1 |
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2 | =head1 NAME
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3 |
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4 | Image::ExifTool::MIEUnits - MIE units documentation
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5 |
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6 | =head1 DESCRIPTION
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7 |
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8 | The MIE format allows units of measurement to be specified in brackets at
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9 | the end of a MIE tag name (ie. "Volume(m3)"). This document describes the
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10 | standard MIE units abbreviations.
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11 |
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12 | =head1 SYNTAX
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13 |
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14 | The units string may contain any ASCII characters in the range 0x21 ('!') to
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15 | 0x7d ('}'), excepting the bracket characters (0x28 and 0x29). An empty
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16 | string is allowed, and indicates a dimensionless value. L<Standard
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17 | units|/STANDARD UNITS> should be used where possible. In the standard
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18 | units, an underline ('_') is used to indicate a subscript, and multiple
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19 | words may be separated with a hyphen ('-').
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20 |
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21 | Exponents should be positive, and require no separator (ie. "m2" for square
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22 | meters). L<Prefixes|/PREFIXES> may be added to the standard units (ie.
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23 | "cm") except when the resulting name conflicts with another standard unit.
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24 |
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25 | Multiplication is indicated by '.', and division by '/'. Reciprocal units
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26 | (ie. the multiplicative inverse) are obtained through division rather than
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27 | the use of negative exponents (ie. "/in", not "in-1"). In MIE units,
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28 | multiplication has precedence over division, so everything to the right of a
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29 | '/' is in the denominator. (See L</EXAMPLES> for a few examples.)
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30 |
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31 | Below is a table summarizing the special characters used in MIE units
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32 | strings.
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33 |
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34 | . multiplication
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35 | / division (used for negative exponents)
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36 | - word separator
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37 | _ subscript
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38 | {} annotation
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39 | [] used to avoid name conflicts if necessary
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40 | 0-9 exponentiation
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41 |
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42 | =head1 STANDARD UNITS
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43 |
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44 | dimensionless
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45 | [G] Newtonian constant of gravitation (unclassified)
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46 | [g] standard acceleration of free fall (acceleration)
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47 | [h] Planck constant (action)
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48 | [k] Boltzmann constant (unclassified)
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49 | {cfu} colony forming units (number)
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50 | {rbc} red blood cell count (number)
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51 | {tbl} tablets (number)
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52 | {tot} particles total count (number)
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53 | % percent (fraction)
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54 | 10^N the number ten for arbitrary powers (number)
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55 | A Ampere (electric current)
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56 | a year (time)
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57 | a_g mean Gregorian year (time)
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58 | a_j mean Julian year (time)
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59 | a_t tropical year (time)
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60 | acr acre, U.S. (area)
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61 | acr_br acre, British (area)
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62 | Ao Angstrom (length)
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63 | APL-U APL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgA)
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64 | ar are (area)
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65 | arb-U arbitrary unit (arbitrary)
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66 | arcmin minute of arc (plane angle)
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67 | arcsec second of arc (plane angle)
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68 | atm standard atmosphere (pressure)
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69 | att technical atmosphere (pressure)
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70 | AU astronomic unit (length)
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71 | b barn (action area)
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72 | B bel (level)
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73 | B-kW bel kilowatt (power level)
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74 | B-mV bel millivolt (electric potential level)
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75 | B-SPL bel sound pressure (pressure level)
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76 | B-uV bel microvolt (electric potential level)
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77 | B-V bel volt (electric potential level)
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78 | B-W bel watt (power level)
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79 | bar bar (pressure)
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80 | bbl barrel (fluid volume)
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81 | Bd baud (signal transmission rate)
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82 | bdsk-U Bodansky unit (biologic activity of phosphatase)
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83 | beth-U Bethesda unit (biologic activity of factor VIII inhibitor)
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84 | bf board foot (volume)
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85 | Bi Biot (electric current)
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86 | bit bit (amount of information)
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87 | Bq Becquerel (radioactivity)
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88 | Btu British thermal unit (energy)
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89 | Btu_39 British thermal unit at 39 degF (energy)
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90 | Btu_59 British thermal unit at 59 degF (energy)
