| 1 | package HTTP::Request::Common;
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| 2 |
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| 3 | use strict;
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| 4 | use vars qw(@EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $VERSION $DYNAMIC_FILE_UPLOAD);
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| 5 |
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| 6 | $DYNAMIC_FILE_UPLOAD ||= 0; # make it defined (don't know why)
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| 7 |
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| 8 | require Exporter;
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| 9 | *import = \&Exporter::import;
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| 10 | @EXPORT =qw(GET HEAD PUT POST);
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| 11 | @EXPORT_OK = qw($DYNAMIC_FILE_UPLOAD DELETE);
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| 12 |
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| 13 | require HTTP::Request;
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| 14 | use Carp();
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| 15 |
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| 16 | $VERSION = "6.04";
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| 17 |
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| 18 | my $CRLF = "\015\012"; # "\r\n" is not portable
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| 19 |
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| 20 | sub GET { _simple_req('GET', @_); }
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| 21 | sub HEAD { _simple_req('HEAD', @_); }
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| 22 | sub PUT { _simple_req('PUT' , @_); }
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| 23 | sub DELETE { _simple_req('DELETE', @_); }
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| 24 |
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| 25 | sub POST
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| 26 | {
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| 27 | my $url = shift;
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| 28 | my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => $url);
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| 29 | my $content;
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| 30 | $content = shift if @_ and ref $_[0];
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| 31 | my($k, $v);
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| 32 | while (($k,$v) = splice(@_, 0, 2)) {
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| 33 | if (lc($k) eq 'content') {
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| 34 | $content = $v;
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| 35 | }
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| 36 | else {
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| 37 | $req->push_header($k, $v);
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| 38 | }
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| 39 | }
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| 40 | my $ct = $req->header('Content-Type');
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| 41 | unless ($ct) {
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| 42 | $ct = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
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| 43 | }
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| 44 | elsif ($ct eq 'form-data') {
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| 45 | $ct = 'multipart/form-data';
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| 46 | }
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| 47 |
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| 48 | if (ref $content) {
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| 49 | if ($ct =~ m,^multipart/form-data\s*(;|$),i) {
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| 50 | require HTTP::Headers::Util;
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| 51 | my @v = HTTP::Headers::Util::split_header_words($ct);
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| 52 | Carp::carp("Multiple Content-Type headers") if @v > 1;
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| 53 | @v = @{$v[0]};
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| 54 |
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| 55 | my $boundary;
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| 56 | my $boundary_index;
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| 57 | for (my @tmp = @v; @tmp;) {
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| 58 | my($k, $v) = splice(@tmp, 0, 2);
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| 59 | if ($k eq "boundary") {
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| 60 | $boundary = $v;
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| 61 | $boundary_index = @v - @tmp - 1;
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| 62 | last;
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| 63 | }
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| 64 | }
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| 65 |
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| 66 | ($content, $boundary) = form_data($content, $boundary, $req);
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| 67 |
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| 68 | if ($boundary_index) {
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| 69 | $v[$boundary_index] = $boundary;
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| 70 | }
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| 71 | else {
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| 72 | push(@v, boundary => $boundary);
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| 73 | }
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| 74 |
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| 75 | $ct = HTTP::Headers::Util::join_header_words(@v);
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| 76 | }
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| 77 | else {
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| 78 | # We use a temporary URI object to format
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| 79 | # the application/x-www-form-urlencoded content.
