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    <Metadata name="gsdlfullsourcepath">/Scratch/ak19/gs2-diffcol-26Apr2019/collect/Tudor-Enhanced/import/englishhistory.net/tudor/citizens/boleyn.html</Metadata>
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    <Metadata name="Title">Mary Boleyn: Biography, Portrait, Primary Sources</Metadata>
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    <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Tudor period|Citizens</Metadata>
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    &lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/maryboleyn.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Mary Boleyn&quot; width=&quot;493&quot; height=&quot;144&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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    &lt;img border=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/maryboleynunknown.jpg&quot; width=&quot;359&quot; height=&quot;480&quot; alt=&quot;portrait of Mary Boleyn by an unknown artist&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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      &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Mary Boleyn was the sister of 
      King Henry VIII's second wife, the infamous Anne Boleyn.&amp;nbsp; But she was 
      also the king's mistress before her sister's ascendancy.&amp;nbsp; She may also have given birth 
      to Henry's son.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;hr&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;Information about the life of Mary Boleyn is sketchy at best.&amp;nbsp;

Before her sister's ascendancy, Mary was the most famous member of her

family, a dubious honor since it was based upon her adulterous affair with

King Henry VIII.&amp;nbsp; There has been great debate over the exact year

of her birth, with many researchers unable to agree on which Boleyn sister

was older.&amp;nbsp; Some speculate Anne was born in 1501 or 1502; others place

it at 1507.&amp;nbsp; The most recent scholarship supports 1507 as the year

of Anne's birth.&amp;nbsp; Mary was born a year later, in 1508.&amp;nbsp; Their

only surviving sibling was an older brother George, born in 1503.

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Mary was born at Hever Castle, the family seat.&amp;nbsp;

She was named after Princess Mary Tudor, the youngest child of Henry VII

and Elizabeth of York.&amp;nbsp; Her family was loyal to the Tudor dynasty

but had Yorkist connections.&amp;nbsp; Her mother was Elizabeth Howard, daughter

of Thomas, earl of Surrey.&amp;nbsp; His father, the 1st duke of Norfolk, had

died fighting for Richard III against Henry VII.&amp;nbsp; Mary's father, Thomas

Boleyn, could trace his ancestry only to the 13th century.&amp;nbsp; His family

was originally from Norfolk where they lived as tenant farmers.&amp;nbsp; In

1457, a Sir Geoffrey Boleyn was serving as Lord Mayor of London.&amp;nbsp;

He wed Anne, heiress of Lord Hoo and Hastings, and - through her - acquired

Hever Castle in Kent and Blickling Hall in Norfolk.&amp;nbsp; His son became

a knight under Richard III and a baron under Henry VII.&amp;nbsp; He married

a great heiress as well; she was Margaret, daughter of Thomas Butler, 7th

earl of Ormond.&amp;nbsp; He was incredibly wealthy and bequeathed Margaret

36 manors.&amp;nbsp; Their eldest child was Thomas Boleyn, Mary's father.&amp;nbsp;

Thomas had married Elizabeth Howard by 1501.&amp;nbsp; Their three surviving

children were born within the next 10 years.

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; In 1512, Thomas was one of three envoys assigned

to the regent of Netherlands court.&amp;nbsp; His skill in speaking French

and his family connections secured the appointment.&amp;nbsp; Once there, he

was a great success with the regent, Margaret, archduchess of Austria.&amp;nbsp;

He used this friendship to secure a prestigious appointment for his eldest

daughter, Anne; she was to reside with the regent's wards, sharing their

royal education.&amp;nbsp; This is the primary evidence that Anne was the elder

sister.&amp;nbsp; In such cases, the elder sister would receive the opportunity

first.

