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| 8 | <title>Primary Sources: The coronation of Anne Boleyn, 1533</title>
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| 20 | <p align="center"> <br>
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| 21 | <p align="center">
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| 22 | <img border="0" src="prianne1.gif" alt="Primary Sources: 1533: The coronation of Anne Boleyn" width="322" height="155"><p align="center"> </td>
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| 29 | <tr>
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| 30 | <td valign="top" width="48%" bgcolor="#FFFFE8"><p>
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| 31 | <font size="2">
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| 32 | <img border="0" src="anne2.jpg" alt="portrait of Anne Boleyn" align="left" width="139" height="194">This
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| 33 | account of Anne Boleyn's coronation was written by the Tudor chronicler
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| 34 | Edward Hall.</font><p>
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| 35 | <font size="2">Henry only provided coronations for his first two wives.
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| 36 | Katharine of Aragon shared his coronation in 1509; Anne's lavish ceremony
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| 37 | took place on 29 May 1533. She would be executed almost exactly three
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| 38 | years later.</font><p>
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| 39 | <font size="2">The coronation was not a success, despite its expense.
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| 40 | Anne was not popular. Insults were shouted; mocking laughter was
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| 41 | heard. Anne was already two months pregnant with the future Queen
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| 42 | Elizabeth I. This undoubtedly hastened her secret marriage and
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| 43 | coronation. Henry VIII wanted no one to doubt the legitimacy of his
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| 44 | son or the nobility of his parentage.</font></td>
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| 45 | <td width="4%"></td>
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| 46 | <td valign="top" width="48%">
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| 47 | <p>
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| 48 | On
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| 49 | Thursday 29 May, Lady Anne, marquess of Pembroke, was received as queen
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| 50 | of England by all the lords of England. And the mayor and aldermen,
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| 51 | with all the guilds of the City of London, went to Greenwich in their barges
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| 52 | after the best fashion, with also a barge of bachelors of the mayor's guild
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| 53 | richly hung with cloth of gold with a great number to wait on her.
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| 54 | And so all the lords with the mayor and all the guilds of London brought
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| 55 | her by water from Greenwich to the Tower of London, and there the king's
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| 56 | grace received her as she landed, and then over a thousand guns were fired
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| 57 | at the Tower, and others were fired at Limehouse, and on other ships lying
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| 58 | in the Thames. </p>
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| 59 |
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| 60 | <p>And on Saturday, the last day of May, she rode from the Tower of London
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| 61 | through the City with a goodly company of lords, knights and gentlemen,
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| 62 | with all the peers of the realm, richly appareled. She herself rode
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| 63 | in a rich chariot covered with cloth of silver, and a rich canopy of cloth
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| 64 | of silver borne over her head by the four Lords of the Ports, in gowns
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| 65 | of scarlet, followed by four richly hung chariots of ladies; and also several
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| 66 | other ladies and gentlewoman riding on horseback, all in gowns made of
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| 67 | crimson velvet. And there were various pageant made on scaffolds
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| 68 | in the city; and all the guilds were standing in their liveries, every
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| 69 | one in order, the mayor and aldermen standing in Cheapside. And when
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| 70 | she came before them the Recorder of London made a goodly presentation
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| 71 | to her, and then the mayor gave her a purse of cloth of fold with a thousand
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| 72 | marks of angel nobles in it, as a present from the whole of the city; and
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| 73 | so the lords brought her to the palace of Westminster and left her there
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| 74 | that night.
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| 75 | <p>On 1 June Queen Anne was brought from Westminster Hall to St Peter's
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| 76 | Abbey in procession, with all the monks of Westminster going in rich copes
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| 77 | of gold, with thirteen mitred abbots; and after them all the king's chapel
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| 78 | in rich copes with four bishops and two mitred archbishops, and all the
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| 79 | lords going in their parliament robes, and the crown borne before her by
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| 80 | the duke of Suffolk, and her two sceptres by two earls, and she herself
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| 81 | going under a rich canopy of cloth of gold, dressed in a kirtle of crimson
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| 82 | velvet decorated with ermine, and a robe of purple velvet decorated with
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| 83 | ermine over that, and a rich coronet with a cap of pearls and stones on
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| 84 | her head; and the old duchess of Norfolk carrying her train in a robe of
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| 85 | scarlet with a coronet of gold on her cap, and Lord Burgh, the queen's
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| 86 | Chamberlain, supporting the train in the middle.
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| 87 | <p>After her followed ten ladies in robes of scarlet trimmed with ermine
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| 88 | and round coronets of gold on their heads; and next after them all the
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| 89 | queen's maids in gowns of scarlet edged with white Baltic fur. And
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| 90 | so she was brought to St Peter's church at Westminster, and there set in
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| 91 | her high royal seat, which was made on a high platform before the altar.
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| 92 | And there she was anointed and crowned queen of England by the archbishop
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| 93 | of Canterbury and the archbishop of York, and so sat, crowned, in her royal
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| 94 | seat all through the mass, and she offered at the said mass. And
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| 95 | when the mass was done they left, every man in his order, to Westminster
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| 96 | Hall, she still going under the canopy, crowned, with two sceptres in her
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| 97 | hands, my Lord Wiltshire her father, and Lord Talbot leading her, and so
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| 98 | dined there; and there was made the most honourable feast that has been
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| 99 | seen.
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| 100 | <p>The great hall at Westminster was richly hung with rich cloth of Arras,
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| 101 | and a table was set at the upper end of the hall, going up twelve steps,
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| 102 | where the queen dined; and a rich cloth of estate hung over her head.
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| 103 | There were also four other tables along the hall; and it was railed on
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| 104 | every side, from the high dais in Westminster Hall to the platform in the
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| 105 | church in the abbey.
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| 106 | <p>And when she went to church to her coronation there was a striped blue
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| 107 | cloth spread from the high dais of the king's bench to the high altar of
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| 108 | Westminster on which she went.
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| 109 | <p>And when the queen's Grace had washed her hands, then came the duke
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| 110 | of Suffolk, high constable for that day and steward of the feast, riding
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| 111 | on horseback, richly dressed and decorated, and with him, also riding on
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| 112 | horseback, Lord William Howard as deputy for the duke of Norfolk in his
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| 113 | office of marshall of England, and there came the queen's service followed
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| 114 | by the archbishop's with a certain space between, which was all borne by
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| 115 | knights; the archbishop sitting at the queen's board, at the end on her
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| 116 | left hand. The earl of Sussex was sewer, earl of Essex carver, earl
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| 117 | of Derby cup bearer, earl of Arundel butler, Viscount Lisle panter, and
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| 118 | Lord Grey almoner.
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| 119 | <br> <p align="center">
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| 120 | <a href="monarchs/boleyn.html">
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| 121 | <font size="2">to the Anne
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| 122 | Boleyn website</font></a></p>
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| 123 | <p align="center"><a href="primary.html">
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| 124 | <font size="2">to Primary Sources</font></a></td>
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| 125 | </tr>
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