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| 7 | content="16th century England Tudor England FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Tudor England">
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| 8 | <title>Tudor England FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions about Tudor
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| 9 | England</title>
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| 46 | <img border="0"
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| 47 | src="faqnew.gif" width="621"
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| 48 | height="129" alt="Tudor England FAQ Frequently Asked Questions"></p>
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| 49 | <p align="center"><b><font face="Arial" size="2">Simply click on
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| 50 | a question and you will be taken to the answer.</font></b></p>
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| 51 | <p align="center"> </p>
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| 52 | <p>
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| 53 | <img border="2" src="imagesbw.jpg" align="left" alt="black-and-white version of the van de Passe etching of Queen Elizabeth I" width="200" height="313"><a name="Top"></a><b><font face="Arial" size="+1">General
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| 54 | Questions</font></b><br>
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| 55 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 56 | href="faq.html#One">Who were the
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| 57 | Tudors?</a></font></b><br>
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| 58 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 59 | href="faq.html#Two">When did they rule
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| 60 | England?</a></font></b><br>
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| 61 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 62 | href="faq.html#Three">Why are they so
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| 63 | famous?</a></font></b><br>
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| 64 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 65 | href="faq.html#Four">What did they
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| 66 | accomplish?</a></font></b><br>
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| 67 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 68 | href="faq.html#Five">Can you give me a
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| 69 | brief history of Tudor England?</a></font></b></p>
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| 70 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 71 | href="faq.html#Tree">Where can I view
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| 72 | the Tudor family tree?</a></font></b><br>
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| 73 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 74 | href="faq.html#Six">Where can I look
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| 75 | at portraits of the Tudors?</a></font></b><br>
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| 76 | <a href="faq.html#Rose"><b><font
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| 77 | face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">What is the 'Tudor Rose'?</font></b></a></p>
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| 78 | <p>
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| 79 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 80 | href="faq.html#Fourty-nine">Does this
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| 81 | website have a search engine?</a></font></b><br>
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| 82 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 83 | href="faq.html#Fifty">I am quoting
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| 84 | from this website for my paper / report. How do I correctly cite
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| 85 | the source?<br>
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| 86 | </a><a href="faq.html#Update">When
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| 87 | was the site last updated?<br>
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| 88 | </a></font></b></p>
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| 89 | <p><font face="Arial"><b><font size="+1"><br>Specific Questions</font></b></font><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 90 | href="faq.html#Seven"><br>
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| 91 | Was Henry VII really a miser?</a><a
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| 92 | href="faq.html#Eight"><br>
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| 93 | Did Elizabeth of York really hate Henry VII?</a><a
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| 94 | href="faq.html#Nine"><br>
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| 95 | Did Prince Arthur and Katharine of Aragon consummate their marriage?</a></font></b>
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| 96 | </p>
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| 97 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 98 | href="faq.html#Ten">Why did Henry VIII
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| 99 | have six wives?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 100 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 101 | href="faq.html#Ten-a">Who were the six
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| 102 | wives?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 103 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 104 | href="faq.html#Eleven">Did Henry VIII
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| 105 | really murder all his wives?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 106 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 107 | href="faq.html#Eleven-a">What was the
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| 108 | 'King's Great Matter'?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 109 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 110 | href="faq.html#Eleven-b">What was the
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| 111 | Reformation?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 112 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 113 | href="faq.html#Twelve">How did Henry
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| 114 | VIII die?</a></font></b> </p>
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| 115 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"> <a
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| 116 | href="faq.html#Thirteen">How did
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| 117 | Katharine of Aragon die?</a><br>
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| 118 | </font><font face="Arial"> <a
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| 119 | href="faq.html#Thirteena">Why do you
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| 120 | spell Katharine's name as you do?</a> (And why do you spell
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| 121 | Catherine Howard and Katharine Parr's differently?)</font></b></p>
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| 122 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 123 | href="faq.html#Fourteen">Was Anne
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| 124 | Boleyn really a witch? Did she have an extra finger? Did
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| 125 | she really commit adultery and have an incestuous affair with her
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| 126 | brother? How many times was she pregnant as Queen?</a></font></b>
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| 127 | <br>
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| 128 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 129 | href="faq.html#Fifteen">Where is Anne
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| 130 | Boleyn buried?</a></font></b> </p>
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| 131 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 132 | href="faq.html#Sixteen">Did Jane
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| 133 | Seymour die of complications from a Caesarean section?</a></font></b> </p>
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| 134 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 135 | href="faq.html#Seventeen">Was Anne of
