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    <Metadata name="Content">biography of Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) by Edward Spencer Beesly, 1892</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="Page_topic">biography of Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) by Edward Spencer Beesly, 1892</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="Author">Marilee Mongello</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="Title">Secondary Sources: Queen Elizabeth by Edward Spencer Beesly, 1892: Chapter I</Metadata>
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    <Metadata name="URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/beeslychapterone.html</Metadata>
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    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;7&quot;&gt;Queen Elizabeth&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
    &lt;font size=&quot;4&quot;&gt;by Edward Spencer Beesly, 1892&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img border=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/eliz1-ermine.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; height=&quot;478&quot; alt=&quot;'The Ermine Portrait' of Elizabeth I, c1585, by Nicholas Hilliard&quot;&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
    &lt;i&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;'The Ermine Portrait' of Elizabeth I, c1585, by Nicholas 
    Hilliard;&lt;br&gt;from the &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=0&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fwww.marileecody.com%2feliz1-images.html&quot;&gt;Portraits of Queen Elizabeth I&lt;/a&gt; website&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;blockquote&gt;
  &lt;blockquote&gt;
    &lt;font style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;
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    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
      &lt;b&gt;CHAPTER &lt;font class=&quot;highlight_yellow&quot;&gt;I&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
      &lt;b&gt;EARLY LIFE: 1533-1558&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;p class=&quot;3text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font class=&quot;highlight_yellow&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;
    I&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; HAVE to deal, under strict limitations of 
    space, with a long life, almost the whole of its adult period passed in the 
    exercise of sovereignty--a life which is in effect the history of England 
    during forty-five years, abounding at the same time in personal interest, 
    and the subject, both in its public and private aspects, of fierce and 
    probably interminable controversies. Evidently a bird's-eye view is all that 
    can be attempted; and the most important episodes alone can be selected for 
    consideration. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p class=&quot;3text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The daughter of Henry VIII and 
    Anne Boleyn was born on 6 September 1533. Anne was niece of Thomas, third 
    Duke of Norfolk, and all the great Howard kinsmen attended at the baptism 
    four days afterwards. &lt;font class=&quot;highlight_yellow&quot;&gt;Elizabeth&lt;/font&gt; was 
    two years and eight months old when her mother was beheaded, and she herself 
    was declared illegitimate by Act of Parliament. It is not recorded that in 
    after years she expressed any opinion about her mother or ever mentioned her 
    name. She never took any steps to get the Act of Attainder repealed; but 
    perhaps she indirectly showed her belief in Anne's innocence by raising the 
    son of Norris, her alleged paramour, to the peerage, and by the great favour 
    she always showed to his family. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p class=&quot;3text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;During her father's life 
    Elizabeth lived chiefly at Hatfield with her brother Edward, under a 
    governess. Henry had been empowered by Parliament in 1536 to settle the 
    succession by his will. In 1544 he caused an Act to be passed placing Mary 
    and Elizabeth next in order of succession after Edward. By his will, made a 
    few days before his death, he repeated the provisions of the Act of 1544, 
    and placed next to Elizabeth the daughters of his younger sister, the 
    Duchess of Suffolk, tacitly passing over his elder sister, the Queen of 
    Scotland. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p class=&quot;3text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;After her father's death 
    (January 1547) Elizabeth, then a girl of thirteen, went to reside with the 
    Queen Dowager Catherine, who had not been many weeks a widow before she 
    married her old lover Thomas Seymour, the Lord Admiral, brother of the 
    Protector Somerset, described as &amp;quot;fierce in courage, courtly in fashion, in 
    personage stately, in voice magnificent, but somewhat empty of matter.&amp;quot; The 
    romping that soon began to go on between this dangerous man and Elizabeth 
    was of such a nature that early in the next year Catherine found it 
    necessary to send her away somewhat abruptly. From that time she resided 
    chiefly at Hatfield. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p class=&quot;3text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;In August 1548 Catherine died, 
    and the Admiral at once formed the project of marrying Elizabeth. This and 
    other ambitious designs brought him to the scaffold (March 1549). It does 
    not appear that Elizabeth saw or directly corresponded with him after he was 
    a widower. But she listened to his messages, and dropped remarks of an 
    encouraging kind which she meant to be repeated to him. She knew perfectly 
    well that the marriage would not be permitted. She was only flirting with a 
    man old enough to be her father just as she afterwards flirted with men 
    young enough to be her sons. We already get a glimpse of the utter absence 
    both of delicacy and depth of feeling which characterised her through life. 
