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    <Metadata name="pj.Title">Annotated copy of 'Tainui' by Leslie G. Kelly</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="pj.Year">1949</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="pj.Location">BRUCE BIGGS - Donations</Metadata>
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  <Content>&lt;pre&gt;
CHAPTER XXXIX. THE MURDER OF HUNGA AND ITS CONSEQUENCES. DECEMBER, 1835. THE WAIKATO war-party which attacked Te Ruaki and Orangituapeka saw the last of the large-scale war expeditions on the west coast. Fighting was now on the decline and many of the chiefs who had been most active in former wars were gradually coming under the influence of the missionaries. Of these the most notable was Te Awa-i-taia, the chief of Ngati Tahinga. This man had been one of the first to accept Christianity and his undoubted influence did much to turn the minds of the people to more peaceful pursuits. Several years, however, were yet to pass before warfare finally ceased. Towards the end of 1835 there occurred at Rotorua the murder of the Ngati Haua chief Hunga. The Ngati Whakaue tribe of Ohinemutu had earlier in the year, received from Hans Tapsal, a trader at Maketu, a quantity of trade goods in return for some flax fibre, and during the division of these articles Haere-huka, one of their minor chiefs at that time temporarily absent, was overlooked. Haere-huka, on discovering what had taken place, felt himself injured and insulted, and after a fruitless visit to Tapsal, returned to Rotorua vowing vengeance. At this juncture another source of trouble developed. Nga-tomokanga, the eldest of Haere-huka's three wives, had found herself being neglected in favour of the two younger women. She brooded over this and left her home at Ohinemutu and went to Whakarewarewa, where she had relatives. One day while she was sitting near the great active geyser Wairoa, then surrounded by a large boiling pool, she suddenly rose and threw herself into the boiling cauldron. The people contrived to pull the poor woman out of the boiling geyser mouth, but she was terribly scalded. She was placed on a litter and was carried back to her home at Ohinemutu, where she was placed, as was customary, in a small temporary hut. In two or three days she died, but (407)

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  <Content>&lt;pre&gt;
408 TAINVI while she lay there, unconscious or nearly so, a man and a girl of the village entered the place, regardless of the dying woman. When it became known that they had used the hut for their love-making, this was reported to her husband Haere-huka, who had just returned from Maketu. He was in a furious rage when he was told of the desecration of his wife's &quot; dying-house.&quot; It was a deadly affront to himself and something had to be done about it. He did not, however, seek to avenge himself upon the man, Tamawhakangaro, who had so grossly trespassed in the house of tape. Haere-huka still remembered the slight he had suffered in respect to the division of trade goods, and he determined to avenge himself on the whole tribe. Accordingly, on Christmas day, Haere-huka crossed the lake with a party of his young men, and at a stone tuahu near Te Waerenga village, he performed the rites necessary as a preliminary to a deed of desperation and blood. Again he manned his war canoe and crossed the lake. This time he landed at Awahou, on the west shore by Rotorua, and with his men marched up the track through the manuica and fern to Tarukenga. Near this spot, on the margin of the forest, lived Hunga who, although living among the Arawa people, was actually a Ngati Ilaua and a cousin to the chief Te Waharoa. As the visitors approached, Hunga came forward to welcome them, and as he was in the act of pressing noses, he was struck dead with a blow from a tomahawk. The unfortunate man had done nothing to deserve his death and had in fact, been on good terms with his murderer, but by killing him Haere-huka knew full well that Te Waharoa would not be long in exacting revenge. True to Maori custom, his tribe supported him, and by noon the body of Hunga had been cut up and distributed throughout the Arawa tribes. Mr. Chapman, the Church Missionary at Koutu, was permitted to bury the head of the unfortunate man, for which act he shortly afterwards received warning from Te Waharoa that he intended to come and burn his house. Within ten weeks the Tainui tribes had mustered to the number of 1,000 warriors, consisting of Ngati Haua, Waikato and Ngati Maniapoto, under the chiefs Te Waharoa, Te Kanawa, Muriwhenua, Mokorou and others. About this time it was learned that a small party of Ngati Tapuika,

