1 | ##########################################################################
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2 | #
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3 | # acronym.pm --
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4 | # A component of the Greenstone digital library software
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5 | # from the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the
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6 | # University of Waikato, New Zealand.
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7 | #
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8 | # Copyright (C) 1999 New Zealand Digital Library Project
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9 | #
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10 | # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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11 | # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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12 | # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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13 | # (at your option) any later version.
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14 | #
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15 | # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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16 | # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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17 | # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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18 | # GNU General Public License for more details.
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19 | #
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20 | # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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21 | # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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22 | # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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23 | #
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24 | ###########################################################################
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25 | # class to handle acronyms
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26 | ###########################################################################
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27 |
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28 | use strict;
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29 | use diagnostics;
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30 |
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31 | package acronym;
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32 |
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33 | ###########################################################################
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34 | # global variables
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35 | ###########################################################################
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36 | # valiables to control the recall/precision tradeoff
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37 |
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38 | #the maximum range to look for acronyms
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39 | my $max_offset = 30;
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40 | #acronyms must be upper case
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41 | my $upper_case = 1;
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42 | #acronym case must match
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43 | my $case_match = 1;
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44 | #minimum acronym length
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45 | my $min_def_length = 3;
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46 | #minimum acronym length
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47 | my $min_acro_length = 3;
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48 | #minimum acronym length saving
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49 | my $min_length_saving = 4;
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50 | #allow recusive acronyms
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51 | my $allow_recursive = "";
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52 |
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53 | my @stop_words = split / /, "OF AT THE IN TO AND";
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54 |
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55 | #the text split into an array, one word per element
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56 | my @split_text = ();
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57 | my @acronym_list = ();
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58 |
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59 | #the file to collate acronyms into
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60 | my $acronym_accumulate_file = $ENV{'GSDLCOLLECTDIR'} . "/etc/acronym_definitions.pm";
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61 | my $acronym_options_file = $ENV{'GSDLCOLLECTDIR'} . "/etc/acronym_options.pm";
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62 |
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63 | my %acronyms_found_in_collection = ();
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64 | my %acronyms_banned_from_collection = ();
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65 |
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66 | my $writing_acronyms = 1;
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67 | my $accumulate_acronyms = 1;
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68 | my $markup_accumulate_acronyms = 1;
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69 | my $markup_local_acronyms = 1;
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70 |
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71 |
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72 |
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73 | ###########################################################################
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74 | # file saving / loading stuff
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75 | ###########################################################################
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76 |
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77 | sub init_acronyms {
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78 |
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79 | my $file_text = "";
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80 | if (open ACRONYM_HANDLE, "<$acronym_options_file")
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81 | {
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82 | $file_text = do { local $/; <ACRONYM_HANDLE> };
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83 | }
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84 | if ($file_text eq "")
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85 | {
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86 | print STDERR "failed to open $acronym_options_file\n";
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87 | open ACRONYM_HANDLE, ">$acronym_options_file\n";
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88 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#Config file for acronym extraction. EDIT THIS FILE, it should\n";
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89 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#not be overridden by the software. It's read by GSDL using perl's\n";
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90 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#'eval' function, so pretty much anything that's valid in perl is \n";
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91 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#valid here.\n\n";
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92 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#Quite a few things here are defined in terms of recall and precision\n";
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93 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#which are the key measures from Information Retreval (IR). If you\n";
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94 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#don't understand recall and precision, any good IR textbook should\n";
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95 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#explain them fully \n\n";
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96 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#the maximum range to look for acronyms (raise to raise precision)\n";
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97 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "\$max_offset = 30;\n\n";
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98 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#acronyms must be upper case (0 = false, 1 = true)\n";
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99 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "\$upper_case = 1;\n\n";
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100 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#acronym case must match (0 = false, 1 = true)\n";
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101 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "\$case_match = 1;\n\n";
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102 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#minimum acronym length (raise to raise precision)\n";
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103 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "\$min_def_length = 3;\n\n";
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104 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#minimum acronym length (raise to raise precision)\n";
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105 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "\$min_acro_length = 3;\n\n";
