available on any platform). A mmap layer may be available if
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91 | platform supports it (mostly UNIXes).
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92 |
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93 | Layers to be applied by default may be specified via the 'open' pragma.
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94 |
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95 | See L</"Installation and Configuration Improvements"> for the effects
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96 | of PerlIO on your architecture name.
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97 |
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98 | =item *
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99 |
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100 | File handles can be marked as accepting Perl's internal encoding of Unicode
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101 | (UTF-8 or UTF-EBCDIC depending on platform) by a pseudo layer ":utf8" :
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102 |
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103 | open($fh,">:utf8","Uni.txt");
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104 |
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105 | Note for EBCDIC users: the pseudo layer ":utf8" is erroneously named
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106 | for you since it's not UTF-8 what you will be getting but instead
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107 | UTF-EBCDIC. See L<perlunicode>, L<utf8>, and
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108 | http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr16/ for more information.
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109 | In future releases this naming may change.
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110 |
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111 | =item *
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112 |
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113 | File handles can translate character encodings from/to Perl's internal
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114 | Unicode form on read/write via the ":encoding()" layer.
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115 |
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116 | =item *
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117 |
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118 | File handles can be opened to "in memory" files held in Perl scalars via:
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119 |
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120 | open($fh,'>', \$variable) || ...
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121 |
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122 | =item *
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123 |
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124 | Anonymous temporary files are available without need to
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125 | 'use FileHandle' or other module via
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126 |
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127 | open($fh,"+>", undef) || ...
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128 |
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129 | That is a literal undef, not an undefined value.
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130 |
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131 | =item *
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132 |
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133 | The list form of C<open> is now implemented for pipes (at least on UNIX):
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134 |
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135 | open($fh,"-|", 'cat', '/etc/motd')
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136 |
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137 | creates a pipe, and runs the equivalent of exec('cat', '/etc/motd') in
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138 | the child process.
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139 |
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140 | =item *
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141 |
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142 | The following builtin functions are now overridable: chop(), chomp(),
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143 | each(), keys(), pop(), push(), shift(), splice(), unshift().
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144 |
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145 | =item *
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146 |
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147 | Formats now support zero-padded decimal fields.
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148 |
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149 | =item *
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150 |
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151 | Perl now tries internally to use integer values in numeric conversions
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152 | and basic arithmetics (+ - * /) if the arguments are integers, and
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153 | tries also to keep the results stored internally as integers.
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154 | This change leads into often slightly faster and always less lossy
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155 | arithmetics. (Previously Perl always preferred floating point numbers
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156 | in its math.)
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157 |
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158 | =item *
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159 |
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160 | The printf() and sprintf() now support parameter reordering using the
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161 | C<%\d+\$> and C<*\d+\$> syntaxes. For example
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162 |
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163 | print "%2\$s %1\$s\n", "foo", "bar";
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164 |
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165 | will print "bar foo\n"; This feature helps in writing
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166 | internationalised software.
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167 |
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168 | =item *
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169 |
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170 | Unicode in general should be now much more usable. Unicode can be
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171 | used in hash keys, Unicode in regular expressions should work now,
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172 | Unicode in tr/// should work now (though tr/// seems to be a
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173 | particularly tricky to get right, so you have been warned)
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174 |
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175 | =item *
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176 |
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177 | The Unicode Character Database coming with Perl has been upgraded
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178 | to Unicode 3.1. For more information, see http://www.unicode.org/ ,
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179 | and http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr27/
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180 |
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181 | For developers interested in enhancing Perl's Unicode capabilities:
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182 | almost all the UCD files are included with the Perl distribution in
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183 | the lib/unicode subdirectory. The most notable omission, for space
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184 | considerations, is the Unihan database.
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185 |
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186 | =item *
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187 |
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188 | The Unicode character classes \p{Blank} and \p{SpacePerl} have been
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189 | added. "Blank" is like C isblank(), that is, it contains only
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190 | "horizontal whitespace" (the space character is, the newline isn't),
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191 | and the "SpacePerl" is the Unicode equivalent of C<\s> (\p{Space}
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192 | isn't, since that includes the vertical tabulator character, whereas
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193 | C<\s> doesn't.)
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194 |
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195 | =back
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196 |
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197 | =head2 Signals Are Now Safe
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198 |
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199 | Perl used to be fragile in that signals arriving at inopportune moments
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200 | could corrupt Perl's internal state.
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201 |
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202 | =head1 Modules and Pragmata
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203 |
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204 | =head2 New Modules
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205 |
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206 | =over 4
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207 |
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208 | =item *
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209 |
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210 | B::Concise, by Stephen McCamant, is a new compiler backend for
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211 | walking the Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops.
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212 | The output is highly customisable.
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213 |
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214 | See L<B::Concise> for more information.
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215 |
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216 | =item *
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217 |
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218 | Class::ISA, by Sean Burke, for reporting the search path for a
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219 | class's ISA tree, has been added.
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220 |
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221 | See L<Class::ISA> for more information.
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222 |
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223 | =item *
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224 |
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225 | Cwd has now a split personality: if possible, an extension is used,
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226 | (this will hopefully be both faster and more secure and robust) but
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227 | if not possible, the familiar Perl library implementation is used.