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| 80 | require URI;
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| 81 | my $url = URI->new('http:');
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| 82 | $url->query_form(ref($content) eq "HASH" ? %$content : @$content);
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| 83 | $content = $url->query;
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| 84 |
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| 85 | # HTML/4.01 says that line breaks are represented as "CR LF" pairs (i.e., `%0D%0A')
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| 86 | $content =~ s/(?<!%0D)%0A/%0D%0A/g if defined($content);
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| 87 | }
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| 88 | }
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| 89 |
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| 90 | $req->header('Content-Type' => $ct); # might be redundant
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| 91 | if (defined($content)) {
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| 92 | $req->header('Content-Length' =>
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| 93 | length($content)) unless ref($content);
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| 94 | $req->content($content);
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| 95 | }
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| 96 | else {
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| 97 | $req->header('Content-Length' => 0);
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| 98 | }
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| 99 | $req;
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| 100 | }
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| 101 |
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| 102 |
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| 103 | sub _simple_req
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| 104 | {
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| 105 | my($method, $url) = splice(@_, 0, 2);
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| 106 | my $req = HTTP::Request->new($method => $url);
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| 107 | my($k, $v);
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| 108 | my $content;
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| 109 | while (($k,$v) = splice(@_, 0, 2)) {
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| 110 | if (lc($k) eq 'content') {
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| 111 | $req->add_content($v);
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| 112 | $content++;
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| 113 | }
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| 114 | else {
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| 115 | $req->push_header($k, $v);
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| 116 | }
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| 117 | }
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| 118 | if ($content && !defined($req->header("Content-Length"))) {
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| 119 | $req->header("Content-Length", length(${$req->content_ref}));
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| 120 | }
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| 121 | $req;
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| 122 | }
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| 123 |
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| 124 |
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| 125 | sub form_data # RFC1867
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| 126 | {
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| 127 | my($data, $boundary, $req) = @_;
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| 128 | my @data = ref($data) eq "HASH" ? %$data : @$data; # copy
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| 129 | my $fhparts;
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| 130 | my @parts;
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| 131 | my($k,$v);
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| 132 | while (($k,$v) = splice(@data, 0, 2)) {
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| 133 | if (!ref($v)) {
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| 134 | $k =~ s/([\\\"])/\\$1/g; # escape quotes and backslashes
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| 135 | push(@parts,
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| 136 | qq(Content-Disposition: form-data; name="$k"$CRLF$CRLF$v));
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| 137 | }
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| 138 | else {
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| 139 | my($file, $usename, @headers) = @$v;
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| 140 | unless (defined $usename) {
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| 141 | $usename = $file;
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| 142 | $usename =~ s,.*/,, if defined($usename);
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| 143 | }
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| 144 | $k =~ s/([\\\"])/\\$1/g;
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| 145 | my $disp = qq(form-data; name="$k");
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| 146 | if (defined($usename) and length($usename)) {
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| 147 | $usename =~ s/([\\\"])/\\$1/g;
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| 148 | $disp .= qq(; filename="$usename");
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| 149 | }
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| 150 | my $content = "";
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| 151 | my $h = HTTP::Headers->new(@headers);
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| 152 | if ($file) {
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| 153 | open(my $fh, "<", $file) or Carp::croak("Can't open file $file: $!");
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| 154 | binmode($fh);
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| 155 | if ($DYNAMIC_FILE_UPLOAD) {
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| 156 | # will read file later, close it now in order to
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| 157 | # not accumulate to many open file handles
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| 158 | close($fh);
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| 159 | $content = \$file;
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| 160 | }
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| 161 | else {
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| 162 | local($/) = undef; # slurp files
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| 163 | $content = <$fh>;
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| 164 | close($fh);
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| 165 | }
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| 166 | unless ($h->header("Content-Type")) {
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| 167 | require LWP::MediaTypes;
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| 168 | LWP::MediaTypes::guess_media_type($file, $h);
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| 169 | }
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| 170 | }
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| 171 | if ($h->header("Content-Disposition")) {
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| 172 | # just to get it sorted first
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| 173 | $disp = $h->header("Content-Disposition");
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| 174 | $h->remove_header("Content-Disposition");
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| 175 | }
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| 176 | if ($h->header("Content")) {
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| 177 | $content = $h->header("Content");
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| 178 | $h->remove_header("Content");
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| 179 | }
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| 180 | my $head = join($CRLF, "Content-Disposition: $disp",
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| 181 | $h->as_string($CRLF),
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| 182 | "");
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| 183 | if (ref $content) {
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| 184 | push(@parts, [$head, $$content]);
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| 185 | $fhparts++;
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| 186 | }
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| 187 | else {
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| 188 | push(@parts, $head . $content);
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| 189 | }
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| 190 | }
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| 191 | }
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| 192 | return ("", "none") unless @parts;
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| 193 |
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| 194 | my $content;
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| 195 | if ($fhparts) {
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| 196 | $boundary = boundary(10) # hopefully enough randomness
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| 197 | unless $boundary;
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| 198 |
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| 199 | # add the boundaries to the @parts array
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| 200 | for (1..@parts-1) {
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| 201 | splice(@parts, $_*2-1, 0, "$CRLF--$boundary$CRLF");
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| 202 | }
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| 203 | unshift(@parts, "--$boundary$CRLF");
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| 204 | push(@parts, "$CRLF--$boundary--$CRLF");
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| 205 |
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| 206 | # See if we can generate Content-Length header
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| 207 | my $length = 0;
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| 208 | for (@parts) {
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| 209 | if (ref $_) {
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| 210 | my ($head, $f) = @$_;
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| 211 | my $file_size;
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| 212 | unless ( -f $f && ($file_size = -s _) ) {
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| 213 | # The file is either a dynamic file like /dev/audio
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| 214 | # or perhaps a file in the /proc file system where
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| 215 | # stat may return a 0 size even though reading it
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| 216 | # will produce data. So we cannot make
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| 217 | # a Content-Length header.