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  <Content>&lt;pre&gt;
THE MURDER OF HUNGA AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 409 a sub-tribe of Te Arawa, was staying as guests with the Ngai Te Rangi chief Nuka-tai-pari, and Te Waharoa, thinking the opportunity too good to miss, sent word requesting that they should be killed. Nuka-tai-pari replied to the effect that he did not like to murder his visitors, but Te Waharoa could do so by intercepting them on their road home. On the evening of the 24th March, 1836, the advance guard of the Tainui war-party, seventy strong, under the chief Pea, crossed the Tauranga harbour at Te Papa, and marched on, taking up a position across the Maketu road between Maungamana and the coast. The next morning Nuka-tai-pari advised his friends to return home, and the same day all fourteen of them fell into the hands of Pea and his warriors. The missionaries at Te Papa, Messrs. Wilson and Wade, did their best to save the lives of these unfortunate people and were assured that their lives would be spared. The next morning, the 26th, states Wilson's account, Te Waharoa arrived at Maungamana, when the prisoners were quickly slain, and the war-party halted until noon the following day to cook and eat their bodies. That day the missionaries visited their camp and Mr. Wilson, as spokesman, upbraided Te Waharoa for his conduct but all to no purpose. The Maori account states that on arrival at Tauranga, Te Waharoa put himself to a test in order to decide whether he was capable of pursuing his enterprise. This test consisted of digging a trench within a certain time, a task which he successfully performed. On the 29th March, the war-party stormed and captured the Maketu pa, garrisoned by Ngati Pukenga under their chief Nainai. James Cowan describes the incident as follows : &quot; Suddenly the bangs of musketry echoed across the valley and puffs of smoke came from the groves of Wharekahu. The enemy's advance guard came into sight, skirmishing towards the fortress-hill. The Arawa replied to the fire below the hill where Tapsal's house stood. The trader ran out to shout to the advancing Ngati Haua and try to stay hostilities. It was hopeless. They found themselves in a cross-fire from both parties; the bullets whizzed about their heads. Tapsal climbed the hill to his own house. He shouted to the few Arawa

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  <Content>&lt;pre&gt;
:11 410 TAINUI warriors left in Maketu, engaged in a vain effort at defence, to fly to Waihi, in their rear, and make their escape to Rotorua. Some did so; all who remained to defend their homes were shot down. &quot; Tapsal's great friend, the chief Haupapa, refused to go. He stamped his foot, and replied to the trader's entreaty, ' No, I will die beside you.' &quot;Tapsal and Haupapa stood inside the fence surrounding the trade house, and looked down on the hundreds of the invaders as they marched along the foot of the hill. Haupapa's wife stood by his side, with a loaded musket; the chief was armed with a double-barrelled gun. &quot; As the invaders passed below, Haupapa fired and shot one of the leaders. With his second shot he hit another, but a bullet from the enemy tore through the fence and struck him in the breast, and he fell. Tapsal picked up his friend and carried him into the house. There he laid him under his bed, hoping that amidst the confusion he would not be perceived, but there were too many fierce eyes on the watch. &quot; The fight went on along the beach, the Arawa firing as they retired, fighting a desperate rear-guard action. All the men who stayed were killed; the women and children were taken for slaves. The first Arawa warrior shot was the chief Naenae. The savages cut his head off on the gunwale of his own canoe. Pipi, a young warrior chief, fled along the beach, as far as the clumps of angiangi trees, where he was overtaken, decapitated, and cut up for the cannibal oven. His nephew, who could have escaped when he saw his uncle killed, came back to share the same fate. His head too, was cut off, and his body divided like the other. &quot; What scenes of horror followed on that brief and hopeless stand of the outnumbered defenders! The ovens were set going, bodies were cut up, and the exulting warriors were at their meal before the corpses were half cooked. The heads of the slain warriors were hurriedly smoke-cured. The feasting on the dead went on through the night. During that terrible night Tapsal tended the dying chief Haupapa. Early next morning on going outside he was stopped by an armed man, standing sentry at the gate. The warrior said, Tapsal, go back, go to your own place, you are wanted there.'

