source: other-projects/nightly-tasks/diffcol/trunk/model-collect/Tudor-Enhanced/archives/HASH690a.dir/doc.xml@ 29406

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    <Metadata name="Page_topic">Jane Seymour third wife of King Henry VIII mother of King Edward VI</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="Content">Jane Seymour third wife of King Henry VIII mother of King Edward VI</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="Author">Marilee Mongello</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="Title">Jane Seymour: Biography, Portraits, Primary Sources</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="FileFormat">HTML</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/seymour.html</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="UTF8URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/seymour.html</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Tudor period|Monarchs</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="Identifier">HASH690ae8278921151e9e29a7</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="lastmodified">1414477183</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="lastmodifieddate">20141028</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="oailastmodified">1414477194</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="oailastmodifieddate">20141028</Metadata>
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    <Metadata name="gsdlassocfile">seymourcardinal.gif:image/gif:</Metadata>
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  <Content>

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;607&quot;&gt;
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    &lt;td width=&quot;25%&quot; height=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot; height=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td width=&quot;25%&quot; height=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Here lies Jane, a phoenix &lt;BR&gt;Who 
      died in giving another phoenix birth. &lt;BR&gt;Let her be mourned, for 
      birds like these &lt;BR&gt;Are rare indeed. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;I&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;Jane 
      Seymour's epitaph&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/I&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td width=&quot;25%&quot; height=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td width=&quot;25%&quot; height=&quot;610&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot; height=&quot;610&quot;&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/seymourcardinal.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Jane Seymour&quot; width=&quot;336&quot; height=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/seymourhorenbout1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;miniature portrait of Jane Seymour by Lucas Horenbout&quot; width=&quot;325&quot; height=&quot;327&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
    &lt;i&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;miniature portrait of Jane Seymour by Lucas Horenbout&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
    &lt;B&gt;&lt;br&gt;Henry VIII had 
      six wives but only one gave him a son.&amp;nbsp; Jane Seymour fulfilled her 
      most important duty as queen, but she was never crowned and  died just 
      twelve days after the long and arduous birth.&amp;nbsp; She was Henry's third 
      wife and seems never to have made much of an impression upon anyone except 
      the king.&amp;nbsp; Her meek and circumspect manner was in distinct contrast 
      to Henry's second wife, the sharp-tongued Anne Boleyn.&amp;nbsp; Jane had 
      served as lady-in-waiting to Anne and she supplanted her in much the same 
      way Anne had replaced Katharine of Aragon in Henry's affections.&amp;nbsp; We 
      will never know if Jane sought the king's favor or was a frightened pawn 
      of her family and the king's desire.&amp;nbsp; But we do know that she bravely 
      sought pardons for those involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace revolt in 
      1536.&amp;nbsp; Rebuked by the king, and mindful of the fates of his first two 
      wives, she retired into a quiet and decorous role.&amp;nbsp; The triumphant 
      birth of her son Edward allowed her two ambitious brothers into the king's 
      inner circle; however, both would be executed during Edward's reign.&lt;/B&gt;
    &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;A 
        href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fseymour.html#Biography&quot;&gt;
        &lt;font size=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Read 
        the biography of Jane Seymour.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Primary Sources&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;Read &lt;A 
        href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fletters.html&quot;&gt;letters written by 
        Jane&lt;/A&gt;. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;A 
        href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fed6birth.html&quot;&gt;Jane Seymour's 
        pregnancy is announced&lt;/A&gt;, 1537.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;