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| 136 | Cleves really that ugly?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 137 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 138 | href="faq.html#Eighteen">What happened
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| 139 | to Anne of Cleves after Henry divorced her?</a></font></b> </p>
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| 140 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 141 | href="faq.html#Nineteen">Did Catherine
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| 142 | Howard commit adultery while Queen of England?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 143 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 144 | href="faq.html#Twenty">Where is
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| 145 | Catherine Howard buried?</a></font></b> </p>
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| 146 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 147 | href="faq.html#Twenty-one">How many
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| 148 | times was Katharine Parr married?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 149 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 150 | href="faq.html#Twenty-two">Was
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| 151 | Katharine Parr imprisoned by Henry VIII?</a></font></b> </p>
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| 152 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 153 | href="faq.html#Twenty-three">What
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| 154 | happened to Henry VIII's sisters, Margaret and Mary Tudor?</a></font></b>
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| 155 | </p>
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| 156 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 157 | href="faq.html#Twenty-four">Did Henry
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| 158 | VIII execute a lot of people?</a></font></b> </p>
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| 159 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 160 | href="faq.html#Twenty-five">Did Henry
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| 161 | VIII have a legitimate reason to divorce Katharine of Aragon?</a></font></b>
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| 162 | </p>
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| 163 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 164 | href="faq.html#Twenty-six">How did
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| 165 | Edward VI die?</a></font></b> </p>
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| 166 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 167 | href="faq.html#Six-a">Who is the 'Nine
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| 168 | Days Queen'?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 169 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 170 | href="faq.html#Twenty-seven">Did Lady
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| 171 | Jane Grey want to be Queen of England?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 172 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 173 | href="faq.html#Twenty-eight">Did Lady
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| 174 | Jane Grey love her husband?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 175 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 176 | href="faq.html#Twenty-nine">Where is
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| 177 | Lady Jane Grey buried?</a></font></b> </p>
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| 178 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 179 | href="faq.html#Thirty">Why is Mary I
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| 180 | called 'Bloody Mary'?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 181 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 182 | href="faq.html#Thirty-a">Are there two
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| 183 | Mary Tudors at this site?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 184 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 185 | href="faq.html#Thirty-one">Did Mary I
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| 186 | really hate her half-sister, Elizabeth?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 187 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 188 | href="faq.html#Thirty-two">Was Mary I
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| 189 | ever pregnant during her marriage to Philip of Spain?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 190 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 191 | href="faq.html#Thirty-three">What were
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| 192 | Mary I's last words?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 193 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 194 | href="faq.html#Thirty-four">Where is
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| 195 | Mary I buried?</a></font></b> </p>
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| 196 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 197 | href="faq.html#Thirty-five">Was
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| 198 | Elizabeth I truly a great queen - or did her ministers do all the work?</a></font></b>
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| 199 | <br>
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| 200 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 201 | href="faq.html#Thirty-six">How smart
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| 202 | was Elizabeth I?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 203 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 204 | href="faq.html#Thirty-seven">Did
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| 205 | Elizabeth ever plan to marry anyone?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 206 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 207 | href="faq.html#Thirty-eight">Was
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| 208 | Elizabeth really a 'Virgin Queen'? Did she have secret lovers
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| 209 | and/or children?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 210 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 211 | href="faq.html#Thirty-nine">Why is the
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| 212 | 1588 battle with the Spanish Armada so famous?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 213 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 214 | href="faq.html#Fourty">Why are there
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| 215 | so many portraits of Elizabeth I?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 216 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 217 | href="faq.html#Fourty-one">Where is
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| 218 | Elizabeth I buried?</a></font></b> </p>
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| 219 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 220 | href="faq.html#Fourty-two">Why was
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| 221 | Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 222 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 223 | href="faq.html#Fourty-two-a">How long
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| 224 | was Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 225 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 226 | href="faq.html#Fourty-three">Are Mary,
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| 227 | queen of Scots and Mary Tudor the same person?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 228 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 229 | href="faq.html#Fourty-four">Why did
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| 230 | Elizabeth I have Mary, queen of Scots killed?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 231 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 232 | href="faq.html#Fourty-five">Was Mary,
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| 233 | queen of Scots guilty of the crimes for which she was executed?</a></font></b>
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| 234 | <br>
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| 235 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"> <a
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| 236 | href="faq.html#Fourty-six">Where is
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| 237 | Mary, queen of Scots buried?</a><br>
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| 238 | <a href="faq.html#Fourty-sixa">Why