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THE MURDER OF HUNGA AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 411 &quot; An old woman climbed over the fence and went into the house where Tapsal's wife, Hine-i-turama, sat in fear of death. Over her the old dame threw her cloak, to indicate that she claimed her as a slave. But another chieftainess, the wife of Murupara, coming in at that moment, addressed her angrily, ' What are you doing here? There are plenty of slaves down below. If you want her for a slave, you must kill Tapsal first.' &quot; The trader returned at that moment and the old woman retreated in haste. Tapsal descended to the beach. There the foe were chopping off the heads of the slain. As he passed along, his leg was seized by a woman, the wife of Pipi, the young chief killed at the angiangi bushes. She was crying bitterly. Tapsal, knowing that slavery was the fate of all women taken in battle, asked her who was now her master. She pointed out a Waikato chief. Tapsal asked the man if he would part with her. Give me a cask of powder and you can have her,' he said. The trader ransomed her and also five other women. &quot; Te Waharoa insisted on a ransom of the store and of Tapsal's whaleboat. The conquerors were tolerably quiet so long as any gunpowder remained, but when it was all gone they threw off the mask. They broke into his flax store. &quot; Tapsal was urgently entreated by his friend Tupaea to leave the place, but he refused. He requested, however, that Tupaea save his wife and child and this was done. &quot; Soon hundreds of infuriated savages, reeking of slaughter and feasting, surrounded the house and clamoured for the body of Haupapa. The chief was still alive, and Tapsal refused to give him up. They threatened to take Tapsal's head, whereupon the trader stepped out in front of the door, a sword in one hand, and a loaded musket in the other. &quot; You want my head,' he said. Here I am! Come and take it!' But they all drew back muttering. The chief Murupara, who came up at that moment, sent them away. &quot; When Tapsal returned to the room, he was touched gently on the shoulder. He looked round and saw Haupapa's wife. ' He is dead,' she said. ' I must die with him. Run your sword through my body.' &quot; I cannot do that,' said Tapsal.

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412 TAINUI &quot; ' Then will you cut off his head ?' she asked. &quot; Just as the weeping woman uttered the words, Mornpara entered the room. &quot; I'll do that,' he said. ' Give me a knife.' &quot; Tapsal in silence pointed to a large carving knife lying on the table. Murupara seized it and decapitated Ifaupapa's corpse. Grasping the tattooed head, he hurried from the house. &quot; Now that Haupapa was dead, the trader told the assembled chiefs that they might have the body. &quot; It was dragged out, and there was a horrible scramble by the cannibal crowd, each warrior eager to cut ofr a piece of the flesh and swallow it raw. &quot; All this time the Tauranga chief, Tupaea, who had returned from taking Tapsal's wife and child to Te Turnu, was urging Tapsal to seize the opportunity for escape. At last the trader consented and Tupaea sent his wife with him as a protection. The moment he had gone the savages set fire to his house and trading store.&quot; Tapsal joined his wife and child at Te Tumu and the next day saw the Waikato party pass by on their way to Tauranga, the warriors laden with spoils, much of the loot being Tapsal's property. Greatly distressed over his loss, Tapsal eventually proceeded to Rotorua where he joined some of his wife's relatives. HE TANGI NA HAERE-IiUKA MO TE NGAIIIIRLY RADA Ko TE IIAUPAPA. NGA TOTARA Nuaui o TE AttAWA. Takiri mai ko te ata e, I runga o Whakapou. Ko te hoha i ahau e, Tenei ka era mai. Iloki mai e tai e, Ki te aukaha i a Te Arawa Maunga to noa e kauae i uta ra. Ka rite ra is Nga totara whakahi o te wao e Ahu ki te muri c. Nga rake pingao  Vaho Te Tumu, i rote Te Paroa. Kai tonio korua te whare o Kiharoa, Ka rau taamitia, ka toenga kaitia c. Ahu rawaho c, Te whare o To Whakatiarere, Ko Taharangi, ko Hikareia.