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; However, Mary was married before Anne - an unusual

occurrence and one which led many to believe Mary was older.&amp;nbsp; However,

it is completely plausible that Anne was not married first because she

was still in Europe, gaining a royal education and hoping to wed a foreign

nobleman.&amp;nbsp; Mary, on the other hand, wed a man named William Carey,

a gentleman of the royal privy chamber on 4 February 1520.&amp;nbsp; Though

he was not a titled lord, his duties meant he had intimate contact with

the king on a daily basis.&amp;nbsp; He would be a valuable connection for

the Boleyns.&amp;nbsp; Henry used his attendants, with whom he spent his leisure

hours, to carry out government work.&amp;nbsp; Carey was 24 years old and Mary

not quite twelve, young even for 16th century marriage.&amp;nbsp; The consummation

of the marriage was probably delayed for a few years.

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Mary's wedding was held a few weeks before her father

returned from a mission abroad.&amp;nbsp; This indicates that Thomas Boleyn

had planned the marriage well in advance.&amp;nbsp; The king gave the newlyweds

a cash present - 6s.8d.; this was undoubtedly welcome since William Carey

was a younger son and lacked money and lands.&amp;nbsp; Henry's favor (and,

more particularly, Mary's affair with Henry) helped in this respect - before

his death in 1528, William had received two keeperships, a stewardship,

an annuity, and manors in two counties.&amp;nbsp; As to William's ancestry,

he could trace his descent from Edward III; his mother was a cousin of

Margaret Beaufort, Henry VII's mother.&amp;nbsp; His aunt Catherine Spencer

was married to Henry, fifth earl of Northumberland.

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As William's wife, Mary had lodgings at court, information

about royal policies, and the great opportunity to participate in all court

events.&amp;nbsp; Their first child, Catherine, was born about 1524 when Mary

was just sixteen.&amp;nbsp; Meanwhile, her family continued its ascendancy

during these years.&amp;nbsp; Personally, she and her sister Anne were two

of eight women who participated in a celebration at York Place, Cardinal

Wolsey's home.&amp;nbsp; Anne played Perseverance and Mary was Kindness; they

were clothed in white satin with bejeweled headdresses.&amp;nbsp; This was

in 1522; Mary was just fourteen.&amp;nbsp; By the time she was seventeen, Mary

was a first-time mother and Henry VIII's mistress.&amp;nbsp; There is much

circumstantial evidence to support this:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;* in 1527, Henry was planning to marry Anne Boleyn.&amp;nbsp; He

sought and received a papal dispensation to marry the sister of a woman

with whom he had engaged in illicit/unlawful intercourse.&amp;nbsp; Anne had

only one sister - Mary. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;* Reginald Pole reported the following - in 1528, a member of Parliament

insulted the king's morals by accusing Henry of sleeping with Anne's mother

&lt;i&gt;and&lt;/i&gt;

sister.&amp;nbsp; Undoubtedly flustered, the king replied:&amp;nbsp; &quot;Never with

her mother.&quot;

&lt;p&gt;* the affair was known of in diplomatic circles - in 1532, Francis I

of France met Mary face-to-face when she accompanied Henry and Anne to

Calais.&amp;nbsp; He mentioned her infamous behavior with her sister's spouse

&lt;i&gt;before&lt;/i&gt;

the marriage to Anne.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

    &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; The affair was brief, ending in mid-1525 (probably July.)&amp;nbsp;

On 4 March 1526, Mary gave birth to a son, called Henry.&amp;nbsp; He was widely

assumed to be the king's son.&amp;nbsp; He physically resembled the king, a&amp;nbsp;

fact often remarked upon.&amp;nbsp; In 1535, for example, a man called 'young

Master Carey' the king's son. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Perhaps more telling, Henry granted the Careys actual

manors and estates during the affair and immediately before the child's

birth.&amp;nbsp; Before, the Careys had been granted rather minor offices.&amp;nbsp;

(You may recall that Henry publicly acknowledged another illegitimate son,

born in 1519.&amp;nbsp; This boy was called &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffitzroy.html&quot;&gt;Henry

Fitzroy&lt;/a&gt; - the surname traditionally given to royal bastards - and was

ennobled, given the title duke of Richmond.&amp;nbsp; If Henry Carey was also

his son, why didn't Henry do the same for him?&amp;nbsp; The answer lies in

his determination to divorce Katharine of Aragon and marry &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fboleyn.html&quot;&gt;Anne