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228 |
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229 | =item *
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230 |
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231 | Digest, a frontend module for calculating digests (checksums),
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232 | from Gisle Aas, has been added.
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233 |
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234 | See L<Digest> for more information.
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235 |
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236 | =item *
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237 |
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238 | Digest::MD5 for calculating MD5 digests (checksums), by Gisle Aas,
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239 | has been added.
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240 |
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241 | use Digest::MD5 'md5_hex';
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242 |
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243 | $digest = md5_hex("Thirsty Camel");
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244 |
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245 | print $digest, "\n"; # 01d19d9d2045e005c3f1b80e8b164de1
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246 |
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247 | NOTE: the MD5 backward compatibility module is deliberately not
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248 | included since its use is discouraged.
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249 |
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250 | See L<Digest::MD5> for more information.
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251 |
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252 | =item *
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253 |
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254 | Encode, by Nick Ing-Simmons, provides a mechanism to translate
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255 | between different character encodings. Support for Unicode,
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256 | ISO-8859-*, ASCII, CP*, KOI8-R, and three variants of EBCDIC are
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257 | compiled in to the module. Several other encodings (like Japanese,
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258 | Chinese, and MacIntosh encodings) are included and will be loaded at
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259 | runtime.
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260 |
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261 | Any encoding supported by Encode module is also available to the
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262 | ":encoding()" layer if PerlIO is used.
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263 |
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264 | See L<Encode> for more information.
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265 |
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266 | =item *
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267 |
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268 | Filter::Simple is an easy-to-use frontend to Filter::Util::Call,
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269 | from Damian Conway.
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270 |
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271 | # in MyFilter.pm:
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272 |
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273 | package MyFilter;
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274 |
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275 | use Filter::Simple sub {
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276 | while (my ($from, $to) = splice @_, 0, 2) {
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277 | s/$from/$to/g;
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278 | }
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279 | };
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280 |
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281 | 1;
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282 |
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283 | # in user's code:
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284 |
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285 | use MyFilter qr/red/ => 'green';
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286 |
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287 | print "red\n"; # this code is filtered, will print "green\n"
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288 | print "bored\n"; # this code is filtered, will print "bogreen\n"
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289 |
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290 | no MyFilter;
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291 |
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292 | print "red\n"; # this code is not filtered, will print "red\n"
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293 |
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294 | See L<Filter::Simple> for more information.
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295 |
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296 | =item *
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297 |
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298 | Filter::Util::Call, by Paul Marquess, provides you with the
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299 | framework to write I<Source Filters> in Perl. For most uses
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300 | the frontend Filter::Simple is to be preferred.
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301 | See L<Filter::Util::Call> for more information.
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302 |
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303 | =item *
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304 |
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305 | Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, and Locale::Language,
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306 | from Neil Bowers, have been added. They provide the codes for various
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307 | locale standards, such as "fr" for France, "usd" for US Dollar, and
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308 | "jp" for Japanese.
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309 |
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310 | use Locale::Country;
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311 |
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312 | $country = code2country('jp'); # $country gets 'Japan'
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313 | $code = country2code('Norway'); # $code gets 'no'
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314 |
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315 | See L<Locale::Constants>, L<Locale::Country>, L<Locale::Currency>,
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316 | and L<Locale::Language> for more information.
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317 |
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318 | =item *
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319 |
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320 | MIME::Base64, by Gisle Aas, allows you to encode data in base64.
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321 |
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322 | use MIME::Base64;
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323 |
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324 | $encoded = encode_base64('Aladdin:open sesame');
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325 | $decoded = decode_base64($encoded);
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326 |
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327 | print $encoded, "\n"; # "QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ=="
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328 |
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329 | See L<MIME::Base64> for more information.
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330 |
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331 | =item *
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332 |
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333 | MIME::QuotedPrint, by Gisle Aas, allows you to encode data in
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334 | quoted-printable encoding.
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335 |
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336 | use MIME::QuotedPrint;
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337 |
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338 | $encoded = encode_qp("Smiley in Unicode: \x{263a}");
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339 | $decoded = decode_qp($encoded);
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340 |
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341 | print $encoded, "\n"; # "Smiley in Unicode: =263A"
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342 |
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343 | MIME::QuotedPrint has been enhanced to provide the basic methods
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344 | necessary to use it with PerlIO::Via as in :
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345 |
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346 | use MIME::QuotedPrint;
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347 | open($fh,">Via(MIME::QuotedPrint)",$path)
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348 |
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349 | See L<MIME::QuotedPrint> for more information.
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350 |
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351 | =item *
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352 |
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353 | PerlIO::Scalar, by Nick Ing-Simmons, provides the implementation of
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354 | IO to "in memory" Perl scalars as discussed above. It also serves as
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355 | an example of a loadable layer. Other future possibilities include
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356 | PerlIO::Array and PerlIO::Code. See L<PerlIO::Scalar> for more
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357 | information.
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358 |
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359 | =item *
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360 |
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361 | PerlIO::Via, by Nick Ing-Simmons, acts as a PerlIO layer and wraps
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362 | PerlIO layer functionality provided by a class (typically implemented
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363 | in perl code).
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364 |
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365 | use MIME::QuotedPrint;
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366 | open($fh,">Via(MIME::QuotedPrint)",$path)
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367 |
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368 | This will automatically convert everything output to C<$fh>
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369 | to Quoted-Printable. See L<PerlIO::Via> for more information.