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91 | Btu_60 British thermal unit at 60 degF (energy)
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92 | Btu_IT international table British thermal unit (energy)
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93 | Btu_m mean British thermal unit (energy)
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94 | Btu_th thermochemical British thermal unit (energy)
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95 | bu bushel, U.S. (dry volume)
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96 | bu_br bushel, British (volume)
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97 | By byte (amount of information)
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98 | C Coulomb (electric charge)
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99 | c velocity of light (velocity)
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100 | cal calorie (energy)
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101 | Cal nutrition label Calories (energy)
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102 | cal_15 calorie at 15 degC (energy)
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103 | cal_20 calorie at 20 degC (energy)
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104 | cal_IT international table calorie (energy)
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105 | cal_m mean calorie (energy)
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106 | cal_th thermochemical calorie (energy)
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107 | car_Au carat of gold alloys (mass fraction)
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108 | car_m metric carat (mass)
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109 | cd candela (luminous intensity)
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110 | Cel degree Celsius (temperature)
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111 | Ch Charriere (gauge of catheters)
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112 | ch Gunter's chain, U.S. (length)
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113 | ch_br Gunter's chain, British (length)
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114 | Ci Curie (radioactivity)
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115 | cicero cicero (length)
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116 | circ circle (plane angle)
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117 | cml circular mil, international (area)
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118 | cr cord, international (volume)
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119 | crd_us cord, U.S. (fluid volume)
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120 | cup_us cup (volume)
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121 | d day (time)
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122 | deg degree (plane angle)
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123 | deg{mag} degree from magnetic north (plane angle)
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124 | degF degree Fahrenheit (temperature)
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125 | didot didot (length)
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126 | diop diopter (refraction of a lens)
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127 | dpt dry pint, U.S. (dry volume)
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128 | dqt dry quart, U.S. (dry volume)
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129 | dr dram (mass)
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130 | dr_ap dram, apothecary (mass)
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131 | drp drop (volume)
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132 | dye-U Dye unit (biologic activity of amylase)
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133 | dyn dyne (force)
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134 | e elementary charge (electric charge)
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135 | eps_0 permittivity of vacuum (electric permittivity)
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136 | eq equivalents (amount of substance)
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137 | erg erg (energy)
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138 | eV electronvolt (energy)
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139 | F Farad (electric capacitance)
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140 | fdr fluid dram, U.S. (fluid volume)
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141 | fdr_br fluid dram, British (volume)
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142 | foz fluid ounce, U.S. (fluid volume)
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143 | foz_br fluid ounce, British (volume)
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144 | ft foot, international (length)
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145 | ft_br foot, British (length)
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146 | ft_us foot, U.S. (length)
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147 | fth fathom, international (length)
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148 | fth_br fathom, British (length)
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149 | fth_us fathom, U.S. (length)
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150 | fur furlong, U.S. (length)
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151 | G Gauss (magnetic flux density)
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152 | g gram (mass)
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153 | g.m/{H-B} gram meter per heartbeat (prop. to ventricular stroke work)
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154 | g% gram percent (mass fraction)
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155 | Gal Gal (acceleration)
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156 | gal gallon, U.S. (fluid volume)
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157 | gal_br gallon, British (volume)
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158 | gal_wi historical winchester gallon (dry volume)
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159 | Gb Gilbert (magnetic tension)
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160 | gf gram-force (force)
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161 | gil gill, U.S. (fluid volume)
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162 | gil_br gill, British (volume)
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163 | gon gon (plane angle)
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164 | GPL-U GPL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgG)
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165 | gr grain (mass)
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166 | Gy Gray (energy dose)
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167 | H Henry (inductance)
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168 | h hour (time)
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169 | hd hand, international (height of horses)
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170 | hnsf-U Hounsfield unit (x-ray attenuation)
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171 | HP horsepower (power)
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172 | hp_C homeopathic potency of centesimal series (homeopathic potency)
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173 | hp_X homeopathic potency of decimal series (homeopathic potency)
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174 | HPF high power field (view area in microscope)
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175 | Hz Herz (frequency)
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176 | in inch, international (length)
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177 | in_br inch, British (length)
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178 | in_us inch, U.S. (length)
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179 | in-H2O inch of water column (pressure)
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180 | in-Hg inch of mercury column (pressure)