      &lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Visit &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=0&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fwww.marileecody.com%2fimages.html&quot;&gt;Tudor England: 
        Images&lt;/a&gt; to view portraits of Jane. &lt;BR&gt;Visit the &lt;A 
        href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fedward6.html&quot;&gt;King Edward 
        VI site&lt;/A&gt; to learn more about Jane's son. &lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;P&gt;Test your knowledge of Jane Seymour's life at &lt;A 
        href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ftudor1.html&quot;&gt;Tudor 
      Quizzes&lt;/A&gt;.&lt;/P&gt; 
        &lt;P&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Interact&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Meet other Six Wives enthusiasts at
        &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=0&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fladiesallfanlist.cjb.net&quot;&gt;Ladies All: A Fanlisting for 
        the Six Wives of Henry VIII&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=0&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2ftudorhistory.org%2flists%2flist.html&quot;&gt;
        Tudor Talk &lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;This email discussion list is sponsored by 
        Tudorhistory.org.&lt;br&gt;
        &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=0&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fgroups.yahoo.com%2fgroup%2fReign%5fof%5fthe%5fTudors%5frpg&quot;&gt;Reign 
        of the Tudors&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; This is a role-playing game set in 16th century 
        England.&amp;nbsp; If you would like to 'play' Jane Grey or Anne Boleyn or 
        other Tudors, click the link to join.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/P&gt; 
        &lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td width=&quot;25%&quot; height=&quot;610&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;A name=Biography&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;B&gt;Biography&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;Jane Seymour's 
        family was of ancient and respectable lineage.&amp;nbsp; Her father was Sir 
        John Seymour of Wolf Hall in Wiltshire; he served in the Tournai 
        campaign of 1513 and accompanied Henry VIII to the Field of the Cloth of 
        Gold in 1520.&amp;nbsp; He was made a knight of the body and later a 
        gentleman of the king's bedchamber.&amp;nbsp; Both positions were very 
        desirable for they allowed personal access to the king.&amp;nbsp; Courtiers 
        were always desperate to gain the king's ear, if even for a brief 
        moment.&amp;nbsp; Sir John was able to secure appointments at 
        court for his family; of his eight children, three would come to 
        historical prominence - the eldest son Edward as duke of Somerset and 
        Lord Protector, another son Thomas as Lord Admiral and husband of Henry VIII's last queen, and his daughter Jane as queen of England.
  &lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;P&gt;The Seymour rise to prominence at Henry's court mirrored that of the 
        Boleyns; it was the path sought by all English families with a minor 
        pedigree or clever son.&amp;nbsp; But gaining the king's favor was rather 
        different than maintaining it and the Seymours proved far more adept at 
        the latter. 
        &lt;P&gt;Jane's birthdate is unknown; various accounts use anywhere from 1504 
        to 1509.&amp;nbsp; She first came to court as a lady-in-waiting to &lt;A 
        href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2faragon.html&quot;&gt;Katharine of 
        Aragon&lt;/A&gt;, Henry VIII's first wife.&amp;nbsp; But soon enough &lt;A 
        href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fboleyn.html&quot;&gt;Anne 
        Boleyn&lt;/A&gt; was queen and Jane attended her.&amp;nbsp; She witnessed 
        first-hand the tempestuous relationship between Anne and Henry.&amp;nbsp; 
        Jane herself was known for her quiet and soothing manner.&amp;nbsp; 
        Certainly Henry knew of her but there is no evidence that he took 
        particular notice until September 1535 when his royal progress stopped 
        at Wolf Hall.&amp;nbsp; Such a visit was a great honor for the Seymour 
        family.&amp;nbsp; And it brought Jane, away from court and its flirtatious 
        young beauties, immediately to the king's attention.&amp;nbsp; 
        &lt;P&gt;Many historians have argued this was the beginning of Henry's 
        infatuation, but it was unlikely.&amp;nbsp; Anne Boleyn was not completely 
        out of favor just yet; she was pregnant again,&lt;img border=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/seymourbiography.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;portrait of Jane Seymour by an unknown artist&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; width=&quot;275&quot; height=&quot;423&quot;&gt; though she would suffer a 
        miscarriage in January.&amp;nbsp; And Henry's flirtations were confined to 
        Anne's cousin, Madge Shelton.&amp;nbsp; Jane Seymour was perhaps in the 
        king's thoughts but he did nothing for several months. 