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| 239 | is Mary, queen of Scots's last name sometimes spelled 'Stewart' and
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| 240 | other times 'Stuart'?</a></font></b><a
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| 241 | href="faq.html#Fourty-sixa"> </a> </p>
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| 242 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 243 | href="faq.html#Fourty-seven">Why did
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| 244 | Elizabeth I leave her throne to James I of Scotland?</a></font></b> <br>
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| 245 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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| 246 | href="faq.html#Fourty-eight">What
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| 247 | dynasty followed the Tudors?</a></font></b></p>
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| 248 | <blockquote>
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| 249 | <hr width="100%"> </blockquote>
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| 250 | <p><br>
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| 251 | <a name="One"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Who were the
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| 252 | Tudors?</font></b> <br>
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| 253 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Tudors were a Welsh-English
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| 254 | family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603. Henry Tudor was the
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| 255 | son of Margaret Beaufort, who was descended from King Edward III
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| 256 | through an illegitimate line, and Edmund Tudor, the son of Princess
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| 257 | Catherine of Valois and her second husband, Owen Tudor. Through
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| 258 | Catherine of Valois, Jasper was the half-brother of the last
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| 259 | Lancastrian king, Henry VI. The Yorkist branch of the Plantagenet
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| 260 | dynasty would eventually seize the throne from the incompetent Henry
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| 261 | VI, but their reign ended when Richard III was killed at the battle of
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| 262 | Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. Henry Tudor then claimed the
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| 263 | throne as King Henry VII. He promptly married Elizabeth of York,
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| 264 | daughter of the only successful Yorkist king, Edward IV, and niece of
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| 265 | Richard III.</font> <br>
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| 266 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Henry VII and Elizabeth of York's
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| 267 | second son, three of their grandchildren and one of their
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| 268 | great-grandchildren, would rule England as part of the Tudor
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| 269 | dynasty. When their rule ended, the throne passed to the Scottish
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| 270 | branch of their family - James I was the great-grandson of their
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| 271 | daughter, Margaret Tudor.</font></p>
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| 272 | <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Visit <a
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| 273 | href="http://englishhistory.net/tudor/genealog.html">Tudor Genealogy</a>
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| 274 | for more information.</font> <br>
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| 275 | <font size="-2"><a
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| 276 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
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| 277 | </p>
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| 278 | <p><a name="Two"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">When did
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| 279 | they rule England?</font></b> <br>
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| 280 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Tudors ruled England from 1485
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| 281 | to 1603.</font> <br>
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| 282 | <font size="-2"><a
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| 283 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
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| 284 | </p>
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| 285 | <p><a name="Three"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why are
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| 286 | they so famous?</font></b> <br>
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| 287 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Tudors are famous because their
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| 288 | dynasty was full of colorful characters and big events. Henry
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| 289 | VIII and his six wives.... the English reformation.... the tragic tale
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| 290 | of Lady Jane Grey.... the great intelligence of Elizabeth I and the
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| 291 | artistic accomplishments of her reign.... During the sixteenth
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| 292 | century, England emerged from the medieval world. It was a time
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| 293 | of great change, most notably it marked the end of the Catholic church
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| 294 | in England. There was an attendant rise in nationalism, a new
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| 295 | spirit of confidence and patriotism swept the country. Great
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| 296 | naval exploits began the great English seafaring tradition.
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| 297 | Whether as pirates or officers or explorers, Elizabethan sailors
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| 298 | controlled the seas. And besides the political and religious
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| 299 | changes, the Tudors themselves were interesting and complex people.</font>
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| 300 | <br>
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| 301 | <font size="-2"><a
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| 302 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
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| 303 | </p>
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| 304 | <p><a name="Four"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What did
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| 305 | they accomplish?</font></b> <br>
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| 306 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Tudors were able to establish
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| 307 | England as a world power. They did so by positioning their
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| 308 | country as a peace-maker between the dueling powers of France and
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| 309 | Spain/the Holy Roman Empire. They also gave England a century of
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| 310 | dynastic stability. With the exception of Lady Jane Grey's brief
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| 311 | reign and Catholic attempts to place Mary, queen of Scots on Elizabeth
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| 312 | I's throne, most Tudor monarchs came to the throne - and remained on
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| 313 | the throne - unchallenged. This lengthy period of peace allowed
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| 314 | England a much-needed respite from the Lancastrian-Yorkist wars.