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370 |
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371 | =item *
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372 |
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373 | Pod::Text::Overstrike, by Joe Smith, has been added.
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374 | It converts POD data to formatted overstrike text.
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375 | See L<Pod::Text::Overstrike> for more information.
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376 |
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377 | =item *
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378 |
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379 | Switch from Damian Conway has been added. Just by saying
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380 |
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381 | use Switch;
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382 |
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383 | you have C<switch> and C<case> available in Perl.
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384 |
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385 | use Switch;
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386 |
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387 | switch ($val) {
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388 |
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389 | case 1 { print "number 1" }
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390 | case "a" { print "string a" }
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391 | case [1..10,42] { print "number in list" }
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392 | case (@array) { print "number in list" }
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393 | case /\w+/ { print "pattern" }
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394 | case qr/\w+/ { print "pattern" }
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395 | case (%hash) { print "entry in hash" }
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396 | case (\%hash) { print "entry in hash" }
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397 | case (\&sub) { print "arg to subroutine" }
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398 | else { print "previous case not true" }
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399 | }
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400 |
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401 | See L<Switch> for more information.
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402 |
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403 | =item *
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404 |
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405 | Text::Balanced from Damian Conway has been added, for
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406 | extracting delimited text sequences from strings.
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407 |
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408 | use Text::Balanced 'extract_delimited';
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409 |
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410 | ($a, $b) = extract_delimited("'never say never', he never said", "'", '');
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411 |
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412 | $a will be "'never say never'", $b will be ', he never said'.
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413 |
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414 | In addition to extract_delimited() there are also extract_bracketed(),
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415 | extract_quotelike(), extract_codeblock(), extract_variable(),
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416 | extract_tagged(), extract_multiple(), gen_delimited_pat(), and
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417 | gen_extract_tagged(). With these you can implement rather advanced
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418 | parsing algorithms. See L<Text::Balanced> for more information.
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419 |
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420 | =item *
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421 |
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422 | Tie::RefHash::Nestable, by Edward Avis, allows storing hash references
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423 | (unlike the standard Tie::RefHash) The module is contained within
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424 | Tie::RefHash.
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425 |
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426 | =item *
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427 |
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428 | XS::Typemap, by Tim Jenness, is a test extension that exercises XS
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429 | typemaps. Nothing gets installed but for extension writers the code
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430 | is worth studying.
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431 |
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432 | =back
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433 |
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434 | =head2 Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
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435 |
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436 | =over 4
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437 |
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438 | =item *
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439 |
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440 | B::Deparse should be now more robust. It still far from providing a full
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441 | round trip for any random piece of Perl code, though, and is under active
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442 | development: expect more robustness in 5.7.2.
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443 |
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444 | =item *
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445 |
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446 | Class::Struct can now define the classes in compile time.
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447 |
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448 | =item *
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449 |
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450 | Math::BigFloat has undergone much fixing, and in addition the fmod()
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451 | function now supports modulus operations.
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452 |
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453 | ( The fixed Math::BigFloat module is also available in CPAN for those
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454 | who can't upgrade their Perl: http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/J/JP/JPEACOCK/ )
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455 |
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456 | =item *
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457 |
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458 | Devel::Peek now has an interface for the Perl memory statistics
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459 | (this works only if you are using perl's malloc, and if you have
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460 | compiled with debugging).
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461 |
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462 | =item *
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463 |
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464 | IO::Socket has now atmark() method, which returns true if the socket
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465 | is positioned at the out-of-band mark. The method is also exportable
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466 | as a sockatmark() function.
|
---|
467 |
|
---|
468 | =item *
|
---|
469 |
|
---|
470 | IO::Socket::INET has support for ReusePort option (if your platform
|
---|
471 | supports it). The Reuse option now has an alias, ReuseAddr. For clarity
|
---|
472 | you may want to prefer ReuseAddr.
|
---|
473 |
|
---|
474 | =item *
|
---|
475 |
|
---|
476 | Net::Ping has been enhanced. There is now "external" protocol which
|
---|
477 | uses Net::Ping::External module which runs external ping(1) and parses
|
---|
478 | the output. An alpha version of Net::Ping::External is available in
|
---|
479 | CPAN and in 5.7.2 the Net::Ping::External may be integrated to Perl.
|
---|
480 |
|
---|
481 | =item *
|
---|
482 |
|
---|
483 | The C<open> pragma allows layers other than ":raw" and ":crlf" when
|
---|
484 | using PerlIO.
|
---|
485 |
|
---|
486 | =item *
|
---|
487 |
|
---|
488 | POSIX::sigaction() is now much more flexible and robust.
|
---|
489 | You can now install coderef handlers, 'DEFAULT', and 'IGNORE'
|
---|
490 | handlers, installing new handlers was not atomic.
|
---|
491 |
|
---|
492 | =item *
|
---|
493 |
|
---|
494 | The Test module has been significantly enhanced. Its use is
|
---|
495 | greatly recommended for module writers.
|
---|
496 |
|
---|
497 | =item *
|
---|
498 |
|
---|
499 | The utf8:: name space (as in the pragma) provides various
|
---|
500 | Perl-callable functions to provide low level access to Perl's
|
---|
501 | internal Unicode representation. At the moment only length()
|
---|
502 | has been implemented.
