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    <Metadata name="Title">Primary Sources: The obituary of King Henry VII, 1509</Metadata>
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&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/1509.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Primary Sources: 1509: The obituary of King Henry VII&quot; width=&quot;436&quot; height=&quot;73&quot;&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;
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      &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFE8&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;The account 
      at right was recorded in the &lt;i&gt;Anglica Historia&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;p&gt;
      &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Henry VII was the first Tudor king of England.&amp;nbsp; He was 
      born on 28 January 1457 to Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, earl of 
      Richmond and half-brother of the ill-fated King Henry VI.&amp;nbsp; Henry was 
      born when his mother was just 13 years old; he was her only child.&amp;nbsp; 
      His father died a few months prior to his birth.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Henry had a tumultuous life, much of it spent in exile 
      until he fought King Richard III at Bosworth Field in the summer of 1485.&amp;nbsp; 
      Richard's own forces betrayed him, most notably Henry's step-uncle and 
      stepfather; he died in battle.&amp;nbsp; Henry was crowned king of England and 
      soon married the royal princess Elizabeth of York.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Henry's improbable rise encouraged those qualities which 
      made him a very effective but personally unpopular king.&amp;nbsp; He was 
      secretive, acquisitive, and rarely trusted others.&amp;nbsp; He gained a 
      reputation as both greedy and miserly.&amp;nbsp; He may have been both but 
      keep in mind that he inherited a bankrupt government; he died solvent, no 
      small achievement for a king.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;After the upheaval of the 'Wars of the Roses', the 
      English people desired peace.&amp;nbsp; They were prepared to accept Henry's 
      very dubious claim to the throne (via his mother, through a rumored 
      marriage between her great-grandfather, a royal duke, and his mistress) if 
      he provided a stable government.&amp;nbsp; He did so, and his position was 
      greatly strengthened by his marriage to the popular Elizabeth of York.&amp;nbsp; 
      Even more importantly, he provided two male heirs within a few years of 
      marriage.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Henry's true genius was in administration.&amp;nbsp; He did 
      not reform government, but he did increase its effectiveness.&amp;nbsp; He 
      also reestablished royal authority over the English nobility.&amp;nbsp; His 
      later years were unexpectedly difficult.&amp;nbsp; The deaths of Prince Arthur 
      and Elizabeth of York within a year of each other saddened him personally 
      and made the succession more insecure.&amp;nbsp; His own death in 1509 was 
      preceded by several years of illness.&amp;nbsp; He was succeeded by his 18 
      year old son, Henry.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;He [Henry VII] well knew how to maintain his royal majesty and all
which appertains to kingship at every time and in every place.&amp;nbsp; He
was most fortunate in war, although he was constitutionally more inclined
to peace than to war.&amp;nbsp; He cherished justice above all things; as a
result he vigorously punished violence, manslaughter and every other kind
of wickedness whatsoever.&amp;nbsp; Consequently he was greatly regretted on
that account by all his subjects, who had been able to conduct their lives
peaceably, far removed from the assaults and evil doings of scoundrels.&amp;nbsp;
He was the most ardent supporter of our faith and daily participated with
great piety in religious services....&lt;br&gt;But all these virtues were obscured latterly by avarice, from which
he suffered.&amp;nbsp; This avarice is surely a bad enough vice in a private
individual, whom it forever torments; in a monarch indeed it may be considered
the worst vice since it is harmful to everyone and distorts those qualities
of trustfulness, justice and integrity by which the State must be governed.
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