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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
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4<Section>
5 <Description>
6 <Metadata name="gsdlsourcefilename">import/englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/fiveanne.html</Metadata>
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10 <Metadata name="Source">fiveanne.html</Metadata>
11 <Metadata name="SourceFile">fiveanne.html</Metadata>
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14 <Metadata name="Author">Marilee Mongello</Metadata>
15 <Metadata name="Content">The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</Metadata>
16 <Metadata name="Page_topic">The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</Metadata>
17 <Metadata name="Title">The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</Metadata>
18 <Metadata name="FileFormat">HTML</Metadata>
19 <Metadata name="URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/fiveanne.html</Metadata>
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27 <Metadata name="gsdlassocfile">boleynhoward.gif:image/gif:</Metadata>
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29 <Content>
30
31&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;705&quot;&gt;
32 &lt;tr&gt;
33 &lt;td width=&quot;25%&quot; height=&quot;29&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
34 &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot; height=&quot;29&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;
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37 &lt;tr&gt;
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42 &lt;tr&gt;
43 &lt;td width=&quot;25%&quot; height=&quot;610&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
44 &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot; height=&quot;610&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;
45 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
46 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
47 &lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/boleynhoward.gif&quot; alt=&quot;The Boleyn-Howard Connection&quot; width=&quot;349&quot; height=&quot;262&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
48 &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;Many
49
50historians and biographers mention that Catherine Howard was related in
51
52some way to Anne Boleyn.&amp;nbsp; Historically, they are joined by a gruesome
53
54bond - they were the only two wives executed by King Henry VIII.&amp;nbsp; Catherine
55
56married Henry just four years after Anne's execution; yet during those
57
58four years, he had married two other women (Jane Seymour and Anne of Cleves.)
59 &lt;/p&gt;
60 &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;Catherine and Anne were first cousins.&amp;nbsp; Catherine's
61
62father, Lord Edmund Howard, was the brother of Anne Boleyn's mother, Lady
63
64Elizabeth Howard.&amp;nbsp; Edmund and Elizabeth were the children of Thomas
65
66Howard, 2nd duke of Norfolk.&amp;nbsp; However, despite their close familial
67
68ties, the two women never met.&amp;nbsp; There are many obvious reasons for
69
70this - first of all, Anne was about fifteen years older than Catherine.&amp;nbsp;
71
72Secondly, the Norfolk family was a tangled collection of cousins (far too
73
74many to list here) and, since Catherine was one of many children of a poor
75
76younger son, her status was relatively unimportant in the mid-1530s.&amp;nbsp;
77
78Third, and perhaps most important, Anne Boleyn disliked her uncle Thomas
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80Howard, the 3rd duke of Norfolk (and formerly earl of Surrey) - he was
81
82conniving, opportunistic, and arrogant.&amp;nbsp; This perhaps affected her
83
84relationships with all her Norfolk cousins; the only family member she
85
86was noticeably close to was her brother, George.&lt;/p&gt;
87 &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;Anne and Norfolk were
88
89never close and he only barely managed to hide his dislike while she was
90
91queen.&amp;nbsp; When she was arrested and tried, he made&amp;nbsp;haste
92
93to distance himself from her at all costs.&amp;nbsp; He also attended her trial and
94 passed judgment against her.&amp;nbsp; His groveling was effective
95
96- and still worked four years later when yet another niece (Catherine Howard)
97
98was arrested.&amp;nbsp; At Catherine's arrest, virtually every member of the
99
100Norfolk family was taken to the Tower - except the duke.&amp;nbsp; His frantic
101
102letter to Henry VIII included insults of all his imprisoned relatives,
103
104most importantly the 'abominable deeds' of Anne and Catherine.&amp;nbsp; He
105
106was certainly an unappealing character but, unlike so many others, he managed
107
108to survive in the treacherous Tudor court.&amp;nbsp; Later imprisoned and with
109
110his goods seized by the king, Norfolk was condemned to death.&amp;nbsp; Luckily, and
111 ironically, Henry
112
113VIII died without signing the warrant for his execution.&lt;/p&gt;
114 &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
115 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;
116 &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fboleyn.html&quot;&gt;to the Anne
117 Boleyn website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
118 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;
119 &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fhoward.html&quot;&gt;to the
120 Catherine Howard website&lt;br&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
121 &lt;td width=&quot;25%&quot; height=&quot;610&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
122 &lt;/tr&gt;
123&lt;/table&gt;
124
125
126
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130</Section>
131</Archive>
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