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| 218 | undef $length;
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| 219 | last;
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| 220 | }
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| 221 | $length += $file_size + length $head;
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| 222 | }
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| 223 | else {
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| 224 | $length += length;
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| 225 | }
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| 226 | }
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| 227 | $length && $req->header('Content-Length' => $length);
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| 228 |
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| 229 | # set up a closure that will return content piecemeal
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| 230 | $content = sub {
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| 231 | for (;;) {
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| 232 | unless (@parts) {
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| 233 | defined $length && $length != 0 &&
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| 234 | Carp::croak "length of data sent did not match calculated Content-Length header. Probably because uploaded file changed in size during transfer.";
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| 235 | return;
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| 236 | }
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| 237 | my $p = shift @parts;
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| 238 | unless (ref $p) {
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| 239 | $p .= shift @parts while @parts && !ref($parts[0]);
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| 240 | defined $length && ($length -= length $p);
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| 241 | return $p;
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| 242 | }
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| 243 | my($buf, $fh) = @$p;
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| 244 | unless (ref($fh)) {
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| 245 | my $file = $fh;
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| 246 | undef($fh);
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| 247 | open($fh, "<", $file) || Carp::croak("Can't open file $file: $!");
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| 248 | binmode($fh);
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| 249 | }
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| 250 | my $buflength = length $buf;
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| 251 | my $n = read($fh, $buf, 2048, $buflength);
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| 252 | if ($n) {
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| 253 | $buflength += $n;
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| 254 | unshift(@parts, ["", $fh]);
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| 255 | }
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| 256 | else {
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| 257 | close($fh);
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| 258 | }
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| 259 | if ($buflength) {
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| 260 | defined $length && ($length -= $buflength);
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| 261 | return $buf
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| 262 | }
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| 263 | }
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| 264 | };
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| 265 |
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| 266 | }
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| 267 | else {
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| 268 | $boundary = boundary() unless $boundary;
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| 269 |
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| 270 | my $bno = 0;
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| 271 | CHECK_BOUNDARY:
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| 272 | {
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| 273 | for (@parts) {
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| 274 | if (index($_, $boundary) >= 0) {
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| 275 | # must have a better boundary
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| 276 | $boundary = boundary(++$bno);
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| 277 | redo CHECK_BOUNDARY;
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| 278 | }
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| 279 | }
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| 280 | last;
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| 281 | }
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| 282 | $content = "--$boundary$CRLF" .
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| 283 | join("$CRLF--$boundary$CRLF", @parts) .
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| 284 | "$CRLF--$boundary--$CRLF";
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| 285 | }
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| 286 |
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| 287 | wantarray ? ($content, $boundary) : $content;
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| 288 | }
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| 289 |
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| 290 |
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| 291 | sub boundary
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| 292 | {
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| 293 | my $size = shift || return "xYzZY";
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| 294 | require MIME::Base64;
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| 295 | my $b = MIME::Base64::encode(join("", map chr(rand(256)), 1..$size*3), "");
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| 296 | $b =~ s/[\W]/X/g; # ensure alnum only
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| 297 | $b;
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| 298 | }
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| 299 |
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| 300 | 1;
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| 301 |
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| 302 | __END__
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| 303 |
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| 304 | =head1 NAME
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| 305 |
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| 306 | HTTP::Request::Common - Construct common HTTP::Request objects
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| 307 |
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| 308 | =head1 SYNOPSIS
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| 309 |
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| 310 | use HTTP::Request::Common;
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| 311 | $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
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| 312 | $ua->request(GET 'http://www.sn.no/');
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| 313 | $ua->request(POST 'http://somewhere/foo', [foo => bar, bar => foo]);
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| 314 |
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| 315 | =head1 DESCRIPTION
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| 316 |
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| 317 | This module provide functions that return newly created C<HTTP::Request>
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| 318 | objects. These functions are usually more convenient to use than the
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| 319 | standard C<HTTP::Request> constructor for the most common requests. The
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| 320 | following functions are provided:
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| 321 |
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| 322 | =over 4
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| 323 |
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| 324 | =item GET $url
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| 325 |
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| 326 | =item GET $url, Header => Value,...