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106 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#minimum acronym length saving (raise to raise precision)\n";
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107 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "\$min_length_saving = 4;\n\n";
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108 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#allow recusive acronyms (0 = false, 1 = true)\n";
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109 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "\$allow_recursive = 0;\n\n";
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110 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#stop words-words allowed in acronyms (the multi-lingual version\n";
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111 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#slows down acronym extraction slightly so is not the default)\n";
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112 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#\@stop_words = split / /, \"A OF AT THE IN TO AND VON BEI DER DIE DAS DEM DEN DES UND DE DU A LA LE LES L DANS ET S\";\n";
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113 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "\@stop_words = split / /, \"OF AT THE IN TO AND\";\n";
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114 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "\n";
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115 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#the file to collate acronyms into\n";
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116 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "\$acronym_accumulate_file = \"$ENV{'GSDLCOLLECTDIR'}\" . \"/etc/acronym_definitions.pm\";\n";
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117 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "\n";
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118 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "\$accumulate_acronyms = 1;\n\n";
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119 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "# any acronym definitions which should always be marked up can be copied here\n";
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120 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "# from the acronym_accumulate_file file ...\n";
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121 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "# \n";
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122 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "# \n";
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123 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "# \n";
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124 | }
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125 | eval $file_text;
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126 | #promotes warnings/errors from evaluated file to current context
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127 | warn $@ if $@;
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128 |
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129 |
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130 |
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131 | &read_all_acronyms_from_file();
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132 | # rename $acronym_file, $acronym_file . "." . int(rand (2<<7)).
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133 | # int(rand (2<<7)). int(rand (2<<7)). int(rand (2<<7));
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134 | if ($writing_acronyms && open ACRONYM_HANDLE, ">$acronym_accumulate_file")
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135 | {
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136 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#This is an automatically generated file.\n";
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137 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#\n";
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138 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#If you edit this file and it will be overwritten the next\n";
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139 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#time the acronym code runs unless you set the file to \n";
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140 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#read-only. \n";
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141 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#\n";
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142 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#start of acronyms...\n";
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143 | $writing_acronyms = 1;
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144 | } else {
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145 | warn "failed to open $acronym_accumulate_file for writing\n";
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146 | $writing_acronyms = 0;
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147 | }
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148 | }
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149 |
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150 | #close the list of accumulated acronyms
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151 | END {
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152 | if ($writing_acronyms)
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153 | {
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154 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "#end of acronyms.\n";
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155 | close ACRONYM_HANDLE;
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156 | }
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157 | }
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158 |
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159 | #eval a file of accumulated acronyms
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160 | sub read_all_acronyms_from_file {
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161 |
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162 | my $file_text = "";
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163 | if (open ACRONYM_HANDLE, "<$acronym_accumulate_file")
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164 | {
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165 | $file_text = do { local $/; <ACRONYM_HANDLE> };
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166 | } else {
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167 | print STDERR "failed to open $acronym_accumulate_file for reading (this is the first pass?).\n";
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168 | }
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169 | eval $file_text;
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170 | #promotes warnings/errors from evaluated file to current context
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171 | warn $@ if $@;
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172 | }
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173 |
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174 | #called from within the file of accumulated acronyms to indicate a good acronym
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175 | sub add {
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176 | my $self = shift (@_);
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177 | if (defined ($acronyms_found_in_collection{$self->[0]}))
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178 | {
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179 | my $def = $self->to_def_string();
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180 | if ($acronyms_found_in_collection{$self->[0]} =~ m/(^|\|)$def(\||$)/)
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181 | {
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182 | return;
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183 | }
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184 | $acronyms_found_in_collection{$self->[0]} =
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185 | $acronyms_found_in_collection{$self->[0]} . "|" . $self->to_def_string();
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186 | } else {
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187 | $acronyms_found_in_collection{$self->[0]} = $self->to_def_string();
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188 | }
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189 | }
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190 |
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191 | #called from within the file of accumulated acronyms to indicate a bad acronym
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192 | sub ban {
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193 | my $self = shift (@_);
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194 |
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195 | if (!defined $acronyms_banned_from_collection{$self->[0]})
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196 | {
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197 | $acronyms_banned_from_collection{$self->[0]} = $self->to_def_string();
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198 | } else {
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199 | $acronyms_banned_from_collection{$self->[0]} = $acronyms_banned_from_collection{$self->[0]} . "|" . $self->to_def_string();
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200 | }
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201 | }
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202 |
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203 |
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204 | #write a good acronym to the accumulated acronyms file
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205 | sub write_to_file {
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206 | my $self = shift (@_);
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207 | if ($writing_acronyms)
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208 | {
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209 | print ACRONYM_HANDLE "new acronym(\"$self->[0]\",\"" .