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THE MURDER OF' HUNGA AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 413 Mau ana to pate ko Te Waharoa Ka nui te taonga Ka hoki mai ki te iwi. Na i-i. A LAMENT BY HAERE-IIUKA FOR TE NOAHURU AND TE HAUPAPA. TILE GIANT TOTARA TREES OF TE ARAWA. The dawn is breaking on high Over Whakapou And with it the weariness within me Comes back to life. Return oh sirs, And lash the side boards to Te Arawa, Now as a mountain standing in vain Swimming to shore. Gone forever Are the lofty totara trees of the forest, Moved unto death. The tufts of pingao' Are outside Te Tumu3 and within Paro Enter not the house of Kiharoa3 Lest ye be caught, crushed and enslaved. A seaward wind blows. Against the house of Te Whakatiarere 'Tis Taharangi, 'tie Hikareia., Grasp thy weapon Te Waharoa8 And many shall be the things Return once more to the people. THE ATTACK ON TE TUMU. APRIL 20TH, 1836. After his arrival at Rotorua, Tapsal set to work to prevail upon the people to muster all their forces, and march for the coast against the enemy, some of whom were fortified in the stockade at Te Tumu. At last he succeeded, and an army of Arawa warriors, about 1,000 men, marched off against the foe. Tapsal, armed, went with them, until Nga totara whakahi o te wao.?A common expression used when referring to chiefs, in this case Te Ngahuru and Te Haupapa. 2 Pingao.?A shrub (Scirpus frondosus). 3 Te Tumu.?The famous stronghold near the north end of the Kaituna lagoon, and which commanded the passage of war-parties along the coast. Paroa.?A place a little inland of Te Tumu.  Kiharoa.?A chief of Ngai Te Rangi. 6 &quot; A seaward wind, etc.&quot;?A threat of war. Taharangi and Hikareia.?Chiefs of Ngai Te Rangi. Te Waharoa.?The great chief of Ngati Haua, in this case referred to as the weapon of Ngai Te Rangi.

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414 TAINUI Amohau, uncle of his wife, put difficulties in his way. Finding that the chiefs evidently did not wish him to accompany them, Tapsal consented to go back, after giving strict injunctions to spare the life of Tupaea, as that chief, now in the pa at Te Tumu, had been good to him. The account of this expedition, obtained by Cowan from Patara 'Fe Ngungukai, states that after assembling at Ohinemutu, the Nva r-pa rty crossed the lake in a fleet of canoes, and from Taheke, on Rotoiti, they marched for Te Tumu. There were many chiefs, the most important being Korokai, Kahawai, Pukuatua, Te Amohau, Ilikairo and Tango. The attacking party arrived at the coast early in the morning and at once attacked the fort of Ngai Te Rangi. The first storming party, about thirty warriors of Ngati Tuhourangi from Tarawera, were nearly all shot down while cutting an entrance through the palisading. Women inside dragged the bodies through the gaps in the fence, and cut off the heads, which they held aloft tauntingly. This stung- the Arawa to frenzy, and the attack was continued with great fury. Tareha, a great chief of the pa., was shot, and on one of the women crying out, &quot; Tareha is killed!&quot; the defenders became panic stricken and fled from the pa. They were pursued along the beach by the victorious Arawa and most of them were killed. Tupaea had a narrow escape, a bullet grazing his forehead. He and other refugees fled along the beach to their relatives at Tauranga, but many of their people were killed, among them being the chiefs Tareha, Kiharoa and Ilikareia, the last being Tupaea's uncle. With the pa in their possession, the victorious Arawa in their jubilation, danced a thunderous war-dance. With their weapons held before them in both hands, they shouted their battle chorus. Kola ano! Koia ano! Koia ano te peruperu! Inahoki te taiaroa, Whakatirohia leai na, Ki te whana! A ha! Pare-rewha! Pare-rewha!