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181 | iU international unit (arbitrary)
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182 | J Joule (energy)
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183 | K Kelvin (temperature)
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184 | ka-U King-Armstrong unit (biologic activity of phosphatase)
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185 | kat katal (catalytic activity)
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186 | kg{wet-tis} kilogram of wet tissue (mass)
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187 | kn knot, international (velocity)
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188 | kn_br knot, British (velocity)
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189 | knk-U Kunkel unit (arbitrary biologic activity)
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190 | Ky Kayser (lineic number)
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191 | l liter (volume)
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192 | L liter (volume)
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193 | lb pound (mass)
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194 | lb_ap pound, apothecary (mass)
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195 | lb_tr pound, troy (mass)
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196 | lbf pound force (force)
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197 | lcwt long hunderdweight (mass)
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198 | ligne ligne (length)
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199 | lk link for Gunter's chain, U.S. (length)
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200 | lk_br link for Gunter's chain, British (length)
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201 | lm lumen (luminous flux)
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202 | Lmb Lambert (brightness)
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203 | lne line (length)
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204 | LPF low power field (view area in microscope)
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205 | lton long ton (mass)
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206 | lx lux (illuminance)
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207 | ly light-year (length)
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208 | m meter (length)
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209 | m_e electron mass (mass)
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210 | m_p proton mass (mass)
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211 | m-H2O meter of water column (pressure)
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212 | m-Hg meter of mercury column (pressure)
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213 | mclg-U Mac Lagan unit (arbitrary biologic activity)
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214 | mesh mesh, international (lineic number)
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215 | MET metabolic equivalent (metabolic cost of physical activity)
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216 | mg{creat} milligram of creatinine (mass)
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217 | mho mho (electric conductance)
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218 | mi mile, international (statute mile) (length)
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219 | mi_br mile, British (length)
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220 | mi_us mile, U.S. (length)
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221 | mil mil, international (length)
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222 | mil_us mil, U.S. (length)
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223 | min minute (time)
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224 | min_br minim, British (volume)
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225 | min_us minim, U.S. (fluid volume)
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226 | mo month (time)
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227 | mo_g mean Gregorian month (time)
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228 | mo_j mean Julian month (time)
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229 | mo_s synodal month (time)
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230 | mol mole (amount of substance)
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231 | MPL-U MPL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgM)
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232 | mu_0 permeability of vacuum (magnetic permeability)
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233 | Mx Maxwell (flux of magnetic induction)
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234 | N Newton (force)
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235 | nmi nautical mile, international (length)
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236 | nmi_br nautical mile, British (length)
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237 | Np neper (level)
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238 | Oe Oersted (magnetic field intensity)
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239 | Ohm Ohm (electric resistance)
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240 | osm osmole of dissolved particles (amount of substance)
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241 | oz ounce (mass)
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242 | oz_ap ounce, apothecary (mass)
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243 | oz_tr ounce, troy (mass)
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244 | P Poise (dynamic viscosity)
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245 | Pa Pascal (pressure)
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246 | pc parsec (length)
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247 | pc_br pace (length)
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248 | pca pica (length)
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249 | pca_pr Printer's pica (length)
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250 | pH pH (acidity)
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251 | ph phot (illuminance)
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252 | pi the number pi (number)
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253 | pied pied (length)
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254 | pk peck, U.S. (dry volume)
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255 | pk_br peck, British (volume)
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256 | pnt point (length)
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257 | pnt_pr Printer's point (length)
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258 | pouce pouce (length)
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259 | ppb parts per billion (fraction)
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260 | ppm parts per million (fraction)
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261 | ppth parts per thousand (fraction)
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262 | pptr parts per trillion (fraction)
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263 | PRU peripheral vascular resistance unit (fluid resistance)
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264 | psi pound per square inch (pressure)
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265 | pt pint, U.S. (fluid volume)
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266 | pt_br pint, British (volume)
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267 | pwt_tr pennyweight (mass)
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268 | qt quart, U.S. (fluid volume)
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269 | qt_br quart, British (volume)
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270 | R Roentgen (ion dose)
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271 | rad radian (plane angle)
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272 | RAD radiation absorbed dose (energy dose)
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273 | rch Ramden's chain, U.S. (length)