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210 | $self->to_def_string() .
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211 | "\")->add();\n";
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212 | }
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213 | }
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214 |
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215 |
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216 | ###########################################################################
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217 | # mark functionality
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218 | ###########################################################################
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219 |
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220 | #small routine to sort by length
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221 | sub sort_by_length {
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222 | length($b) <=> length($a) or $a cmp $b
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223 | }
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224 |
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225 | sub markup_acronyms {
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226 | my $text = shift (@_);
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227 | my $verbosity_obj = shift (@_);
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228 | if (defined $text)
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229 | {
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230 | for my $acro (sort sort_by_length keys %acronyms_found_in_collection)
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231 | {
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232 | $text =~ s/^((?:[^\<\n]|(?:\<[^\>\n]*\>))*)$acro([^\<A-Z])/$1$acro\<img src=\"\" width=8 height=8 alt=\"$acronyms_found_in_collection{$acro}\"\>$2/gm;
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233 | printf STDERR " " . $acro . ","
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234 | if ($verbosity_obj->{'verbosity'} >= 2);
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235 | }
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236 | }
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237 | return $text;
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238 | }
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239 |
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240 |
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241 |
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242 | ###########################################################################
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243 | # member functions
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244 | ###########################################################################
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245 |
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246 |
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247 | sub new {
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248 | my $trash = shift (@_);
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249 | my $acro = shift (@_);
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250 | my $def = shift (@_);
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251 |
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252 | my $self = [
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253 | "", # 0 acronym
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254 | [], # 1 definition
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255 | ];
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256 |
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257 | $self->[0] = $acro if defined $acro;
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258 | push @{$self->[1]}, split / /, $def if defined $def;
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259 |
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260 | bless $self;
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261 | }
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262 |
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263 | sub clone {
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264 | my $self = shift (@_);
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265 |
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266 | my $copy = new acronym;
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267 |
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268 | $copy->[0] = $self->[0];
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269 | push @{$copy->[1]}, @{$self->[1]};
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270 | bless $copy;
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271 |
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272 | return $copy;
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273 | }
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274 |
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275 | #return the acronym
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276 | sub to_acronym {
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277 | my $self = shift (@_);
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278 | my @array = @{$self->[1]};
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279 |
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280 | return $self->[0];
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281 | }
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282 |
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283 | #return the number of words in the acronym definition
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284 | sub words_in_acronym_definition {
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285 | my $self = shift (@_);
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286 | my @array = @{$self->[1]};
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287 |
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288 | return $#array + 1;
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289 | }
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290 |
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291 | #return the number of letters in the acronym definition
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292 | sub letters_in_acronym_definition {
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293 | my $self = shift (@_);
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294 |
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295 | return length($self->to_def_string());
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296 | }
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297 |
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298 | #return the number of letters in the acronym definition
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299 | sub letters_in_acronym {
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300 | my $self = shift (@_);
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301 |
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302 | return length($self->to_acronym());
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303 | }
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304 |
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305 | #return the acronym definition
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306 | sub to_def_string {
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307 | my $self = shift (@_);
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308 |
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309 | my $result = "";
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310 |
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311 | # do the definition
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312 | my @array = @{$self->[1]};
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313 | my $i = 0;
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314 | while ($i <= $#array)
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315 | {
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316 | $result = $result . $array[$i];
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317 |
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318 | if ($i+1 <= $#array)
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319 | {
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320 | $result = $result . " ";
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321 | }
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322 | $i++;
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323 | }
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324 | return $result;
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325 | }
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326 |
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327 |
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328 | #print out the kwic for the acronym
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329 | sub to_string_kwic {
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330 | my $self = shift (@_);
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331 |
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332 | # the list of all possible combinations
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333 | my @list = ();
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334 |
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335 | my $result = "";
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336 |
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337 | my $j = 0;
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338 | my @array = @{$self->[1]};
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339 | while ($j <= $#array)
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340 | {
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341 |
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342 | # do the definition
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343 | my $i = 0;
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344 |
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345 | #add the key word
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346 | $result = "<td halign=left>" . $array[$j] . "</td><td halign=right>";
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347 |
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348 | #add the proceeding words
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349 | while ($i < $j)
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350 | {
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351 | $result = $result . $array[$i] . " ";
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352 | $i++;
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353 | }
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354 | #add the key word
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355 | $result = $result . "</td><td halign=left>" . $array[$j] .