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THE MURDER OF HUNGA AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 415 Yes, indeed! Yes, indeed! This is the battle-dance! Behold this victor weapon, And sec this mighty blow! A ha! And the dead that strew our Battlefield! Three weeks later the expedition; returning in triumph from the coast and accompanied by numbers of prisoners, manned their canoes at the Ohau channel, and paddled across the lake to Ohinemutu. HE WAIATA NA HIKAIRO MO NGAI TE RANGI. He aha rawa to hau e pupuhi mai nei? He pa race pea? Ka tokato ana mai ki te kiri. I whea koia koe i to uiratanga o to patu, I to rarapatanga o te waewae, I to tangihanga mai o to whatitiri? Ka maka mai to kupu ki ahau e, Ka pau to hoatu ki rungs Maungatapu e. E ki atu ana kia whakaruku koe Te puna i Rotorua. Ko Uenuku Koia koe ki runga te Pukeroa. Kauaka e whaia mai tena whana atu na, Ka kite koe te riri a te Arawa e. He aha kai a Kapiti e titoa mai nei? Ka rato tahi ano i to pikau muka Ki roto Tauranga. E haere i waho nga one kirikiri I rungs to Pukenui, i roto Wairakei, I waho Te Tumu. Hai a Korokai e, hai a to Teketapu, Hai a Ngakai mo umu Paparoa Ki rungs o Maketu e. Mo Kaitu, hai a Tautari. Mo Kai-haere, hai a Naenae. Ki runga to Papanui e koe Uru rakau i roto to Hiapo. To whare parapara ki koua e. No hea ena nga iwi ware? Kia rare ki rungs to kowharawhara. Mei to tahi atu ki runga ra Ki to kauhau riri, Ki to mau o to pu, o to hamanu, Ka rere koe ki to hiku o to ika g.

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416 TAINUI A SONG RY HIKAIRO FOR NGAI TE RANGI. What is the wind that hither blows? A wind from the north perhaps? Now felt against the skin. Where indeed wert thou At the lightning-like flash of the weapon, At the flashing movement of the tramping feet, At the rumbling of the thunder? When you threw thy word at me It exhausted the assault on Maungatap It is being said that thou shouldst dive Into the spring at Rotorua. Uenuku2 Indeed art thou at Pukero Follow not then, that thrust For you see the anger of Te Arawa. What has Kapiti4 done that lies should be told of him? When all as a whole carried flax fibre Unto Tauranga. Co then beyond the gravel-strewn earth Above Pukenui,3 within Wairakei,3 Beyond Te Tumu.' It shall be for Korokai,s and for Te Teketapu, It shall be for Ngakai, for the oven at Paparoa On the heights of Maketu. For Kaitu, it shall be for Tautari. For Kai-haere, it shall be for Naenae.' Upon the summit of Papanuio art thou The grove of trees within Te Hiap1 Thy house of filth shall be supported. From whence comes these lowly people? To flee to safety in the kowharawhara. If one may judge from the concerted stand above, The warlike speeches, The grasping of the musket, of the cartridge pouch, Then thou shalt flee to the very tail of the fish.'. Maungatapu.?A pa in the upper reaches of Tauranga harbour. 2 Uenuku.?God of war, signifies fighting qualities of Te Arawa. Pukeroa.?The main stronghold of Ngati Whakaue at Ohinemutu. 4 Kapiti.?Said to refer to Ngati Raukawa. 3 J Pukenui, Wairakei, Te Tumu.?Places on the coast on the road from Tauranga to Maketu. Korokai.?A chief of Te Arawa. Naenae.?A chief of Ngati Pukenga. I. Papanui.?The flat inland of Paengaroa, on the road to Rotorua. Te Hiapo.?A place in the hills above Papanui. Iz Kowharawhara (Astelia Banksii).?A plant usually found growing in the forks of large trees. 23&quot; the tail of the fish,&quot; , the end of the island. In the case of the North Island, the North Cape region. A