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274 | rd rod, U.S. (length)
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275 | rd_br rod, British (length)
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276 | REM radiation equivalent man (dose equivalent)
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277 | rlk_us link for Ramden's chain (length)
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278 | s second (time)
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279 | S Siemens (electric conductance)
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280 | sb stilb (lum. intensity density)
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281 | sc_ap scruple, apothecary (mass)
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282 | sct section (area)
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283 | scwt short hundredweight (mass)
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284 | smgy-U Somogyi unit (biologic activity of amylase)
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285 | sph spere (solid angle)
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286 | sr streadian (solid angle)
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287 | st stere (volume)
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288 | St Stokes (kinematic viscosity)
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289 | ston short ton (mass)
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290 | stone stone (mass)
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291 | Sv Sievert (dose equivalent)
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292 | Sv-U Svedberg unit (sedimentation coefficient)
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293 | T Tesla (magnetic flux density)
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294 | t tonne (mass)
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295 | tb-U tuberculin unit (biologic activity of tuberculin)
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296 | tbs tablespoon, U.S. (volume)
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297 | todd-U Todd unit (biologic activity antistreptolysin O)
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298 | tsp teaspoon, U.S. (volume)
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299 | twp township (area)
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300 | u unified atomic mass unit (mass)
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301 | U Unit (catalytic activity)
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302 | USP-U U.S. Pharmacopeia unit (arbitrary)
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303 | V Volt (electric potential)
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304 | W Watt (power)
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305 | Wb Weber (magnetic flux)
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306 | wk week (time)
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307 | yd yard, international (length)
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308 | yd_br yard, British (length)
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309 | yd_us yard, U.S. (length)
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310 |
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311 | =head1 PREFIXES
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312 |
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313 | Standard SI prefixes:
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314 |
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315 | y yocto (10^-24)
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316 | z zepto (10^-21)
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317 | a atto (10^-18)
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318 | f femto (10^-15)
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319 | p pico (10^-12)
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320 | n nano (10^-9)
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321 | u micro (10^-6)
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322 | m milli (10^-3)
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323 | c centi (10^-2)
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324 | d deci (10^-1)
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325 | da deka (10)
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326 | h hecto (10^2)
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327 | k kilo (10^3)
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328 | G giga (10^9)
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329 | M mega (10^6)
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330 | T tera (10^12)
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331 | P peta (10^15)
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332 | E exa (10^18)
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333 | Z zetta (10^21)
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334 | Y yotta (10^24)
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335 |
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336 | Binary power prefixes:
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337 |
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338 | Ki kibi (2^10)
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339 | Mi mebi (2^20)
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340 | Gi gibi (2^30)
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341 | Ti tebi (2^40)
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342 |
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343 | =head1 EXAMPLES
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344 |
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345 | A few examples of combined units strings:
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346 |
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347 | /cm3 per cubic centimeter
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348 | in2 square inches
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349 | kg.m/s2 Newtons (N)
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350 | m3/kg.s2 units of [G]
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351 | 10^100 googols
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352 |
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353 | =head1 HISTORY
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354 |
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355 | 2006-12-14 - PH Created
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356 |
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357 | =head1 AUTHOR
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358 |
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359 | Copyright 2003-2007, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
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360 |
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361 | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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362 | under the same terms as Perl itself.
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363 |
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364 | =head1 REFERENCES
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365 |
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366 | =over 4
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367 |
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368 | =item L<http://aurora.regenstrief.org/UCUM/>
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369 |
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370 | =back
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371 |
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372 | =head1 SEE ALSO
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373 |
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374 | L<Image::ExifTool::MIE(3pm)|Image::ExifTool::MIE>,
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375 | L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
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376 |
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377 | =cut
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