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356 | "</td><td halign=left>";
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357 |
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358 | #add the trailing words
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359 | $i++;
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360 | while ($i <= $#array )
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361 | {
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362 | $result = $result . $array[$i] . " ";
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363 | $i++;
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364 | }
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365 |
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366 | #add the actual acronym
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367 |
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368 | $result = $result . "</td><td halign=left>" . $self->[0] . "</td>";
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369 |
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370 | push @list, $result;
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371 | $j++;
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372 | }
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373 | return @list;
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374 | }
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375 |
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376 | #this is the one used when building the collection ...
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377 | sub to_string {
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378 | my $self = shift (@_);
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379 |
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380 | my $result = $self->[0] . " ";
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381 |
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382 | # do the definition
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383 | my @array = @{$self->[1]};
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384 | my $i = 0;
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385 | while ($i <= $#array)
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386 | {
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387 | $result = $result . $array[$i];
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388 | if ($i+1 <= $#array)
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389 | {
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390 | $result = $result . " ";
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391 | }
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392 | $i++;
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393 | }
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394 | return $result;
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395 | }
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396 |
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397 | sub check {
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398 | my $self = shift (@_);
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399 |
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400 | if (length($self->to_acronym()) < $min_acro_length)
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401 | {
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402 | # print "acronym " . $self->to_string() . " rejected (too short I)\n";
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403 | return 0;
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404 | }
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405 | if ($self->words_in_acronym_definition() < $min_def_length)
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406 | {
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407 | # print "acronym " . $self->to_string() . " rejected (too short II)\n";
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408 | return 0;
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409 | }
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410 | if ($min_length_saving * $self->letters_in_acronym() >
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411 | $self->letters_in_acronym_definition())
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412 | {
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413 | # print "acronym " . $self->to_string() . " rejected (too short III)\n";
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414 | # print "" . $min_length_saving .
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415 | # "|" . $self->letters_in_acronym() .
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416 | # "|" . $self->letters_in_acronym_definition() . "\n";
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417 | return 0;
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418 | }
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419 | # print "acronym " . $self->to_string() . " not rejected\n";
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420 | return 1;
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421 | }
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422 |
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423 | ###########################################################################
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424 | # static functions
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425 | ###########################################################################
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426 |
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427 | sub recurse {
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428 | my ($acro_offset, #offset of word we're finding acronyms for
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429 | $text_offset,
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430 | $letter_offset,
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431 | @def_so_far) = @_;
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432 |
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433 | my $word = $split_text[$text_offset];
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434 | my $acro = $split_text[$acro_offset];
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435 | $word = "" if !defined $word;
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436 | $acro = "" if !defined $acro;
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437 |
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438 | # print "recurse(" . $acro_offset . ", " . $text_offset . ", " .