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| 315 | Government ran more efficiently; royal power replaced that of
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| 316 | aristocrats and there was a uniform system of justice and taxation
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| 317 | throughout the country. And, as always in times of peace, the
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| 318 | arts flourished.</font> <br>
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| 319 | <font size="-2"><a
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| 320 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
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| 321 | </p>
|
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| 322 | <p><a name="Five"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Can you
|
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| 323 | give me a brief history of Tudor England?</font></b> <br>
|
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| 324 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Tudor England began when Henry VII
|
|---|
| 325 | became king in 1485. There were five Tudor monarchs, not counting
|
|---|
| 326 | Lady Jane Grey who ruled for just nine days. The monarchs were,
|
|---|
| 327 | in order, Henry VII (ruled from 1485 to 1509), his son Henry VIII
|
|---|
| 328 | (ruled from 1509 to 1547), Edward VI, son of Henry VIII (ruled from
|
|---|
| 329 | 1547 to 1553), Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII (ruled from 1553 to
|
|---|
| 330 | 1558), and Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII (ruled from 1558 to
|
|---|
| 331 | 1603.) The most powerful Tudor monarchs were Henry VIII and
|
|---|
| 332 | Elizabeth I, though she was far more beloved of the English
|
|---|
| 333 | people. Both were powerful personalities who were able to control
|
|---|
| 334 | their squabbling councilors and answer the demands of an increasingly
|
|---|
| 335 | vocal Parliament. Under Henry VII, the English government came to
|
|---|
| 336 | be more stabilized and centralized. Under Henry VIII, English
|
|---|
| 337 | authority was tested on the Continent, though even military victories
|
|---|
| 338 | were too costly to maintain. A great victory over Scotland early
|
|---|
| 339 | in his reign (1513) was most notable; the attendant confusion of its
|
|---|
| 340 | northern neighbor was beneficial for England. Henry VIII's
|
|---|
| 341 | desperate quest for a legitimate heir led to <a
|
|---|
| 342 | href="faq.html#Eleven-b">the
|
|---|
| 343 | Reformation</a>; this was the end of the Catholic church's authority in
|
|---|
| 344 | England. The king, unable to obtain an annulment, declared
|
|---|
| 345 | himself Supreme Head of a new English church. He also sold or
|
|---|
| 346 | destroyed most church property in England. His son, Edward VI,
|
|---|
| 347 | was just a child when he inherited the throne but already known for his
|
|---|
| 348 | piety and serious nature. His councilors continued to strengthen
|
|---|
| 349 | the Protestant state, but their plans were dashed when Edward died at
|
|---|
| 350 | 16 years of age. An attempt to place his Protestant cousin, Lady
|
|---|
| 351 | Jane Grey, on the throne instead of the Catholic Princess Mary
|
|---|
| 352 | failed. Mary was declared queen to great acclaim; she was
|
|---|
| 353 | originally very popular even with the Protestants. But a policy
|
|---|
| 354 | of religious persecution, a hated marriage with Philip of Spain, and
|
|---|
| 355 | bad agricultural conditions (as well as the debt she had inherited from
|
|---|
| 356 | her father and brother) soon made Mary broken-hearted and
|
|---|
| 357 | disliked. She was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth, who
|
|---|
| 358 | was a religious pragmatist and passionately devoted to her
|
|---|
| 359 | country. Elizabeth's policy of toleration was extended to both
|
|---|
| 360 | the religious and political spheres. Above all else, she avoided
|
|---|
| 361 | extremism at all costs. She often prevaricated over major
|
|---|
| 362 | decisions, unwilling to commit to an action before all diplomatic
|
|---|
| 363 | attempts failed. This infuriated many of her advisors, but it
|
|---|
| 364 | also gave her country the religious and political peace it needed to
|
|---|
| 365 | thrive. Her reign was marked by the great victory over the
|
|---|
| 366 | Spanish Armada in 1588, the artistic achievements of men such as
|
|---|
| 367 | Shakespeare and Bacon, and English exploration and colonization of
|
|---|
| 368 | North America.</font><br>
|
|---|
| 369 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 370 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
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| 371 | <br>
|
|---|
| 372 | </p>
|
|---|
| 373 | <p><b><font face="Arial"><a name="Tree"></a>Where can I view the
|
|---|
| 374 | Tudor family tree?</font></b><br>
|
|---|
| 375 | <font face="Arial">Visit the <a
|
|---|
| 376 | href="genealogy.html">Tudor Genealogy</a>
|
|---|
| 377 | site. It has a graphic image of the family tree and a more
|
|---|
| 378 | detailed text genealogy.<br>
|
|---|
| 379 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 380 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
|---|
| 381 | <p><br>
|
|---|
| 382 | </p>
|
|---|
| 383 | <p><a name="Six"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Where can I
|
|---|
| 384 | look at portraits of the Tudors?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 385 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">You can visit the <a
|
|---|
| 386 | href="http://www.marileecody.com/images.html">Images</a> section of my
|
|---|
| 387 | site. You can also visit <a href="http://tudorhistory.org/">Tudorhistory.org</a>
|
|---|
| 388 | and <a href="http://www.tudor-portraits.com/">Tudor-portraits.com</a>.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 389 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 390 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> </p>
|
|---|
| 391 | <p><br>
|
|---|
| 392 | <b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><a name="Rose"></a>What
|
|---|
| 393 | is the 'Tudor Rose'?<br>
|
|---|
| 394 | </font></b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">The Tudor
|
|---|
| 395 | Rose is the most famous symbol of the Tudor dynasty. You can see
|
|---|
| 396 | a beautiful example of it on <a
|
|---|
| 397 | href="http://englishhistory.net/tudor.html">the main page</a>.