        &lt;P&gt;
      In February 1536, however, foreign ambassadors began to report rumors 
        of the king's romance with Jane.&amp;nbsp; They speculated upon her chances 
        of becoming queen.&amp;nbsp; Henry made his affection clear to Jane; she 
        received costly gifts (which she prudently returned) and her brothers 
        were promoted at court.&amp;nbsp; In April 1536, Edward Seymour and his wife 
        moved to rooms which connected through a hidden passage with the king's 
        apartments.&amp;nbsp; Henry could thus continue his courtship of Jane in 
        relative privacy. 
        &lt;P&gt;But the king was also mindful of the vicious rumors and public 
        outrage which had accompanied his open courtship of Anne Boleyn while 
        still wed to Katharine of Aragon.&amp;nbsp; He was far more discreet with 
        Jane, and this undoubtedly suited her character.&amp;nbsp; She was content 
        to remain unknown.&amp;nbsp; There were rumors that she would not dine alone 
        with the king, insisting always upon a chaperone, and that she responded 
        to a particularly bold flirtation by reminding the king of his marriage. 

        &lt;P&gt;Henry did not need to be reminded of his second marriage; it had 
        become a bitter disappointment for him.&amp;nbsp; He was determined to rid 
        himself of Anne Boleyn.&amp;nbsp; Jane's presence was merely another impetus 
        for action. 
        &lt;P&gt;Another impetus was the death of Katharine of Aragon on 7 January 
        1536.&amp;nbsp; All of Europe, and most Englishmen, had regarded her as the 
        king's rightful wife and Anne as merely his concubine.&amp;nbsp; On 29 
        January, Anne miscarried a son; the king ominously declared that he 
        would have no more children by her.&amp;nbsp; For Henry, it was suddenly 
        clear that if he could rid himself of Anne and marry Jane, then he would 
        have a legitimate marriage recognized by all and another possibility for 
        a son. 
        &lt;P&gt;The king began to mention publicly that he had been bewitched into 
        marriage with Anne; he knew his words would reach her.&amp;nbsp; Anne was 
        terrified but  could do little.&amp;nbsp; She had few friends at court, 
        and even those were prepared to desert her for the king's favor.&amp;nbsp; 
        On 2 May, she was arrested and taken to the Tower of London.&amp;nbsp; On 
        15 May, she was condemned to death; Henry sent a personal message to 
        Jane with the news.&amp;nbsp; Four days later Anne was executed; the day 
        after, 20 May, the king was formally betrothed to Jane.&amp;nbsp; They 
        married ten days later on 30 May and Jane was publicly declared queen on 
        4 June.&amp;nbsp; She chose an apt motto, 'Bound to Obey and Serve'. 
        &lt;P&gt;She was never granted the lavish coronation which Anne had 
        enjoyed.&amp;nbsp; It was summertime and the minor plagues were sweeping 
        through London; the king said she must wait until the spring to be 
        crowned.&amp;nbsp; It is also possible, and was rumored, that Henry had no 
        intention of crowning Jane until she had proved her worth and provided a 
        son.&amp;nbsp; If she proved barren, he could annul their marriage with 
        hopefully little fanfare. 
        &lt;P&gt;Almost a decade had passed since the 'King's Great Matter' first 
        began and still Henry did not have a legitimate heir.&amp;nbsp; And on 20 
        July 1536, he received the devastating news that his only illegitimate 
        son, Henry Fitzroy, duke of Richmond, had died at the age of 17.&amp;nbsp; 
        There had always been the possibility that Fitzroy could have succeeded 
        him, but now Henry VIII was left with only two daughters, both declared 
        illegitimate.&amp;nbsp; It is certain that if Jane had not provided a son, 
        she would have been quickly discarded.&amp;nbsp; Personal affection could 
        not overcome political necessity. 
        &lt;P&gt;But Jane was able to provide the king with his fondest wish.&amp;nbsp; 
        And indeed the whole country wished for an heir; they had no desire to 
        return to ruinous civil war.&amp;nbsp; 
        &lt;P&gt;Rumors of her pregnancy began almost immediately after her 
        marriage.&amp;nbsp; But it wasn't early 1537 that rumors could finally be 
        confirmed as fact.&amp;nbsp; The London chronicler Edward Hall recorded 
        public rejoicing at news of Jane's quickening:&amp;nbsp; 'On 27 May 
        1537, Trinity Sunday, there was a Te Deum sung in St Paul's cathedral 
        for joy at the queen's quickening of her child, my lord chancellor, lord 
        privy seal and various other lords and bishops being then present; the 
        mayor and aldermen with the best guilds of the city being there in their 
        liveries, all giving laud and praise to God for joy about it.' 