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THE MURDER OF IIUNGA AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 417 MATAI-PUKU. AUGUST 6TH, 1836. News of the defeat of Ngai Te Rangi at Te Tumu immediately aroused the Tainui tribes to action, and the following two months saw great preparations for an attack on Te Arawa, this time against Rotorua. By the end of July a great war-party had assembled. Ngati Haua were commanded by Te Waharoa, Tarapipipi, Muriwhenua, Pohepohe and Wetini Taiporutu, all of whom were closely connected by blood or marriage ties. Muriwhenua, an aged warrior and son of the Waikato chief Te Aho-o-te-rangi, was only partly Ngati Haua but had become associated with Te Waharoa when his granddaughter Pare-te-kanawa, the daughter of his son Pohepohe, had married Tarapipipi. Waikato, consisting of Ngati Tipa, Ngati Hourua, Ngati Mahanga, Ngati Apakura and other sub-tribes, were commanded by Te Kanawa, Te Au, Kukutai, Nini and others, while Ngati Maniapoto were under Hauauru and Tawhana. With the war-party also, were certain of Ngati Paoa under Puhatu, and some of Ngati Tamatera under Taraia. It is said that Te Au, grandson of the Ngati Apakura chief Hikairo, received instructions from Pohepohe to join the war-party while in a dream, with the result -that he immediately left Kawhia and joined the expedition. Some accounts state that Tiriwa was also present, but this is doubtful for that warrior, if alive at all, would have been very old by this time. Towards the end of July, 1836, the expedition, under the supreme command of Te Waharoa, marched for Rotorua, and by August 1st, had made camp on the Matai-puku plain and not far distant from the Church Mission Station at Koutu. The accounts of the battle known to the Tainui people as Matai-puku are somewhat confusing. In The Story of Te Waharoa, Judge Wilson states that the invaders attacked Pukeroa, the. Ngati Whakaue stronghold at Ohinemutu, but this is denied by Kanapu Haere-huka, grandson of the original Haere-huka, who says that Te Waharoa did not approach Ohinemutu but confined his activities to Koutu. George Graham, in commenting upon the affair, says, &quot; The great battle of Matai-puku, in which Te Waharoa defeated Ngati Whakaue, was definitely fought at Koutu, although it is also true that an attack was made on Pukeroa.&quot; Koutu, 44

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418 TAINIll the scene of the action, is a low ridge a little inland from the lake and lies a little to the north of the present Koutu railway station. The Church Mission station occupied a position on the southern slopes of the ridge. For some days after their arrival, states Wilson, the invaders contented themselves with spying out the land. This consisted, in part at least it would seem, of approaching the enemy palisades and observing the inmates and taking note of the defences. During one of these episodes, states Te Hurinui, the Ngati Apakura, warrior Tiriwa, in reply to a question shouted from the pa asking his identity, called out, &quot;Ko au tenei, ko te tangata i takitakina i te mate o to tupuna Tuparahaki &quot; (This is the man who avenged the death of your ancestor Tuparahaki!) These words reminded Te Arawa of the time when Kaihamu assisted their ancestors by killing the murderer of Maoa, the husband of their chieftainess Tuparahaki. On another occasion shots were exchanged, 're Waharoa being wounded in the thigh by a musket ball. On August 6th, state the missionary records, the attack on the enemy position took place. A section of the war-party, led, states Wilson, by Wetini Taiporutu, but under the command, according to Rore Eruera, of Te Waharoa himself, made a feigned attack on the front of the Pukeroa pa, and having concentrated the enemy along their front palisades, the attacking party withdrew. The whole manoeuvre, states Rore Eruera, had been done purposely in the hope of drawing the inmates into the open, and in this they were successful, for Ngati Whakaue, thinking their foes defeated, rushed out in hot pursuit. Previous to this Te Waharoa, in accordance with his plan, had distributed the greater part of his force in two ambushes, on either side of the road leading to his camp, and as soon as the attacking party rushed up, with Ngati Whakaue close upon them, the two sides of the ambush sprang forth. Only the fact that Pohepohe, who was in charge of the ambush, had misdirected his men, forcing them to temporarily hold their fire for fear of hitting their own men, saved Te Arawa from complete annihilation. As it was, most of their best men fell, and the remainder fled in disorder back to their pa.