|
---|
503 |
|
---|
504 | =back
|
---|
505 |
|
---|
506 | The following modules have been upgraded from the versions at CPAN:
|
---|
507 | CPAN, CGI, DB_File, File::Temp, Getopt::Long, Pod::Man, Pod::Text,
|
---|
508 | Storable, Text-Tabs+Wrap.
|
---|
509 |
|
---|
510 | =head1 Performance Enhancements
|
---|
511 |
|
---|
512 | =over 4
|
---|
513 |
|
---|
514 | =item *
|
---|
515 |
|
---|
516 | Hashes now use Bob Jenkins "One-at-a-Time" hashing key algorithm
|
---|
517 | ( http://burtleburtle.net/bob/hash/doobs.html ). This algorithm is
|
---|
518 | reasonably fast while producing a much better spread of values than
|
---|
519 | the old hashing algorithm (originally by Chris Torek, later tweaked by
|
---|
520 | Ilya Zakharevich). Hash values output from the algorithm on a hash of
|
---|
521 | all 3-char printable ASCII keys comes much closer to passing the
|
---|
522 | DIEHARD random number generation tests. According to perlbench, this
|
---|
523 | change has not affected the overall speed of Perl.
|
---|
524 |
|
---|
525 | =item *
|
---|
526 |
|
---|
527 | unshift() should now be noticeably faster.
|
---|
528 |
|
---|
529 | =back
|
---|
530 |
|
---|
531 | =head1 Utility Changes
|
---|
532 |
|
---|
533 | =over 4
|
---|
534 |
|
---|
535 | =item *
|
---|
536 |
|
---|
537 | h2xs now produces template README.
|
---|
538 |
|
---|
539 | =item *
|
---|
540 |
|
---|
541 | s2p has been completely rewritten in Perl. (It is in fact a full
|
---|
542 | implementation of sed in Perl.)
|
---|
543 |
|
---|
544 | =item *
|
---|
545 |
|
---|
546 | xsubpp now supports OUT keyword.
|
---|
547 |
|
---|
548 | =back
|
---|
549 |
|
---|
550 | =head1 New Documentation
|
---|
551 |
|
---|
552 | =head2 perlclib
|
---|
553 |
|
---|
554 | Internal replacements for standard C library functions.
|
---|
555 | (Interesting only for extension writers and Perl core hackers.)
|
---|
556 |
|
---|
557 | =head2 perliol
|
---|
558 |
|
---|
559 | Internals of PerlIO with layers.
|
---|
560 |
|
---|
561 | =head2 README.aix
|
---|
562 |
|
---|
563 | Documentation on compiling Perl on AIX has been added. AIX has
|
---|
564 | several different C compilers and getting the right patch level
|
---|
565 | is essential. On install README.aix will be installed as L<perlaix>.
|
---|
566 |
|
---|
567 | =head2 README.bs2000
|
---|
568 |
|
---|
569 | Documentation on compiling Perl on the POSIX-BC platform (an EBCDIC
|
---|
570 | mainframe environment) has been added.
|
---|
571 |
|
---|
572 | This was formerly known as README.posix-bc but the name was considered
|
---|
573 | to be too confusing (it has nothing to do with the POSIX module or the
|
---|
574 | POSIX standard). On install README.bs2000 will be installed as L<perlbs2000>.
|
---|
575 |
|
---|
576 | =head2 README.macos
|
---|
577 |
|
---|
578 | In perl 5.7.1 (and in the 5.6.1) the MacPerl sources have been
|
---|
579 | synchronised with the standard Perl sources. To compile MacPerl
|
---|
580 | some additional steps are required, and this file documents those
|
---|
581 | steps. On install README.macos will be installed as L<perlmacos>.
|
---|
582 |
|
---|
583 | =head2 README.mpeix
|
---|
584 |
|
---|
585 | The README.mpeix has been podified, which means that this information
|
---|
586 | about compiling and using Perl on the MPE/iX miniframe platform will
|
---|
587 | be installed as L<perlmpeix>.
|
---|
588 |
|
---|
589 | =head2 README.solaris
|
---|
590 |
|
---|
591 | README.solaris has been created and Solaris wisdom from elsewhere
|
---|
592 | in the Perl documentation has been collected there. On install
|
---|
593 | README.solaris will be installed as L<perlsolaris>.
|
---|
594 |
|
---|
595 | =head2 README.vos
|
---|
596 |
|
---|
597 | The README.vos has been podified, which means that this information
|
---|
598 | about compiling and using Perl on the Stratus VOS miniframe platform
|
---|
599 | will be installed as L<perlvos>.
|
---|
600 |
|
---|
601 | =head2 Porting/repository.pod
|
---|
602 |
|
---|
603 | Documentation on how to use the Perl source repository has been added.
|
---|
604 |
|
---|
605 | =head1 Installation and Configuration Improvements
|
---|
606 |
|
---|
607 | =over 4
|
---|
608 |
|
---|
609 | =item *
|
---|
610 |
|
---|
611 | Because PerlIO is now the default on most platforms, "-perlio" doesn't
|
---|
612 | get appended to the $Config{archname} (also known as $^O) anymore.
