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4 | <meta name="author" content="Marilee Mongello">
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5 | <meta name="content" content="The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives">
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6 | <meta name="page_topic" content="The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives">
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11 | <title>The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King
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12 | Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</title>
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31 | <td width="25%" height="610"></td>
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33 | <p align="center"> </p>
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34 | <p align="center">
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35 | <img border="0" src="boleynhoward.gif" alt="The Boleyn-Howard Connection" width="349" height="262"></p>
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36 | <p align="left">Many
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37 |
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38 | historians and biographers mention that Catherine Howard was related in
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39 |
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40 | some way to Anne Boleyn. Historically, they are joined by a gruesome
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41 |
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42 | bond - they were the only two wives executed by King Henry VIII. Catherine
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43 |
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44 | married Henry just four years after Anne's execution; yet during those
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45 |
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46 | four years, he had married two other women (Jane Seymour and Anne of Cleves.)
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47 | </p>
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48 | <p align="left">Catherine and Anne were first cousins. Catherine's
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49 |
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50 | father, Lord Edmund Howard, was the brother of Anne Boleyn's mother, Lady
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51 |
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52 | Elizabeth Howard. Edmund and Elizabeth were the children of Thomas
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53 |
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54 | Howard, 2nd duke of Norfolk. However, despite their close familial
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55 |
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56 | ties, the two women never met. There are many obvious reasons for
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57 |
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58 | this - first of all, Anne was about fifteen years older than Catherine.
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59 |
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60 | Secondly, the Norfolk family was a tangled collection of cousins (far too
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61 |
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62 | many to list here) and, since Catherine was one of many children of a poor
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63 |
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64 | younger son, her status was relatively unimportant in the mid-1530s.
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65 |
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66 | Third, and perhaps most important, Anne Boleyn disliked her uncle Thomas
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67 |
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68 | Howard, the 3rd duke of Norfolk (and formerly earl of Surrey) - he was
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69 |
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70 | conniving, opportunistic, and arrogant. This perhaps affected her
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71 |
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72 | relationships with all her Norfolk cousins; the only family member she
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73 |
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74 | was noticeably close to was her brother, George.</p>
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75 | <p align="left">Anne and Norfolk were
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76 |
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77 | never close and he only barely managed to hide his dislike while she was
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78 |
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79 | queen. When she was arrested and tried, he made haste
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80 |
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81 | to distance himself from her at all costs. He also attended her trial and
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82 | passed judgment against her. His groveling was effective
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83 |
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84 | - and still worked four years later when yet another niece (Catherine Howard)
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85 |
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86 | was arrested. At Catherine's arrest, virtually every member of the
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87 |
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88 | Norfolk family was taken to the Tower - except the duke. His frantic
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89 |
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90 | letter to Henry VIII included insults of all his imprisoned relatives,
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91 |
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92 | most importantly the 'abominable deeds' of Anne and Catherine. He
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93 |
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94 | was certainly an unappealing character but, unlike so many others, he managed
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95 |
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96 | to survive in the treacherous Tudor court. Later imprisoned and with
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97 |
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98 | his goods seized by the king, Norfolk was condemned to death. Luckily, and
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99 | ironically, Henry
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100 |
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101 | VIII died without signing the warrant for his execution.</p>
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102 | <p align="left"> </p>
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103 | <p align="center"><font size="2">
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104 | <a href="boleyn.html">to the Anne
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105 | Boleyn website</a></font></p>
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106 | <p align="center"><font size="2">
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107 | <a href="howard.html">to the
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108 | Catherine Howard website<br></a></font></td>
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109 | <td width="25%" height="610"></td>
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110 | </tr>
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111 | </table>
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112 |
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