source: other-projects/nightly-tasks/diffcol/trunk/model-collect/Web-Tudor/archives/HASH845f.dir/doc.xml@ 29498

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    <Metadata name="Author">Marilee Mongello</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="Content">The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="Page_topic">The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="Title">The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="FileFormat">HTML</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/fiveanne.html</Metadata>
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    <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Tudor period|Monarchs</Metadata>
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    &lt;td width=&quot;25%&quot; height=&quot;610&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot; height=&quot;610&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/boleynhoward.gif&quot; alt=&quot;The Boleyn-Howard Connection&quot; width=&quot;349&quot; height=&quot;262&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;Many

historians and biographers mention that Catherine Howard was related in

some way to Anne Boleyn.&amp;nbsp; Historically, they are joined by a gruesome

bond - they were the only two wives executed by King Henry VIII.&amp;nbsp; Catherine

married Henry just four years after Anne's execution; yet during those

four years, he had married two other women (Jane Seymour and Anne of Cleves.)
    &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;Catherine and Anne were first cousins.&amp;nbsp; Catherine's

father, Lord Edmund Howard, was the brother of Anne Boleyn's mother, Lady

Elizabeth Howard.&amp;nbsp; Edmund and Elizabeth were the children of Thomas

Howard, 2nd duke of Norfolk.&amp;nbsp; However, despite their close familial

ties, the two women never met.&amp;nbsp; There are many obvious reasons for

this - first of all, Anne was about fifteen years older than Catherine.&amp;nbsp;

Secondly, the Norfolk family was a tangled collection of cousins (far too

many to list here) and, since Catherine was one of many children of a poor

younger son, her status was relatively unimportant in the mid-1530s.&amp;nbsp;

Third, and perhaps most important, Anne Boleyn disliked her uncle Thomas

Howard, the 3rd duke of Norfolk (and formerly earl of Surrey) - he was

conniving, opportunistic, and arrogant.&amp;nbsp;  This perhaps affected her

relationships with all her Norfolk cousins; the only family member she

was noticeably close to was her brother, George.&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;Anne and Norfolk were

never close and he only barely managed to hide his dislike while she was

queen.&amp;nbsp; When she was arrested and tried, he made&amp;nbsp;haste

to distance himself from her at all costs.&amp;nbsp; He also attended her trial and 
    passed judgment against her.&amp;nbsp; His groveling was effective

- and still worked four years later when yet another niece (Catherine Howard)

was arrested.&amp;nbsp; At Catherine's arrest, virtually every member of the

Norfolk family was taken to the Tower - except the duke.&amp;nbsp; His frantic

letter to Henry VIII included insults of all his imprisoned relatives,

most importantly the 'abominable deeds' of Anne and Catherine.&amp;nbsp; He

was certainly an unappealing character but, unlike so many others, he managed

to survive in the treacherous Tudor court.&amp;nbsp; Later imprisoned and with

his goods seized by the king, Norfolk was condemned to death.&amp;nbsp; Luckily, and 
    ironically, Henry

VIII died without signing the warrant for his execution.&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;
    &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fboleyn.html&quot;&gt;to the Anne 
    Boleyn website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;
    &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fhoward.html&quot;&gt;to the 
    Catherine Howard website&lt;br&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td width=&quot;25%&quot; height=&quot;610&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
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