Boleyn&lt;/a&gt;, the child's aunt.&amp;nbsp; It is likely that even Henry VIII would

have been too embarrassed to recognize his bastard son by his fiancee's

younger sister.)&amp;nbsp;  Henry Carey was eventually ennobled as Lord Hunsdon by 
Elizabeth I, the queen who may have been his half-sister and was undoubtedly his 
cousin.&amp;nbsp; Though he served her ably, Elizabeth only offered Hunsdon a title 
upon his deathbed.&amp;nbsp; To this dubious honor, the old man aptly replied that 
if the queen hadn't thought him worth it while he was in health, he would not 
accept it while ill.&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Mary Boleyn was referenced in &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2flovelett.html&quot;&gt;Henry's

love letters to Anne&lt;/a&gt; in 1528, the year her husband died.&amp;nbsp; William

had asked Mary to seek her sister's influence with the king; his elder

sister, Eleanor, wanted the position of abbess at St Edith's Nunnery.&amp;nbsp;

The nuns wanted their prioress elevated to the position instead.&amp;nbsp;

Anne asked the king to intervene.&amp;nbsp; In the end, Eleanor's dubious moral

destroyed her chances.&amp;nbsp; But the episode demonstrates Anne's willingness

to help Mary; also, Mary clearly expected to benefit from her sister's

closeness to the king.

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; William Carey died on 23 June 1528 and Henry VIII

promptly granted Anne Boleyn the wardship of her nephew (and possibly his

son), two-year-old Henry Carey.&amp;nbsp; In another letter to Anne, Henry

remarked upon Mary's easy virtue.&amp;nbsp; He and Anne were concerned that,

after William's death, Mary's behavior would degenerate; in other words,

she would be an embarrassment to the king and his intended wife.

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; In November 1530, Henry gave Anne 20 pds to redeem

a jewel from Mary; it was probably a gambling debt.&amp;nbsp; Two years later,

Mary was one of thirty ladies who accompanied Henry and Anne on a visit

to France (colorfully known to history as 'The Field of the Cloth of Gold'.)&amp;nbsp;

They stayed in Calais in late October, attending various events with Francis

I; ostensibly, they were celebrating a new peace agreement.&amp;nbsp; But it

was also a chance to present Anne to a foreign king.&amp;nbsp; When Henry wed

Anne in 1533, Mary became a lady-in-waiting to her sister.&amp;nbsp; It was

only in 1534 that she and Anne had a serious conflict.

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; In 1534, Mary secretly married William Stafford.&amp;nbsp;

He was the younger son of Humphrey Stafford of Blatherwick in Northampton.&amp;nbsp;

This marriage was a disaster for her, excepting her personal happiness.&amp;nbsp;

Mary undoubtedly loved Stafford, a soldier she had met at Calais (he had

been part of Henry VIII's retinue.)&amp;nbsp; But her relatives - all newly

ennobled and very self-conscious about their status - were outraged.&amp;nbsp;

He was a commoner, not fit for the queen's sister.&amp;nbsp; Accordingly, Mary

and her new husband were banished from court.&amp;nbsp; (It is quite possible

that her relatives planned to wed Mary to a nobleman, further cementing

their rise to prominence; instead, her marriage was a step backwards socially.)&amp;nbsp;

In late 1534, while her father and brother received numerous grants, titles,

and other gifts, Mary was reduced to begging Thomas Cromwell for assistance.&amp;nbsp;

Would he speak to Henry on her behalf?&amp;nbsp; Mary hoped Henry would persuade

Anne to forgive her but her former lover was less than helpful.&amp;nbsp; So

Mary asked Cromwell to speak to her father, her uncle, and her brother.