        &lt;P&gt;Bonfires were lit and celebrations held throughout England; prayers 
        were offered for a safe delivery.&amp;nbsp; In early October, Jane went to 
        Hampton Court Palace for her lying-in and on 12 October, after a long 
        and difficult labor, she gave birth to the wished-for son.&amp;nbsp; It was 
        the eve of St Edward's day and so he was baptized by that name on 15 
        October.&amp;nbsp; His two half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, attended the 
        splendid christening ceremony.&amp;nbsp; Mary stood as godmother; Elizabeth 
        was carried in the arms of Thomas Seymour, Jane's brother who would 
        later plan to marry her.&amp;nbsp; Her grandfather, Thomas Boleyn, also 
        attended the ceremony. 
        &lt;P&gt;After 29 years as king of England, Henry VIII finally had a 
        legitimate male heir.&amp;nbsp; Past grievances could be forgotten at this 
        grand moment. 
        &lt;P&gt;Jane did not savor her success for long.&amp;nbsp; The christening 
        ceremony had begun in her bedchamber; she was wrapped in robes and 
        carried on a litter to the king's chapel.&amp;nbsp; She was able to 
        participate but the long ordeal proved too much.&amp;nbsp; She was already 
        weak and exhausted; she needed quiet and rest and received 
        neither.&amp;nbsp; Only a day later, it was reported that the queen was very 
        ill.&amp;nbsp; Her condition quickly worsened.&amp;nbsp; She was delirious and 
        had a&amp;nbsp; high fever; doctors bled her and attendants hastened to 
        fulfill her craving for sweets and wine.&amp;nbsp; The king's chief minister 
        Cromwell would later blame the sweets for her death but they did little 
        to harm Jane.&amp;nbsp; Modern historians believe she had puerperal sepsis, 
        or 'childbed fever'.&amp;nbsp; It was all too common in the 16th century. 
        &lt;P&gt;It was later rumored that she died from complications of a Cesarean 
        section, that Henry VIII had ordered the child ripped from her womb, but this was unlikely.&amp;nbsp; There were no reports that she was 
        bleeding excessively and she was able to attend the christening and 
        greet visitors.&amp;nbsp; Sadly, Jane was a victim of her times.&amp;nbsp; Poor 
        hygiene and medical knowledge could not stop the fever which finally 
        killed her near midnight on 24 October. 
        &lt;P&gt;Jane's early death, at the moment of her great triumph, and her 
        gentle character had an enduring hold on Henry VIII's memory.&amp;nbsp; She 
        was given a solemn state funeral; Princess Mary acted as her chief 
        mourner.&amp;nbsp; In her short time as queen, Jane had attempted to 
        reconcile Henry and his stubborn daughter.&amp;nbsp; Her body was embalmed 
        and laid to rest in the tomb at Windsor Castle which Henry was building 
        for himself.&amp;nbsp; Years after her death, even while he was married to 
        other women, Jane continued to appear in royal portraits as queen 
        consort.&amp;nbsp; Her special status as mother to the heir was never 
        forgotten. 
        &lt;P&gt;The king wore black until well into 1538 and waited more than two 
        years to marry again.&amp;nbsp; This was the longest interval between 
        marriages during his reign.&amp;nbsp; &lt;BR&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;BR&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;BR&gt;
        &lt;CENTER&gt;
        &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;&lt;A 
        href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fwives.html&quot;&gt;to the Six 
        Wives main page&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;&lt;A 
        href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor.html&quot;&gt;to Tudor 
        England&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;
        &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fprimary.html&quot;&gt;to Primary 
        Sources&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;



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