|
|---|
| 398 | It shows the petals of a red rose enfolding the petals of a white
|
|---|
| 399 | rose. The red rose was the symbol of the House of Lancaster and
|
|---|
| 400 | the white rose was the symbol of the House of York. Henry VII was
|
|---|
| 401 | the first Tudor king and a Lancastrian. He married Princess
|
|---|
| 402 | Elizabeth of York. Their marriage was the literal union of both
|
|---|
| 403 | houses, symbolized by the new 'Tudor Rose'. Also, the Wars of the
|
|---|
| 404 | Roses were thus called because they represented the 15th century
|
|---|
| 405 | struggle between Lancaster and York for the throne of England. <br>
|
|---|
| 406 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 407 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font><br>
|
|---|
| 408 | </p>
|
|---|
| 409 | <p align="center"> <img height="225"
|
|---|
| 410 | alt="sketch of Henry Tudor while he was exiled in France"
|
|---|
| 411 | src="henry7faq.jpg" width="165"
|
|---|
| 412 | border="1"></p>
|
|---|
| 413 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">sketch of the
|
|---|
| 414 | future King Henry VII while he was exiled in France<br>
|
|---|
| 415 | </font></p>
|
|---|
| 416 | <p><a name="Seven"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was Henry
|
|---|
| 417 | VII really a miser?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 418 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Henry VII, the first Tudor king, was
|
|---|
| 419 | tight-fisted with money. His tax inspectors were notorious and
|
|---|
| 420 | despised. However, the English treasury was nearly empty after
|
|---|
| 421 | years of wars. Henry was determined to create a stable government
|
|---|
| 422 | and all governments need money to run. It became something of an
|
|---|
| 423 | obsession with him, particularly in his later years. But to his
|
|---|
| 424 | credit, he left a healthy treasury to his son and heir, Henry VIII -
|
|---|
| 425 | which the latter promptly spent.</font> </p>
|
|---|
| 426 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Henry VII, <a
|
|---|
| 427 | href="monarchs/henry7.html">visit his
|
|---|
| 428 | website</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 429 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 430 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 431 | </p>
|
|---|
| 432 | <p><a name="Eight"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
|---|
| 433 | Elizabeth of York really hate Henry VII?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 434 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Many authors have argued that
|
|---|
| 435 | Elizabeth hated Henry because he took the throne from her family and
|
|---|
| 436 | she was forced to marry him. But all the contemporary accounts I
|
|---|
| 437 | have read indicate they had a pleasant enough marriage. Henry VII
|
|---|
| 438 | never had an affair and he genuinely mourned her death in 1503.