|
---|
613 | Instead, if you explicitly choose not to use perlio (Configure command
|
---|
614 | line option -Uuseperlio), you will get "-stdio" appended.
|
---|
615 |
|
---|
616 | =item *
|
---|
617 |
|
---|
618 | Another change related to the architecture name is that "-64all"
|
---|
619 | (-Duse64bitall, or "maximally 64-bit") is appended only if your
|
---|
620 | pointers are 64 bits wide. (To be exact, the use64bitall is ignored.)
|
---|
621 |
|
---|
622 | =item *
|
---|
623 |
|
---|
624 | APPLLIB_EXP, a less-know configuration-time definition, has been
|
---|
625 | documented. It can be used to prepend site-specific directories
|
---|
626 | to Perl's default search path (@INC), see INSTALL for information.
|
---|
627 |
|
---|
628 | =item *
|
---|
629 |
|
---|
630 | Building Berkeley DB3 for compatibility modes for DB, NDBM, and ODBM
|
---|
631 | has been documented in INSTALL.
|
---|
632 |
|
---|
633 | =item *
|
---|
634 |
|
---|
635 | If you are on IRIX or Tru64 platforms, new profiling/debugging options
|
---|
636 | have been added, see L<perlhack> for more information about pixie and
|
---|
637 | Third Degree.
|
---|
638 |
|
---|
639 | =back
|
---|
640 |
|
---|
641 | =head2 New Or Improved Platforms
|
---|
642 |
|
---|
643 | For the list of platforms known to support Perl,
|
---|
644 | see L<perlport/"Supported Platforms">.
|
---|
645 |
|
---|
646 | =over 4
|
---|
647 |
|
---|
648 | =item *
|
---|
649 |
|
---|
650 | AIX dynamic loading should be now better supported.
|
---|
651 |
|
---|
652 | =item *
|
---|
653 |
|
---|
654 | After a long pause, AmigaOS has been verified to be happy with Perl.
|
---|
655 |
|
---|
656 | =item *
|
---|
657 |
|
---|
658 | EBCDIC platforms (z/OS, also known as OS/390, POSIX-BC, and VM/ESA)
|
---|
659 | have been regained. Many test suite tests still fail and the
|
---|
660 | co-existence of Unicode and EBCDIC isn't quite settled, but the
|
---|
661 | situation is much better than with Perl 5.6. See L<perlos390>,
|
---|
662 | L<perlbs2000> (for POSIX-BC), and L<perlvmesa> for more information.
|
---|
663 |
|
---|
664 | =item *
|
---|
665 |
|
---|
666 | Building perl with -Duseithreads or -Duse5005threads now works under
|
---|
667 | HP-UX 10.20 (previously it only worked under 10.30 or later). You will
|
---|
668 | need a thread library package installed. See README.hpux.
|
---|
669 |
|
---|
670 | =item *
|
---|
671 |
|
---|
672 | Mac OS Classic (MacPerl has of course been available since
|
---|
673 | perl 5.004 but now the source code bases of standard Perl
|
---|
674 | and MacPerl have been synchronised)
|
---|
675 |
|
---|
676 | =item *
|
---|
677 |
|
---|
678 | NCR MP-RAS is now supported.
|
---|
679 |
|
---|
680 | =item *
|
---|
681 |
|
---|
682 | NonStop-UX is now supported.
|
---|
683 |
|
---|
684 | =item *
|
---|
685 |
|
---|
686 | Amdahl UTS is now supported.
|
---|
687 |
|
---|
688 | =item *
|
---|
689 |
|
---|
690 | z/OS (formerly known as OS/390, formerly known as MVS OE) has now
|
---|
691 | support for dynamic loading. This is not selected by default,
|
---|
692 | however, you must specify -Dusedl in the arguments of Configure.
|
---|
693 |
|
---|
694 | =back
|
---|
695 |
|
---|
696 | =head2 Generic Improvements
|
---|
697 |
|
---|
698 | =over 4
|
---|
699 |
|
---|
700 | =item *
|
---|
701 |
|
---|
702 | Configure no longer includes the DBM libraries (dbm, gdbm, db, ndbm)
|
---|
703 | when building the Perl binary. The only exception to this is SunOS 4.x,
|
---|
704 | which needs them.
|
---|
705 |
|
---|
706 | =item *
|
---|
707 |
|
---|
708 | Some new Configure symbols, useful for extension writers:
|
---|
709 |
|
---|
710 | =over 8
|
---|
711 |
|
---|
712 | =item d_cmsghdr
|
---|
713 |
|
---|
714 | For struct cmsghdr.
|
---|
715 |
|
---|
716 | =item d_fcntl_can_lock
|
---|
717 |
|
---|
718 | Whether fcntl() can be used for file locking.
|
---|
719 |
|
---|
720 | =item d_fsync
|
---|
721 |
|
---|
722 | =item d_getitimer
|
---|
723 |
|
---|
724 | =item d_getpagsz
|
---|
725 |
|
---|
726 | For getpagesize(), though you should prefer POSIX::sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE))
|
---|
727 |
|
---|
728 | =item d_msghdr_s
|
---|
729 |
|
---|
730 | For struct msghdr.
|
---|
731 |
|
---|
732 | =item need_va_copy
|
---|
733 |
|
---|
734 | Whether one needs to use Perl_va_copy() to copy varargs.