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THE MURDER OF HUNGA AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 419 Prior to the action commencing, says Rore Eruera, the Ngati Maniapoto, under Tawhana, had quietly taken post at the rear of the enemy position, and so soon as Ngati Whakaue had rushed out in pursuit of Te Waharoa and his men, they quickly entered the pa and killed all those they came across. Apparently they were later driven out, for according to Wilson, when the remnants of Te Arawa came flying back with Ngati Haua at their heels, complete rout was only prevented by the chief Korokai calling out above the din, &quot; Let me die here, upon my own land &quot; These brave words rallied the remaining Ngati Whakaue and they eventually beat their enemies back. Be that as it may, victory lay with Te Waharoa and his warriors and they returned to their camp, taking with them the bodies of their fallen enemies. The missionaries at Koutu had a trying time while the raiders were in the vicinity. Mr. Knight, one of the mission staff, gives the following account. &quot; The first day was spent by the invading tribes in building their camp. On the 4th August, they showed themselves. Some of the Rotorua natives went out to them, and a few rounds of musketry were fired, but without any effect on either side, both parties keeping without the range of the bullets. On the 5th, Te Waharoa sent a message to the pa stating it to be his intention to remove his camp to the mission station on the morrow. With the earliest dawn of daylight, I left my room, expecting, if Te Waharoa came, that as usual with New Zealand fights, he would come before the sun rose. All was quiet. I walked into the garden to examine the appearance of a place where we had buried several things the night before. I did not remain long at the spot, and had scarcely reached the garden behind the house, when I heard the sound of many voices, apparently proceeding from behind the hill, near the summit of which the station stood. Having acquainted Mr. Pilley with it, we locked every door, not having any domestic at the station, and walked to the top of a hill immediately outside the garden to reconnoitre. We perceived an armed party, consisting of perhaps seventy, running towards the pa. At first we thought they were Rotorua natives, but when they reached a small river they discharged their muskets towards the pa. This immediately informed us who they were. The Rotorua natives accepted

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n, 11 a) 420 TAINUI the challenge immediately, left the pa, and followed the small party who retreated before them. Within half-an-hour of the giving of the challenge, the general engagement began, and had scarcely commenced before the allies of Rotorua were routed, and unfortunately fled through our station, thereby drawing the great body of the enemy upon us. A few of the foremost of the enemy were civil, and behaved respectfully towards us, but we soon saw that we were to share in the calamities of the day. I was standing outside of the pathway gate, leading to the house, when two of the enemy came up and demanded admittance, alleging as their reason a desire to search whether any of their enemies were secreted there. I refused to admit them, assuring them that no native was in the house. They would not believe me, and seeing that they were determined to force an entrance by another way, I offered to walk with them. When I got to the house, the crash of doors, glass, etc., within, convinced me that all was over?that the property of the station was devoted to the enemy. I opened the door and let in the two anxious beings behind me, who from their manner seemed afraid that they should not be in time to obtain a portion of the plunder. . I walked through the house, through such a scene as beggars all description. Every room was filled with naked savages, armed, their countenances lighted up with an infernal expression of rage and exultation, horrifying; and most of them sprinkled with blood, warm from the bodies of their enemies. Mr. Miley joined me, but we were not long permitted to be observers. Five men seized Mr. Pilley and three myself. &quot; The natives, heedless of my remonstrances, took from me my coat, waistcoat, hat, watch, etc., leaving me only my shirt and trousers, and for these I was not indebted to their generosity; for at that moment a man was threatening me with a blow from his battle-axe if I did not give him my remaining garments. But God sent me a deliverer in a young chief of Waikato (Tarapipipi), who, taking my part, rescued me out of the enemy's hand. Having consented to walk with my deliverer, we left the station. We had not proceeded far through the fern when I suddenly stepped by the side of a man just killed ; he lay weltering in his gore. I walked on almost petrified and passed bodies which here