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439 | # $letter_offset . ", " . @def_so_far . ")\n";
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440 |
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441 | #check for termination ...
|
---|
442 | if ($letter_offset >= length($acro))
|
---|
443 | {
|
---|
444 | my $acronym = new acronym();
|
---|
445 | $acronym->[0] = $acro;
|
---|
446 | push @{$acronym->[1]}, @def_so_far;
|
---|
447 | if ($acronym->check())
|
---|
448 | {
|
---|
449 | push @acronym_list, ( $acronym );
|
---|
450 | }
|
---|
451 | # print "acronym created\n";
|
---|
452 | return;
|
---|
453 | }
|
---|
454 | #check for recursion
|
---|
455 | if (!$allow_recursive)
|
---|
456 | {
|
---|
457 | if ($word eq $acro)
|
---|
458 | {
|
---|
459 | # print "recursion detected\n";
|
---|
460 | return;
|
---|
461 | }
|
---|
462 | }
|
---|
463 |
|
---|
464 | #skip a stop-word
|
---|
465 | my $i = 0;
|
---|
466 | if ($letter_offset != 0)
|
---|
467 | {
|
---|
468 | while ($i <= $#stop_words)
|
---|
469 | {
|
---|
470 | if ($stop_words[$i] eq uc($word))
|
---|
471 | {
|
---|
472 | # print "::found stop word::" . $stop_words[$i] . "\n";
|
---|
473 | &recurse($acro_offset,
|
---|
474 | $text_offset+1,
|
---|
475 | $letter_offset,
|
---|
476 | @def_so_far, $word);
|
---|
477 | }
|
---|
478 | $i++;
|
---|
479 | }
|
---|
480 | }
|
---|
481 | $i = 1;
|
---|
482 | #using the first $i letters ...
|
---|
483 | while ($letter_offset+$i <= length($acro) )
|
---|
484 | {
|
---|
485 | # print "". ((substr $word, 0, $i) . " " .
|
---|
486 | # (substr $acro, $letter_offset, $i) . "\n");
|
---|
487 | if (((!$case_match) &&
|
---|
488 | (uc(substr $word, 0, $i) eq
|
---|
489 | uc(substr $acro, $letter_offset, $i)))
|
---|
490 | ||
|
---|
491 | (($case_match) &&
|
---|
492 | ((substr $word, 0, $i) eq
|
---|
493 | (substr $acro, $letter_offset, $i))))
|
---|
494 | {
|
---|
495 | # print "::match::\n";
|
---|
496 | # print "" . ((substr $word, 0, $i) . " " .
|
---|
497 | # (substr $acro, $letter_offset, $i) . "\n");
|
---|
498 | &recurse($acro_offset,
|
---|
499 | $text_offset+1,
|
---|
500 | $letter_offset+$i,
|
---|
501 | @def_so_far, $word);
|
---|
502 | } else {
|
---|
503 | return;
|
---|
504 | }
|
---|
505 | $i++;
|
---|
506 | }
|
---|
507 | return;
|
---|
508 | }
|
---|
509 |
|
---|
510 |
|
---|
511 | sub acronyms {
|
---|
512 | #clean up the text
|
---|
513 | my $processed_text = shift @_;
|
---|
514 | $$processed_text =~ s/[^A-Za-z]/ /g;
|
---|
515 | $$processed_text =~ s/\s+/ /g;
|
---|
516 |
|
---|
517 | #clear some global variables
|
---|
518 | @split_text = ();
|
---|
519 | @acronym_list = ();
|
---|
520 |
|
---|
521 | return &acronyms_from_clean_text($processed_text);
|
---|
522 | }
|
---|
523 |
|
---|
524 | sub acronyms_from_clean_text {
|
---|
525 | my ($processed_text) = @_;
|
---|
526 |
|
---|
527 | @split_text = split / /, $$processed_text;
|
---|
528 |
|
---|
529 | # my $i = 0;
|
---|
530 | # while ($i <= $#split_text)
|
---|
531 | # {
|
---|
532 | # print $split_text[$i] . "\n";
|
---|
533 | # $i++;
|
---|
534 | # }
|
---|
535 |
|
---|
536 | my $first = 0;
|
---|
537 | my $last = $#split_text +1;