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| 327 |
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| 328 | The GET() function returns an C<HTTP::Request> object initialized with
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| 329 | the "GET" method and the specified URL. It is roughly equivalent to the
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| 330 | following call
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| 331 |
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| 332 | HTTP::Request->new(
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| 333 | GET => $url,
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| 334 | HTTP::Headers->new(Header => Value,...),
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| 335 | )
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| 336 |
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| 337 | but is less cluttered. What is different is that a header named
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| 338 | C<Content> will initialize the content part of the request instead of
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| 339 | setting a header field. Note that GET requests should normally not
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| 340 | have a content, so this hack makes more sense for the PUT() and POST()
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| 341 | functions described below.
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| 342 |
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| 343 | The get(...) method of C<LWP::UserAgent> exists as a shortcut for
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| 344 | $ua->request(GET ...).
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| 345 |
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| 346 | =item HEAD $url
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| 347 |
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| 348 | =item HEAD $url, Header => Value,...
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| 349 |
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| 350 | Like GET() but the method in the request is "HEAD".
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| 351 |
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| 352 | The head(...) method of "LWP::UserAgent" exists as a shortcut for
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| 353 | $ua->request(HEAD ...).
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| 354 |
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| 355 | =item PUT $url
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| 356 |
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| 357 | =item PUT $url, Header => Value,...
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| 358 |
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| 359 | =item PUT $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $content
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| 360 |
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| 361 | Like GET() but the method in the request is "PUT".
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| 362 |
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| 363 | The content of the request can be specified using the "Content"
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| 364 | pseudo-header. This steals a bit of the header field namespace as
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| 365 | there is no way to directly specify a header that is actually called
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| 366 | "Content". If you really need this you must update the request
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| 367 | returned in a separate statement.
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| 368 |
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| 369 | =item DELETE $url
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| 370 |
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| 371 | =item DELETE $url, Header => Value,...
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| 372 |
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| 373 | Like GET() but the method in the request is "DELETE". This function
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| 374 | is not exported by default.
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| 375 |
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| 376 | =item POST $url
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| 377 |
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| 378 | =item POST $url, Header => Value,...
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| 379 |
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| 380 | =item POST $url, $form_ref, Header => Value,...
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| 381 |
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| 382 | =item POST $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $form_ref
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| 383 |
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| 384 | =item POST $url, Header => Value,..., Content => $content
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| 385 |
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| 386 | This works mostly like PUT() with "POST" as the method, but this
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| 387 | function also takes a second optional array or hash reference
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| 388 | parameter $form_ref. As for PUT() the content can also be specified
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| 389 | directly using the "Content" pseudo-header, and you may also provide
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| 390 | the $form_ref this way.
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| 391 |
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| 392 | The $form_ref argument can be used to pass key/value pairs for the
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| 393 | form content. By default we will initialize a request using the
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| 394 | C<application/x-www-form-urlencoded> content type. This means that
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| 395 | you can emulate an HTML E<lt>form> POSTing like this:
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| 396 |
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| 397 | POST 'http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi',
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| 398 | [ name => 'Gisle Aas',
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| 399 | email => '[email protected]',
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| 400 | gender => 'M',
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| 401 | born => '1964',
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| 402 | perc => '3%',
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| 403 | ];
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| 404 |
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| 405 | This will create an HTTP::Request object that looks like this:
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| 406 |
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| 407 | POST http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi
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| 408 | Content-Length: 66
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| 409 | Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
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| 410 |
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| 411 | name=Gisle%20Aas&email=gisle%40aas.no&gender=M&born=1964&perc=3%25
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| 412 |
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| 413 | Multivalued form fields can be specified by either repeating the field
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| 414 | name or by passing the value as an array reference.
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| 415 |
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| 416 | The POST method also supports the C<multipart/form-data> content used
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| 417 | for I<Form-based File Upload> as specified in RFC 1867. You trigger
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| 418 | this content format by specifying a content type of C<'form-data'> as
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| 419 | one of the request headers. If one of the values in the $form_ref is
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| 420 | an array reference, then it is treated as a file part specification
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| 421 | with the following interpretation:
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| 422 |
|
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| 423 | [ $file, $filename, Header => Value... ]
|
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| 424 | [ undef, $filename, Header => Value,..., Content => $content ]
|
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| 425 |
|
|---|
| 426 | The first value in the array ($file) is the name of a file to open.
|
|---|
| 427 | This file will be read and its content placed in the request. The
|
|---|
| 428 | routine will croak if the file can't be opened. Use an C<undef> as
|
|---|
| 429 | $file value if you want to specify the content directly with a
|
|---|
| 430 | C<Content> header. The $filename is the filename to report in the
|
|---|
| 431 | request. If this value is undefined, then the basename of the $file
|
|---|
| 432 | will be used. You can specify an empty string as $filename if you
|
|---|
| 433 | want to suppress sending the filename when you provide a $file value.
