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    <Metadata name="Title">Primary Sources: Henry VIII's speech before Parliament, 1545</Metadata>
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      &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFE8&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=-1&gt;This speech, 
      given on 24 December 1545, was recorded by a member of Parliament.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=-1&gt;
      These words bring Henry VIII's personality to life - at times belligerent, 
      then coaxing, mixing flattery and threats.&amp;nbsp; Unlike his descendants, 
      Henry had few problems with parliament; his domination of its members was 
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On 24 December the king's majesty came into the parliament
house, to give his royal assent to such acts as had been passed there,
where the speaker made to him an eloquent oration, to which it has always
been the custom for the lord chancellor to answer, but at this time it
was the king's pleasure that it should be otherwise, for the king himself
answered, as follows word for word, as near as I was able to report it.
&lt;p&gt;'Although my Chancellor for the time being has been used, before
this time, very eloquently and substantially to answer such orations as
have been set forth in this high court of parliament, yet he is not so
able to open and set forth my mind and meaning and the secrets of my heart
in so plain and ample manner as I myself can.&amp;nbsp; Wherefore, taking it
upon myself to answer your eloquent oration, master speaker, I say that
where you, in the name of our well beloved commons, have both praised and
extolled me for the notable qualities which you have conceived to be in
me, I most heartily thank you all that you have reminded me of my duty,
which is to endeavor myself to obtain and get such excellent qualities
and necessary virtues as a prince or governor should or ought to have,
of which gifts I recognize myself both bare and barren.&amp;nbsp; But for such
small qualities as God has endowed me with I render to his goodness my
most humble thanks, intending with all my wit and diligence to get and
acquire for myself such notable virtues and princely qualities as you have
alleged to be incorporated in my person.&amp;nbsp; Having first remembered
these thanks for your loving admonition and good counsel, I next thank
you again because, considering our great charges (not for our pleasure
but for your defense, not for our gain but to our great cost) which we
have lately sustained, as well in defense against our and your enemies
as for the conquest of that fortress which was to this realm most displeasant
and noisome, and shall be by God's grace hereafter most profitable and
pleasant to our nation, you have freely of your own decision granted to
us a certain subsidy, specified here in an act, which truly we take in
good part, regarding more your kindness than the profit thereof, as he
that sets more by your loving hearts than by your substance.&amp;nbsp; Besides
this hearty kindness I cannot a little rejoice when I consider the perfect
trust and sure confidence which you have put in me, as men having undoubted
hope and unfeigned belief in my good deeds and just proceedings for you,
since without my desire or request you have committed to my order and disposition
all chantries, colleges, hospitals and other places specified in a certain
act, firmly trusting that I will order them to the glory of God and the
profit of the commonwealth.&amp;nbsp; Surely if, contrary to your expectation,
I should suffer the ministries of the church to decay, or learning (which
is so great a jewel) to be diminished, a poor and miserable people to be
unrelieved, you might say that I, being put in so special a trust as I
am in this case, were no trusty friend to you, nor a charitable man to
my fellow Christians, nor a lover of the public wealth, nor yet one who
feared God, to whom account must be rendered of all our doings.&amp;nbsp; Doubt
not, I pray you, that you expectations will be fulfilled more Godly or
goodly than you will wish or desire, as you will plainly see afterwards. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;'Now, since I find such kindness on your part towards me, I cannot choose
but to love and favor you, affirming that no prince in the world more favors
his subjects than I do you, and no subjects or commons more love and obey
their sovereign lord than I see you do me, for whose defense my treasure
shall not be hidden, nor if necessity requires it will my person be not
risked.&amp;nbsp; But although I with you and you with me are in this perfect
love and concord, this friendly amity cannot continue unless both you,
my lords temporal, and you, my lords spiritual, and you, my loving subjects,
study and take pains to amend one thing which is surely amiss and far out
of order, which I most heartily require you to do, which is that charity
and concord is not amongst you, but discord and dissension bears rule in
every place.&amp;nbsp; St Paul wrote to the Corinthians, in the 12th chapter:
'Charity is gentle, Charity is not envious, Charity is not proud,' and
so on in that chapter.&amp;nbsp; Behold then what love and charity is amongst
you when one calls another heretic and anabaptist and he calls him back
papist, hypocrite, and pharisee.&amp;nbsp; Are these tokens of charity amongst
you?&amp;nbsp; No, no, I assure you that this lack of charity amongst yourselves
will be the hindrance and assuaging of the fervent love between us, as
I said before, unless this is healed and clearly made whole.&amp;nbsp; I must
judge the fault and occasion of this discord to be partly the negligence
of you, the fathers and preachers of the spirituality.&amp;nbsp; For if I know
a man who lives in adultery I must judge him to be a lecherous and carnal
person; if I see a man boast and brag about himself I cannot but deem him
a proud man.&amp;nbsp; I see and hear daily that you of the clergy preach against
each other without charity or discretion.&amp;nbsp; Some are too stiff in their
old 'Mumpsimus', others are are too busy and curious in their new 'Sumpsimus'.&amp;nbsp;
Thus almost all men are in variety and discord, and few or none truly and
sincerely preach the word of God as they ought to do.&amp;nbsp; Shall I now
judge you to be charitable persons who do this?&amp;nbsp; No, no, I cannot
do so.&amp;nbsp; Alas, how can the poor souls live in concord when you preachers
sow amongst them in your sermons debate and discord?&amp;nbsp; They look to
you for light and you bring them darkness.&amp;nbsp; Amend these crimes, I
exhort you, and set forth God's word truly, both by true preaching and
giving a good example, or else, I, whom God has appointed his vicar and
high minister here, will see these divisions extinct, and these enormities
corrected, according to my true duty, or else I am an unprofitable servant
and an untrue officer'. ....
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