|
|---|
| 439 | Elizabeth's life as queen was primarily domestic. Her motto
|
|---|
| 440 | 'Humble and Reverent' sums up her character.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 441 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 442 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 443 | </p>
|
|---|
| 444 | <p><a name="Nine"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did Prince
|
|---|
| 445 | Arthur and Katharine of Aragon consummate their marriage?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 446 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">This question was very important
|
|---|
| 447 | during Henry VIII's reign. He said his marriage to Katharine
|
|---|
| 448 | should be annulled because she had been his brother's wife. He
|
|---|
| 449 | disregarded the papal dispensation which had given them permission to
|
|---|
| 450 | wed in 1509 by arguing that the Pope could not disregard the Bible
|
|---|
| 451 | itself. There are passages in Leviticus which specifically forbid
|
|---|
| 452 | a man taking his brother's wife as his own. Katharine swore that
|
|---|
| 453 | she and Arthur had never consummated their marriage, as did her duenna.</font>
|
|---|
| 454 | <br>
|
|---|
| 455 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">I have to support Katharine of
|
|---|
| 456 | Aragon on this one; her marriage to Arthur probably wasn't
|
|---|
| 457 | consummated. They were both young and Arthur was already very
|
|---|
| 458 | ill. Also, Katharine was deeply pious; it is difficult to believe
|
|---|
| 459 | she would lie to a papal legate about such a thing.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 460 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 461 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> </p>
|
|---|
| 462 | <p align="center"> <img height="204"
|
|---|
| 463 | alt="portrait of King Henry VIII, c1542"
|
|---|
| 464 | src="henry8faq1.jpg" width="165"
|
|---|
| 465 | border="2"></p>
|
|---|
| 466 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">portrait of King
|
|---|
| 467 | Henry VIII, c1542<br>
|
|---|
| 468 | </font> </p>
|
|---|
| 469 | <p><a name="Ten"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why did
|
|---|
| 470 | Henry VIII have six wives?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 471 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Henry had six wives because....</font>
|
|---|
| 472 | <br>
|
|---|
| 473 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">He had the first wife because he was
|
|---|
| 474 | betrothed to her by his father. He had the second wife because he
|
|---|
| 475 | fell in love and also needed a legitimate male heir. He had the
|
|---|
| 476 | third wife because he still needed a male heir. He had the fourth
|
|---|
| 477 | wife because of diplomatic reasons. He had the fifth wife because
|
|---|
| 478 | he fell in love again. He had the sixth wife because he was old
|
|---|
| 479 | and sick and grouchy and needed a companion and nurse who wouldn't give
|
|---|
| 480 | him too much trouble.</font></p>
|
|---|
| 481 | <p><font face="Arial"><a
|
|---|
| 482 | href="monarchs/wives.html">To learn
|
|---|
| 483 | more about Henry VIII's six wives, visit their website.</a><br>
|
|---|
| 484 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 485 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 486 | </p>
|
|---|
| 487 | <p><a name="Ten-a"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Who were
|
|---|
| 488 | the six wives?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 489 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">They were (in order) Katharine of
|
|---|
| 490 | Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard and
|
|---|
| 491 | Katharine Parr.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 492 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 493 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 494 | </p>
|
|---|
| 495 | <p><a name="Eleven"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did Henry
|
|---|
| 496 | VIII really murder all his wives?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 497 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No, only two of the six wives were
|
|---|
| 498 | executed - the second wife, Anne Boleyn, and the fifth wife, Catherine
|
|---|
| 499 | Howard. His first wife died of natural causes. His third
|
|---|
| 500 | wife died from childbirth complications. His fourth wife was
|
|---|
| 501 | divorced and outlived him. And the sixth wife outlived him as
|
|---|
| 502 | well.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 503 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 504 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 505 | </p>
|
|---|
| 506 | <p><a name="Eleven-a"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What
|
|---|
| 507 | was the 'King's Great Matter'?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 508 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">This refers to Henry VIII's attempts
|
|---|
| 509 | to annul his marriage Katharine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn.
|
|---|
| 510 | It consumed several years of his reign. </font><small><small><small><small><small><big><big><big><font
|
|---|
| 511 | face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br>
|
|---|
| 512 | <font size="3">It also involved the dissolution of all Catholic
|
|---|
| 513 | monasteries in England.</font></font></big></big></big></small></small></small></small></small><br>
|
|---|
| 514 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 515 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 516 | </p>
|
|---|
| 517 | <p><a name="Eleven-b"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What
|
|---|
| 518 | was the Reformation?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 519 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Reformation refers to a period
|
|---|
| 520 | in the early 16th century in which the Roman Catholic Church was
|
|---|
| 521 | challenged by a new form of Christianity collectively known as
|
|---|
| 522 | Protestantism. The Catholic Church was both a religious and
|
|---|
| 523 | political institution; by the 16th century, corruption was widespread
|
|---|
| 524 | and many Christians were disappointed in the excesses and abuses of
|
|---|
| 525 | church leaders.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 526 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Reformation began in 1517 when a
|
|---|
| 527 | German priest named Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses on the
|
|---|
| 528 | door of a royal church in Wittenberg. Luther did not want to
|
|---|
| 529 | start a new religion; he merely wanted to reform the papacy.
|
|---|
| 530 | However, a few years later, Pope Leo X excommunicated him.