|
---|
735 |
|
---|
736 | =item d_readv
|
---|
737 |
|
---|
738 | =item d_recvmsg
|
---|
739 |
|
---|
740 | =item d_sendmsg
|
---|
741 |
|
---|
742 | =item sig_size
|
---|
743 |
|
---|
744 | The number of elements in an array needed to hold all the available signals.
|
---|
745 |
|
---|
746 | =item d_sockatmark
|
---|
747 |
|
---|
748 | =item d_strtoq
|
---|
749 |
|
---|
750 | =item d_u32align
|
---|
751 |
|
---|
752 | Whether one needs to access character data aligned by U32 sized pointers.
|
---|
753 |
|
---|
754 | =item d_ualarm
|
---|
755 |
|
---|
756 | =item d_usleep
|
---|
757 |
|
---|
758 | =back
|
---|
759 |
|
---|
760 | =item *
|
---|
761 |
|
---|
762 | Removed Configure symbols: the PDP-11 memory model settings: huge,
|
---|
763 | large, medium, models.
|
---|
764 |
|
---|
765 | =item *
|
---|
766 |
|
---|
767 | SOCKS support is now much more robust.
|
---|
768 |
|
---|
769 | =item *
|
---|
770 |
|
---|
771 | If your file system supports symbolic links you can build Perl outside
|
---|
772 | of the source directory by
|
---|
773 |
|
---|
774 | mkdir perl/build/directory
|
---|
775 | cd perl/build/directory
|
---|
776 | sh /path/to/perl/source/Configure -Dmksymlinks ...
|
---|
777 |
|
---|
778 | This will create in perl/build/directory a tree of symbolic links
|
---|
779 | pointing to files in /path/to/perl/source. The original files are left
|
---|
780 | unaffected. After Configure has finished you can just say
|
---|
781 |
|
---|
782 | make all test
|
---|
783 |
|
---|
784 | and Perl will be built and tested, all in perl/build/directory.
|
---|
785 |
|
---|
786 | =back
|
---|
787 |
|
---|
788 | =head1 Selected Bug Fixes
|
---|
789 |
|
---|
790 | Numerous memory leaks and uninitialized memory accesses have been hunted down.
|
---|
791 | Most importantly anonymous subs used to leak quite a bit.
|
---|
792 |
|
---|
793 | =over 4
|
---|
794 |
|
---|
795 | =item *
|
---|
796 |
|
---|
797 | chop(@list) in list context returned the characters chopped in
|
---|
798 | reverse order. This has been reversed to be in the right order.
|
---|
799 |
|
---|
800 | =item *
|
---|
801 |
|
---|
802 | The order of DESTROYs has been made more predictable.
|
---|
803 |
|
---|
804 | =item *
|
---|
805 |
|
---|
806 | mkdir() now ignores trailing slashes in the directory name,
|
---|
807 | as mandated by POSIX.
|
---|
808 |
|
---|
809 | =item *
|
---|
810 |
|
---|
811 | Attributes (like :shared) didn't work with our().
|
---|
812 |
|
---|
813 | =item *
|
---|
814 |
|
---|
815 | The PERL5OPT environment variable (for passing command line arguments
|
---|
816 | to Perl) didn't work for more than a single group of options.
|
---|
817 |
|
---|
818 | =item *
|
---|
819 |
|
---|
820 | The tainting behaviour of sprintf() has been rationalized. It does
|
---|
821 | not taint the result of floating point formats anymore, making the
|
---|
822 | behaviour consistent with that of string interpolation.
|
---|
823 |
|
---|
824 | =item *
|
---|
825 |
|
---|
826 | All but the first argument of the IO syswrite() method are now optional.
|
---|
827 |
|
---|
828 | =item *
|
---|
829 |
|
---|
830 | Tie::ARRAY SPLICE method was broken.
|
---|
831 |
|
---|
832 | =item *
|
---|
833 |
|
---|
834 | vec() now tries to work with characters <= 255 when possible, but it leaves
|
---|
835 | higher character values in place. In that case, if vec() was used to modify
|
---|
836 | the string, it is no longer considered to be utf8-encoded.
|
---|
837 |
|
---|
838 | =back
|
---|
839 |
|
---|
840 | =head2 Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
|
---|
841 |
|
---|
842 | =over 4
|
---|
843 |
|
---|
844 | =item *
|
---|
845 |
|
---|
846 | Linux previously had problems related to sockaddrlen when using
|
---|
847 | accept(), revcfrom() (in Perl: recv()), getpeername(), and getsockname().
|
---|
848 |
|
---|
849 | =item *
|
---|
850 |
|
---|
851 | Previously DYNIX/ptx had problems in its Configure probe for non-blocking I/O.
|
---|
852 |
|
---|
853 | =item *
|
---|
854 |
|
---|
855 | Windows
|
---|
856 |
|
---|
857 | =over 8
|
---|
858 |
|
---|
859 | =item *
|
---|
860 |
|
---|
861 | Borland C++ v5.5 is now a supported compiler that can build Perl.
|
---|
862 | However, the generated binaries continue to be incompatible with those
|
---|
863 | generated by the other supported compilers (GCC and Visual C++).