|
|---|
| 434 |
|
|---|
| 435 | If a $file is provided by no C<Content-Type> header, then C<Content-Type>
|
|---|
| 436 | and C<Content-Encoding> will be filled in automatically with the values
|
|---|
| 437 | returned by LWP::MediaTypes::guess_media_type()
|
|---|
| 438 |
|
|---|
| 439 | Sending my F<~/.profile> to the survey used as example above can be
|
|---|
| 440 | achieved by this:
|
|---|
| 441 |
|
|---|
| 442 | POST 'http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi',
|
|---|
| 443 | Content_Type => 'form-data',
|
|---|
| 444 | Content => [ name => 'Gisle Aas',
|
|---|
| 445 | email => '[email protected]',
|
|---|
| 446 | gender => 'M',
|
|---|
| 447 | born => '1964',
|
|---|
| 448 | init => ["$ENV{HOME}/.profile"],
|
|---|
| 449 | ]
|
|---|
| 450 |
|
|---|
| 451 | This will create an HTTP::Request object that almost looks this (the
|
|---|
| 452 | boundary and the content of your F<~/.profile> is likely to be
|
|---|
| 453 | different):
|
|---|
| 454 |
|
|---|
| 455 | POST http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi
|
|---|
| 456 | Content-Length: 388
|
|---|
| 457 | Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary="6G+f"
|
|---|
| 458 |
|
|---|
| 459 | --6G+f
|
|---|
| 460 | Content-Disposition: form-data; name="name"
|
|---|
| 461 |
|
|---|
| 462 | Gisle Aas
|
|---|
| 463 | --6G+f
|
|---|
| 464 | Content-Disposition: form-data; name="email"
|
|---|
| 465 |
|
|---|
| 466 | [email protected]
|
|---|
| 467 | --6G+f
|
|---|
| 468 | Content-Disposition: form-data; name="gender"
|
|---|
| 469 |
|
|---|
| 470 | M
|
|---|
| 471 | --6G+f
|
|---|
| 472 | Content-Disposition: form-data; name="born"
|
|---|
| 473 |
|
|---|
| 474 | 1964
|
|---|
| 475 | --6G+f
|
|---|
| 476 | Content-Disposition: form-data; name="init"; filename=".profile"
|
|---|
| 477 | Content-Type: text/plain
|
|---|
| 478 |
|
|---|
| 479 | PATH=/local/perl/bin:$PATH
|
|---|
| 480 | export PATH
|
|---|
| 481 |
|
|---|
| 482 | --6G+f--
|
|---|
| 483 |
|
|---|
| 484 | If you set the $DYNAMIC_FILE_UPLOAD variable (exportable) to some TRUE
|
|---|
| 485 | value, then you get back a request object with a subroutine closure as
|
|---|
| 486 | the content attribute. This subroutine will read the content of any
|
|---|
| 487 | files on demand and return it in suitable chunks. This allow you to
|
|---|
| 488 | upload arbitrary big files without using lots of memory. You can even
|
|---|
| 489 | upload infinite files like F</dev/audio> if you wish; however, if
|
|---|
| 490 | the file is not a plain file, there will be no Content-Length header
|
|---|
| 491 | defined for the request. Not all servers (or server
|
|---|
| 492 | applications) like this. Also, if the file(s) change in size between
|
|---|
| 493 | the time the Content-Length is calculated and the time that the last
|
|---|
| 494 | chunk is delivered, the subroutine will C<Croak>.
|
|---|
| 495 |
|
|---|
| 496 | The post(...) method of "LWP::UserAgent" exists as a shortcut for
|
|---|
| 497 | $ua->request(POST ...).
|
|---|
| 498 |
|
|---|
| 499 | =back
|
|---|
| 500 |
|
|---|
| 501 | =head1 SEE ALSO
|
|---|
| 502 |
|
|---|
| 503 | L<HTTP::Request>, L<LWP::UserAgent>
|
|---|
| 504 |
|
|---|
| 505 |
|
|---|
| 506 | =head1 COPYRIGHT
|
|---|
| 507 |
|
|---|
| 508 | Copyright 1997-2004, Gisle Aas
|
|---|
| 509 |
|
|---|
| 510 | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
|
|---|
| 511 | modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
|
|---|
| 512 |
|
|---|
| 513 | =cut
|
|---|
| 514 |
|
|---|