|
|---|
| 531 | Luther's main philosophical idea was 'justification by faith', the idea
|
|---|
| 532 | that salvation is granted as a gift through God's grace and not through
|
|---|
| 533 | a priestly intermediary. He also advocated marriage for the
|
|---|
| 534 | clergy. His ideas were revolutionary and scandalous, but also
|
|---|
| 535 | very popular. They represented an attempt to bring religious
|
|---|
| 536 | faith back to the people and end long-standing corruption within the
|
|---|
| 537 | church. But the doctrine of 'justification by faith' also sharply
|
|---|
| 538 | curtailed the church's power over spirituality, making it a matter of
|
|---|
| 539 | personal debate and belief. As Lady Jane Grey, the Nine Days'
|
|---|
| 540 | Queen of England, wrote of her Protestant faith in 1554, 'I ground my
|
|---|
| 541 | faith upon God's word, and not upon the church.... The faith of
|
|---|
| 542 | the church must be tried by God's word, and not God's word by the
|
|---|
| 543 | church; neither yet my faith.'</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 544 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">In England, the Reformation was
|
|---|
| 545 | mainly associated with Henry VIII's attempts to annul his marriage to
|
|---|
| 546 | Katharine of Aragon. When the papacy refused to annul their union
|
|---|
| 547 | due to the political pressure of Katharine's nephew, Holy Roman Emperor
|
|---|
| 548 | Charles V, Henry was outraged. He spent several years attempting
|
|---|
| 549 | to persuade the pope to change his mind. In the end, he simply
|
|---|
| 550 | declared himself Supreme Head of the Church of England and confiscated
|
|---|
| 551 | all church lands and money in his country. This is known to
|
|---|
| 552 | history as 'the dissolution of the monasteries.' However, Henry
|
|---|
| 553 | VIII remained a spiritual Catholic; he disliked Luther's ideas and was
|
|---|
| 554 | never a Protestant himself. He simply rejected Roman Catholic
|
|---|
| 555 | influence in England. But he had unwittingly opened up the door
|
|---|
| 556 | to dramatic changes. From 1533 onwards, the influence of the
|
|---|
| 557 | Roman Catholic Church in England declined while the new ideas of the
|
|---|
| 558 | Reformation began to slowly gain adherents. The resulting
|
|---|
| 559 | religious convulsions would consume most of Europe for the entire
|
|---|
| 560 | century. In Tudor England, the conflict between the old faith and
|
|---|
| 561 | the new consumed its rulers. Henry VIII was a lapsed Catholic;
|
|---|
| 562 | his successor Edward VI was a devout Protestant; his successor Mary I
|
|---|
| 563 | was a devout Catholic; her successor Elizabeth I was, understandably
|
|---|
| 564 | enough, a religious pragmatist. However, she came into conflict
|
|---|
| 565 | with her Catholic cousin, Mary, queen of Scots.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 566 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 567 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 568 | </p>
|
|---|
| 569 | <p><a name="Twelve"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">How did
|
|---|
| 570 | Henry VIII die?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 571 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Henry had been in ill health for
|
|---|
| 572 | some time. He was obese and this led to many complications in his
|
|---|
| 573 | health, such as fevers, headaches and ulcers. He died on 28
|
|---|
| 574 | January 1547 after suffering through a bad fever; he was bled during
|
|---|
| 575 | his illness, which undoubtedly contributed to his death.</font></p>
|
|---|
| 576 | <p><font face="Arial"><a
|
|---|
| 577 | href="monarchs/henry8.html">To learn
|
|---|
| 578 | more about Henry VIII's life, visit his website.</a><br>
|
|---|
| 579 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 580 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 581 | </p>
|
|---|
| 582 | <p><a name="Thirteen"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">How did
|
|---|
| 583 | Katharine of Aragon die?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 584 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Contrary to rumor, Katharine was not
|
|---|
| 585 | poisoned by Henry VIII. If he had been that ruthless, he would
|
|---|
| 586 | have killed her years before and saved himself the whole trouble of his
|
|---|
| 587 | 'Great Matter'. Most historians believe she died of cancer.</font></p>
|
|---|
| 588 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Katharine of Aragon, <a
|
|---|
| 589 | href="monarchs/aragon.html">visit her
|
|---|
| 590 | website</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 591 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 592 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 593 | </p>
|
|---|
| 594 | <p><a name="Thirteena"></a><b><font face="Arial"> Why do you spell
|
|---|
| 595 | Katharine's name as you do? (And why do you spell Catherine
|
|---|
| 596 | Howard and Katharine Parr's differently?)</font></b><font face="Arial"><br>
|
|---|
| 597 | I spell Katharine of Aragon's name as it is spelled on her tomb at
|
|---|
| 598 | Peterborough. I chose to spell Catherine Howard's with a 'C'
|
|---|
| 599 | because it's spelled thus by LB Smith in his biography of Henry VIII's
|
|---|
| 600 | fifth queen. Katharine Parr's name is spelled that way to differentiate
|
|---|
| 601 | her from the wife who preceded her.</font><font
|
|---|
| 602 | size="-2"><a href="faq.html#Top"><br>
|
|---|
| 603 | TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 604 | </p>
|
|---|
| 605 | <p><a name="Fourteen"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
|---|
| 606 | Anne Boleyn really a witch? Did she have an extra finger?