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Meanwhile, her son was still living with his

aunt, Queen Anne.&amp;nbsp; He was being tutored by the great French poet,

Nicholas Bourbon, clearly benefiting from the wardship.&amp;nbsp; His mother's

life between 1534 and her sister's execution in 1536 is difficult to trace.&amp;nbsp;

She seems to have resided at Rochford, Essex from the time of her disgrace

to her death on 19 July 1543.&amp;nbsp; When her sister fell into disfavor

and Henry sought a divorce, his earlier affair with Mary was mentioned.&amp;nbsp;

Perhaps this would justify an annulment, even as Katharine of Aragon's

marriage to his brother had?&amp;nbsp; But no one seriously considered this

(after all, there had been a papal dispensation) and it was more expedient

to press other charges.&amp;nbsp; Mary did not visit her sister when Anne was

imprisoned in the Tower.&amp;nbsp; Nor did she visit their brother George,

also condemned to death.&amp;nbsp; There is no evidence that she wrote to them,

either.&amp;nbsp; Like their uncle, the duke of Norfolk, she may have thought

it wise to avoid association with her disgraced relatives.

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Mary lived to see her children gain some royal favor.&amp;nbsp;

Her teenage daughter Catherine (born 1524) was appointed a maid of honor

to Anne of Cleves, Henry VIII's fourth wife.&amp;nbsp; Sometime in 1540, she

made a good match, marrying Sir Francis Knollys.&amp;nbsp; He was a member

of Henry VIII's household.&amp;nbsp; She also became one of her cousin Elizabeth

Tudor's closest friends.&amp;nbsp; Her daughter, Lettice Knollys, would later

marry Elizabeth's great love, Robert Dudley; her son, the earl of Essex,

would also be one of Elizabeth's favorites (though eventually executed

for treason.)&amp;nbsp; Henry Carey, whose paternity was the subject of such

speculation, would be ennobled as Lord Hunsdon in Elizabeth's reign.&amp;nbsp;

Elizabeth was kind to her Boleyn relatives, especially Mary's children.&amp;nbsp;

Twenty-two years after Anne Boleyn's execution, a Boleyn was sole ruler

of England.&amp;nbsp; It was a triumph few could have predicted.&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;hr WIDTH=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;

    &lt;p&gt;

&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Some other stuff about Mary Boleyn that I've found: &lt;/font&gt;
    &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;* Mary was considered more conventionally beautiful than Anne but lacked

her sister's style and wit.

&lt;br&gt;* As a child, Mary was taught French by Mademoiselle Semmonet;&amp;nbsp;

she also studied music (practicing on the lute, harp, viol, and virginals.)

&lt;br&gt;* Mary also spent time in Archduchess Margaret's service; she was removed

in 1518/19 by her father and placed in Katharine of Aragon's service.

&lt;br&gt;* Anne and George Boleyn were very close and reportedly had little

use for their sister, Mary.&amp;nbsp; (This was reported by several foreign

ambassadors.) &lt;/font&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Note:&amp;nbsp; I have read that Mary Boleyn accompanied Princess Mary Tudor

to France, as a lady-in-waiting.&amp;nbsp; However, the trip occurred in 1515;

Mary would have been just 7 years old - so the assertion seems unlikely. &lt;/font&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;So the following questions remain:

&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * did she accompany Mary to France?

&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; * did she use her influence with Mary Tudor to get

Anne a position as lady-in-waiting to Katharine of Aragon (thus allowing

Henry VIII and Anne to meet?)&amp;nbsp; This has been mentioned in several

books but, as I stated, it would mean Mary was a lady-in-waiting at the

age of seven. &lt;/font&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=-1&gt;I have used the spelling 'Boleyn' instead of 'Bullen'

for one simple reason - it is how the family chose to spell it when they

first rose to prominence.&amp;nbsp; Certainly they thought 'Boleyn' was more

elegant - I'll stay mum on that issue, but since most history texts also

use 'Boleyn', it remains less confusing than switching between two surnames.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;
&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;
    &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fboleyn.html&quot;&gt;Visit the 
    Anne Boleyn website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;center&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=-1&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fcitizens.html&quot;&gt;to

Tudor Citizens&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font size=-1&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor.html&quot;&gt;to Tudor

England&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/center&gt;

  &lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;



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