|
---|
538 | my $acro_counter = $first;
|
---|
539 |
|
---|
540 | while ($acro_counter < $last)
|
---|
541 | {
|
---|
542 | my $word = $split_text[$acro_counter];
|
---|
543 |
|
---|
544 | if ((!$upper_case) ||
|
---|
545 | (uc($word) eq $word))
|
---|
546 | {
|
---|
547 |
|
---|
548 | if (length $word >= $min_acro_length)
|
---|
549 | {
|
---|
550 | my $def_counter = 0;
|
---|
551 | if ($acro_counter - $max_offset > 0)
|
---|
552 | {
|
---|
553 | $def_counter = $acro_counter - $max_offset;
|
---|
554 | }
|
---|
555 | my $local_last = $acro_counter + $max_offset;
|
---|
556 | if ($local_last > $last)
|
---|
557 | {
|
---|
558 | $local_last = $last;
|
---|
559 | }
|
---|
560 | while ($def_counter <= $local_last)
|
---|
561 | {
|
---|
562 | &recurse($acro_counter,$def_counter,0,());
|
---|
563 | $def_counter++;
|
---|
564 | }
|
---|
565 | }
|
---|
566 | }
|
---|
567 | $acro_counter++;
|
---|
568 | }
|
---|
569 |
|
---|
570 | return \@acronym_list;
|
---|
571 | }
|
---|
572 |
|
---|
573 |
|
---|
574 |
|
---|
575 | sub test {
|
---|
576 |
|
---|
577 | # my $blarg = new acronym();
|
---|
578 | # my $simple;
|
---|
579 | # $simple = 10;
|
---|
580 | # $blarg->initialise($simple, $simple, $simple);
|
---|
581 | # my $blarg2 = $blarg->clone();
|
---|
582 | # print $blarg->to_string();
|
---|
583 | # print $blarg2;
|
---|
584 | # print "\n";
|
---|
585 | #
|
---|
586 | my $tla = new acronym();
|
---|
587 | $tla->[0] = "TLA";
|
---|
588 |
|
---|
589 | my @array = ("Three", "Letter", "Acronym");
|
---|
590 | # my $i = 0;
|
---|
591 | # while ($i <= $#array)
|
---|
592 | # {
|
---|
593 | # print @array[$i] . "\n";
|
---|
594 | # $i++;
|
---|
595 | # }
|
---|
596 |
|
---|
597 | print "\n";
|
---|
598 | push @{$tla->[1]}, ("Three" );
|
---|
599 | push @{$tla->[1]}, ("Letter" );
|
---|
600 | push @{$tla->[1]}, ("Acronym" );
|
---|
601 | print $tla->to_string(). "\n";
|
---|
602 | print "\n";
|
---|
603 | print "\n";
|
---|
604 | my $tla2 = $tla->clone();
|
---|
605 | push @{$tla2->[1]}, ("One");
|
---|
606 | push @{$tla2->[1]}, ("Two");
|
---|
607 | $tla2->[0] = "ALT";
|
---|
608 | print $tla->to_string(). "\n";
|
---|
609 | print $tla2->to_string(). "\n";
|
---|
610 |
|
---|
611 | print "\n";
|
---|
612 | print "\n";
|
---|
613 |
|
---|
614 | print "Testing recursion ...\n";
|
---|
615 | my $acros = &acronyms("TLA Three Letter Acronym in tla TlA");
|
---|
616 |
|
---|
617 | foreach my $acro (@$acros)
|
---|
618 | {
|
---|
619 | if ($acro->check)
|
---|
620 | {
|
---|
621 | print "accepted: " .$acro->to_string() . "\n";
|
---|
622 | # print "|" . $acro->to_acronym() . "|" . $acro->to_def_string() .
|
---|
623 | # "|" . $acro->words_in_acronym_definition() .
|
---|
624 | # "|" . $acro->letters_in_acronym_definition() .
|
---|
625 | # "|" . $acro->letters_in_acronym() . "|\n";
|
---|
626 | } else {
|
---|
627 | # print "found but rejected: " .$acro->to_string() . "\n";
|
---|
628 | }
|
---|
629 | }
|
---|
630 | }
|
---|
631 |
|
---|
632 | #uncomment this line to test this package
|
---|
633 | #&test();
|
---|
634 |
|
---|
635 | &init_acronyms();
|
---|
636 |
|
---|
637 | 1;
|
---|
638 |
|
---|
639 |
|
---|