|
---|
864 |
|
---|
865 | =item *
|
---|
866 |
|
---|
867 | Win32::GetCwd() correctly returns C:\ instead of C: when at the drive root.
|
---|
868 | Other bugs in chdir() and Cwd::cwd() have also been fixed.
|
---|
869 |
|
---|
870 | =item *
|
---|
871 |
|
---|
872 | Duping socket handles with open(F, ">&MYSOCK") now works under Windows 9x.
|
---|
873 |
|
---|
874 | =item *
|
---|
875 |
|
---|
876 | HTML files will be installed in c:\perl\html instead of c:\perl\lib\pod\html
|
---|
877 |
|
---|
878 | =item *
|
---|
879 |
|
---|
880 | The makefiles now provide a single switch to bulk-enable all the features
|
---|
881 | enabled in ActiveState ActivePerl (a popular binary distribution).
|
---|
882 |
|
---|
883 | =back
|
---|
884 |
|
---|
885 | =back
|
---|
886 |
|
---|
887 | =head1 New or Changed Diagnostics
|
---|
888 |
|
---|
889 | Two new debugging options have been added: if you have compiled your
|
---|
890 | Perl with debugging, you can use the -DT and -DR options to trace
|
---|
891 | tokenising and to add reference counts to displaying variables,
|
---|
892 | respectively.
|
---|
893 |
|
---|
894 | =over 4
|
---|
895 |
|
---|
896 | =item *
|
---|
897 |
|
---|
898 | If an attempt to use a (non-blessed) reference as an array index
|
---|
899 | is made, a warning is given.
|
---|
900 |
|
---|
901 | =item *
|
---|
902 |
|
---|
903 | C<push @a;> and C<unshift @a;> (with no values to push or unshift)
|
---|
904 | now give a warning. This may be a problem for generated and evaled
|
---|
905 | code.
|
---|
906 |
|
---|
907 | =back
|
---|
908 |
|
---|
909 | =head1 Changed Internals
|
---|
910 |
|
---|
911 | =over 4
|
---|
912 |
|
---|
913 | =item *
|
---|
914 |
|
---|
915 | Some new APIs: ptr_table_clear(), ptr_table_free(), sv_setref_uv().
|
---|
916 | For the full list of the available APIs see L<perlapi>.
|
---|
917 |
|
---|
918 | =item *
|
---|
919 |
|
---|
920 | dTHR and djSP have been obsoleted; the former removed (because it's
|
---|
921 | a no-op) and the latter replaced with dSP.
|
---|
922 |
|
---|
923 | =item *
|
---|
924 |
|
---|
925 | Perl now uses system malloc instead of Perl malloc on all 64-bit
|
---|
926 | platforms, and even in some not-always-64-bit platforms like AIX,
|
---|
927 | IRIX, and Solaris. This change breaks backward compatibility but
|
---|
928 | Perl's malloc has problems with large address spaces and also the
|
---|
929 | speed of vendors' malloc is generally better in large address space
|
---|
930 | machines (Perl's malloc is mostly tuned for space).
|
---|
931 |
|
---|
932 | =back
|
---|
933 |
|
---|
934 | =head1 New Tests
|
---|
935 |
|
---|
936 | Many new tests have been added. The most notable is probably the
|
---|
937 | lib/1_compile: it is very notable because running it takes quite a
|
---|
938 | long time -- it test compiles all the Perl modules in the distribution.
|
---|
939 | Please be patient.
|
---|
940 |
|
---|
941 | =head1 Known Problems
|
---|
942 |
|
---|
943 | Note that unlike other sections in this document (which describe
|
---|
944 | changes since 5.7.0) this section is cumulative containing known
|
---|
945 | problems for all the 5.7 releases.
|
---|
946 |
|
---|
947 | =head2 AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
|
---|
948 |
|
---|
949 | The AIX C compiler vac version 5.0.0.0 may produce buggy code,
|
---|
950 | resulting in few random tests failing, but when the failing tests
|
---|
951 | are run by hand, they succeed. We suggest upgrading to at least
|
---|
952 | vac version 5.0.1.0, that has been known to compile Perl correctly.
|
---|
953 | "lslpp -L|grep vac.C" will tell you the vac version.
|
---|
954 |
|
---|
955 | =head2 lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
|
---|
956 |
|
---|
957 | Don't panic. Read INSTALL 'make test' section instead.
|
---|
958 |
|
---|
959 | =head2 lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
|
---|
960 |
|
---|
961 | The lib/io_multihomed test may hang in HP-UX if Perl has been
|
---|
962 | configured to be 64-bit. Because other 64-bit platforms do not hang in
|
---|
963 | this test, HP-UX is suspect. All other tests pass in 64-bit HP-UX. The
|
---|
964 | test attempts to create and connect to "multihomed" sockets (sockets
|
---|
965 | which have multiple IP addresses).
|
---|
966 |
|
---|
967 | =head2 Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
|
---|
968 |
|
---|
969 | If perl is configured with -Duse64bitall, the successful result of the
|
---|
970 | subtest 10 of lib/posix may arrive before the successful result of the
|
---|
971 | subtest 9, which confuses the test harness so much that it thinks the
|
---|
972 | subtest 9 failed.
|
---|
973 |
|
---|
974 | =head2 lib/b test 19
|
---|
975 |
|
---|
976 | The test fails on various platforms (PA64 and IA64 are known), but the
|
---|
977 | exact cause is still being investigated.