    When she heard of the Admiral's execution she simply remarked, &amp;quot;This day 
    died a man with much wit and very little judgment.&amp;quot; With Elizabeth the heart 
    never really spoke, and if the senses did, she had them under perfect 
    control. And this was why she never loved or was loved, and never has been 
    or will be regarded with enthusiasm by either man or woman. For some time 
    after this scandal she was evidently somewhat under a cloud. She lived at 
    her manor-houses of Ashridge, Enfield, and Hatfield, diligently pursuing her 
    studies under the celebrated scholar Ascham. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p class=&quot;3text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;When Edward died (6 July 1553) 
    Elizabeth was nearly twenty. Although Mary's cause was her own, she remained 
    carefully neutral during the short queen-ship of Jane. On its collapse she 
    hastened to congratulate her sister, and rode by her side when she made her 
    entry into London. During the early part of Mary's reign her life hung by a 
    thread. The slightest indiscretion would have been fatal to her. Wyatt's 
    insurrection was made avowedly in her favour. But neither to that nor any 
    other conspiracy did she extend the smallest encouragement. Her prudent and 
    blameless conduct gave her the more right in after years to deal severely 
    with Mary Stuart, whose behaviour under precisely similar circumstances was 
    so very different. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p class=&quot;3text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Renard, the Spanish ambassador, 
    demanded her execution as the condition of the Spanish match, and Mary 
    assured him that she would do her best to satisfy him. In the time of Henry 
    VIII. such an intention on the part of the sovereign would have been 
    equivalent to a sentence of death. But Mary was far from being as powerful 
    as her father. The Council had to be reckoned with, and in the Council 
    independent and even peremptory language was now to be heard. It was not 
    without strong protests on the part of some of the Lords that Elizabeth was 
    sent to the Tower, Sussex, a noble of the old blood, who was charged to 
    conduct her there, took upon him to delay her departure, that she might 
    appeal to the Queen for an interview. Mary was furious: &amp;quot;For their lives,&amp;quot; 
    she said, &amp;quot;they durst not have acted so in her father's time; she wished he 
    was alive and among them for a single month.&amp;quot; But it was usless to storm. 
    The absolute monarchy had seen its best days. Sussex, fearing foul play, 
    warned the Lieutenant of the Tower to keep within his written instructions. 
    Howard of Effingham, the Lord Admiral, had done more than any one else to 
    place Mary on the throne. But he was Elizabeth's great-uncle, and he angrily 
    insisted that her food in the Tower should be prepared by her own servants. 
    A proposal in Parliament to give the Queen the power to nominate a successor 
    was received with such disfavour that it had to be withdrawn. Finally the 
    judges declared that there was no evidence to convict Elizabeth. Sullenly 
    therefore the Queen had to give way. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p class=&quot;3text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Elizabeth was sent to 
    Woodstock, where she resided for about a year under guard. This was only 
    reasonable. An heir to the throne, in whose favour there had been plots, 
    could not expect complete freedom. In October 1555 she was allowed to go to 
    Hatfield under the surveillance of Sir Thomas Pope. During the rest of the 
    reign she escaped molestation by outward conformity to the Catholic 
    religion, and by taking no part whatever in politics. But as it became clear 
    that her accession was at hand there can be no doubt that she was engaged in 
    studying the problems with which she would have to deal. She was already in 
    close intimacy with Cecil, and it is evident that she mounted the throne 
    with a policy carefully thought out in its main lines. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p class=&quot;3text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;When Mary was known to be 
    dying, the Spanish ambassador, Feria, called on Elizabeth, and told her that 
    his master had exerted his influence with the Queen and Council on her 
    behalf, and had secured her succession. But she declined to be patronised, 
    and told him that the people and nobility were on her side. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/font&gt;
    &lt;hr&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;From &lt;i&gt;
    Queen Elizabeth&lt;/i&gt; by Edward Spencer Beesly.&amp;nbsp; Published in London by 
    Macmillan and Co., 1892.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/font&gt;
    &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;
  &lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
    &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fbeeslychaptertwo.html&quot;&gt;to Chapter 
    II: The Change of Religion: 1559&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
    &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2feliz1.html&quot;&gt;to the Queen 
    Elizabeth I website&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; /&amp;nbsp;
    &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2frelative%2fmaryqos.html&quot;&gt;to the Mary, 
    queen of Scots website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fsecondary.html&quot;&gt;
    to Secondary Sources&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/font&gt;
  


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