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THE MURDER OF HUNGA AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 421 and there strewed the ground, until I came to a place where a number of bodies were laid out, previously to their being cut up for the oven. I turned away in disgust and sick at heart, but which ever way I looked some sight of horror saluted me. I walked to a short distance, but had not been there long when a body, apparently that moment killed, was dragged into the camp before me; his head was cut off almost before I could look round. This did not satisfy the wretches ; his breast was opened and his heart, etc., steaming with warmth, was pulled out and carried off. I did not see such another scene as this, though during the whole time of my being in the camp I was exposed to the most revolting scenes. Halves of bodies, quarters, legs, heads, etc., were being carried away, some of which were thrust purposely in my face.&quot; That same day Te Waharoa quarrelled violently with Pohepohe. The Ngati Haua leader was angry at the manner in which Pohepohe had misconducted the ambush, and challenged him to single combat. The two commenced sparring with long-handled tomahawks, and it is hard to say just how the affair would have ended, had not the tribe rushed in and separated them. Peace was eventually restored and the war-party contented itself with feasting on the slain. The invaders remained in the vicinity for nearly a week, and then departed for their homes, taking with them numbers of prisoners and the preserved heads of their fallen enemies. The body of Mataiawhea, one of the chiefs of Koutu and who was killed in the battle, was taken by Te Au all the way to Papa o Karewa, at Kawhia, and there cooked and eaten. On the 24th August, Messrs, Wilson and Chapman visited the recent camp. The former says : &quot; Along the road leading to the encampment where the Waikato tribes had been pitched, might be seen various marks erected, which signified where a chief or a chief's son had fallen. After three-quarters of an hour's walk we came to the place itself. I can compare the place to nothing better than a small plot of ground allotted to a menagerie of wild beasts. Bones of men lay promiscuously strewed in every direction ; here a skull, and there a rib, or ribs with the spine; while around the ovens might be recognised any bone of the human frame. When I say that sixty bodies were taken to this den 14'

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422 TAINUI of cannibals, and some of them only partly devoured from being indifferently cooked, it may easily be conceived that the stench arising from the bones, etc., was offensive in the extreme. It was literally a valley of bones?the bones of men still green with flesh, hideous to look upon Among some of the spectacles, I was arrested by the ghastly appearance of a once human head. In mere derision it had been boiled, and having a kumara in its mouth, was placed on a post a few feet above the ground ; on it might be seen the wound that had caused the wretched victim's death?a long gash on the temple by a war hatchet; it had also been beaten in from behind.&quot; After so ghastly a recital it is only fair to say that such incidents were common in Maori warfare, and Ngati Whakaue, had they been given the chance, would have inflicted like punishment on their Waikato enemies. This was the last battle between the Arawa and Tainui tribes, and was, it would seem, the last major war expedition undertaken by the Waikato people. Haua=Tamangarangi Kahoki-=Parehiawe Te bro=Mataroa Purangataua=Parepaoro Te Aho-o-te-rangi=Parengaope Tangimoana=Kahurangi Muriwhenua=Te Raumako To Waharoa=Te Wiwini Pohepohe=Parewaho Tarapipipi === Pare-te-kanawa (Wiremu Tanehana)

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