|
---|
978 |
|
---|
979 | =head2 Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
|
---|
980 |
|
---|
981 | No known fix.
|
---|
982 |
|
---|
983 | =head2 sigaction test 13 in VMS
|
---|
984 |
|
---|
985 | The test is known to fail; whether it's because of VMS of because
|
---|
986 | of faulty test is not known.
|
---|
987 |
|
---|
988 | =head2 sprintf tests 129 and 130
|
---|
989 |
|
---|
990 | The op/sprintf tests 129 and 130 are known to fail on some platforms.
|
---|
991 | Examples include any platform using sfio, and Compaq/Tandem's NonStop-UX.
|
---|
992 | The failing platforms do not comply with the ANSI C Standard, line
|
---|
993 | 19ff on page 134 of ANSI X3.159 1989 to be exact. (They produce
|
---|
994 | something else than "1" and "-1" when formatting 0.6 and -0.6 using
|
---|
995 | the printf format "%.0f", most often they produce "0" and "-0".)
|
---|
996 |
|
---|
997 | =head2 Failure of Thread tests
|
---|
998 |
|
---|
999 | The subtests 19 and 20 of lib/thr5005.t test are known to fail due to
|
---|
1000 | fundamental problems in the 5.005 threading implementation. These are
|
---|
1001 | not new failures--Perl 5.005_0x has the same bugs, but didn't have
|
---|
1002 | these tests. (Note that support for 5.005-style threading remains
|
---|
1003 | experimental.)
|
---|
1004 |
|
---|
1005 | =head2 Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
|
---|
1006 |
|
---|
1007 | use Tie::Hash;
|
---|
1008 | tie my %tie_hash => 'Tie::StdHash';
|
---|
1009 |
|
---|
1010 | ...
|
---|
1011 |
|
---|
1012 | local($tie_hash{Foo}) = 1; # leaks
|
---|
1013 |
|
---|
1014 | Code like the above is known to leak memory every time the local()
|
---|
1015 | is executed.
|
---|
1016 |
|
---|
1017 | =head2 Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
|
---|
1018 |
|
---|
1019 | Self-tying of arrays and hashes is broken in rather deep and
|
---|
1020 | hard-to-fix ways. As a stop-gap measure to avoid people from getting
|
---|
1021 | frustrated at the mysterious results (core dumps, most often) it is
|
---|
1022 | for now forbidden (you will get a fatal error even from an attempt).
|
---|
1023 |
|
---|
1024 | =head2 Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
|
---|
1025 |
|
---|
1026 | Some extensions like mod_perl are known to have issues with
|
---|
1027 | `largefiles', a change brought by Perl 5.6.0 in which file offsets
|
---|
1028 | default to 64 bits wide, where supported. Modules may fail to compile
|
---|
1029 | at all or compile and work incorrectly. Currently there is no good
|
---|
1030 | solution for the problem, but Configure now provides appropriate
|
---|
1031 | non-largefile ccflags, ldflags, libswanted, and libs in the %Config
|
---|
1032 | hash (e.g., $Config{ccflags_nolargefiles}) so the extensions that are
|
---|
1033 | having problems can try configuring themselves without the
|
---|
1034 | largefileness. This is admittedly not a clean solution, and the
|
---|
1035 | solution may not even work at all. One potential failure is whether
|
---|
1036 | one can (or, if one can, whether it's a good idea) link together at
|
---|
1037 | all binaries with different ideas about file offsets, all this is
|
---|
1038 | platform-dependent.
|
---|
1039 |
|
---|
1040 | =head2 The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
|
---|
1041 |
|
---|
1042 | The compiler suite is slowly getting better but is nowhere near
|
---|
1043 | working order yet.
|
---|
1044 |
|
---|
1045 | =head1 Reporting Bugs
|
---|
1046 |
|
---|
1047 | If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles
|
---|
1048 | recently posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl
|
---|
1049 | bug database at http://bugs.perl.org/ There may also be
|
---|
1050 | information at http://www.perl.com/perl/ , the Perl Home Page.
|
---|
1051 |
|
---|
1052 | If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the B<perlbug>
|
---|
1053 | program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down
|
---|
1054 | to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the
|
---|
1055 | output of C<perl -V>, will be sent off to [email protected] to be
|
---|
1056 | analysed by the Perl porting team.
|
---|
1057 |
|
---|
1058 | =head1 SEE ALSO
|
---|
1059 |
|
---|
1060 | The F<Changes> file for exhaustive details on what changed.
|
---|
1061 |
|
---|
1062 | The F<INSTALL> file for how to build Perl.
|
---|
1063 |
|
---|
1064 | The F<README> file for general stuff.
|
---|
1065 |
|
---|
1066 | The F<Artistic> and F<Copying> files for copyright information.
|
---|
1067 |
|
---|
1068 | =head1 HISTORY
|
---|
1069 |
|
---|
1070 | Written by Jarkko Hietaniemi <F<[email protected]>>, with many contributions
|
---|
1071 | from The Perl Porters and Perl Users submitting feedback and patches.
|
---|
1072 |
|
---|
1073 | Send omissions or corrections to <F<[email protected]>>.
|
---|
1074 |
|
---|
1075 | =cut
|
---|