|
|---|
| 607 | Did she really commit adultery and have an incestuous affair with her
|
|---|
| 608 | brother? How many times was she pregnant as Queen?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 609 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No, Anne Boleyn was not a
|
|---|
| 610 | witch. Yes, she did have a small growth on one hand which some
|
|---|
| 611 | have called an extra finger. No, she did not commit adultery or
|
|---|
| 612 | have an incestuous affair with her brother. Even her enemies
|
|---|
| 613 | admitted the charges were false, simply used as excuses to execute
|
|---|
| 614 | her. She was pregnant at least three times, but only gave birth
|
|---|
| 615 | to one living child - a baby girl who would grow up to be Elizabeth I.</font></p>
|
|---|
| 616 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Anne Boleyn, <a
|
|---|
| 617 | href="monarchs/boleyn.html">visit her
|
|---|
| 618 | website</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 619 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 620 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 621 | </p>
|
|---|
| 622 | <p><a name="Fifteen"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Where is
|
|---|
| 623 | Anne Boleyn buried?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 624 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Anne Boleyn is buried at the chapel
|
|---|
| 625 | of St Peter ad Vincula at the Tower of London. She is not buried
|
|---|
| 626 | in a regular coffin, however, since one was not provided; instead, her
|
|---|
| 627 | body was forced into an old arrow chest.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 628 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 629 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
|---|
| 630 | <p align="center"> <img height="165"
|
|---|
| 631 | alt="miniature portrait of Jane Seymour by Lucas Horenbout"
|
|---|
| 632 | src="seymourfaq.jpg" width="166"
|
|---|
| 633 | border="0"></p>
|
|---|
| 634 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">miniature portrait
|
|---|
| 635 | of Jane Seymour by Lucas Horenbout<br>
|
|---|
| 636 | </font> </p>
|
|---|
| 637 | <p><a name="Sixteen"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did Jane
|
|---|
| 638 | Seymour die of complications from a Caesarean section?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 639 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">This rumor has been around for a
|
|---|
| 640 | long time, but it's not true. Jane actually lived several days
|
|---|
| 641 | after the birth of her son, Edward, and was able to greet
|
|---|
| 642 | well-wishers. But she soon succumbed to a violent fever and
|
|---|
| 643 | died. Most historians believe she died from puerperal sepsis, an
|
|---|
| 644 | infection which killed many new mothers. Keep in mind that, even
|
|---|
| 645 | today, childbirth is a dangerous and bloody business. In the 16th
|
|---|
| 646 | century, standards of hygiene were very lax. Puerperal sepsis
|
|---|
| 647 | caused severe fevers and delusions; it was almost always fatal.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 648 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Henry VIII's sixth wife, Katharine
|
|---|
| 649 | Parr, would also die from it.</font> </p>
|
|---|
| 650 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Jane Seymour, <a
|
|---|
| 651 | href="monarchs/seymour.html">visit her
|
|---|
| 652 | website</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 653 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 654 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 655 | </p>
|
|---|
| 656 | <p><a name="Seventeen"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
|---|
| 657 | Anne of Cleves really that ugly?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 658 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">It's ironic to me that, of all of
|
|---|
| 659 | Henry's six wives, the one who is most attractive to modern eyes is the
|
|---|
| 660 | one he divorced for being a 'Flanders mare'. You can <a
|
|---|
| 661 | href="http://www.marileecody.com/images.htmll">look at portraits of
|
|---|
| 662 | Anne</a> (one is below this answer) and decide for yourself. It
|
|---|
| 663 | was probably a simple case of 'chemistry', or a lack thereof. You
|
|---|
| 664 | want to kiss some people and you don't want to kiss others - why?
|
|---|
| 665 | Henry VIII simply wasn't attracted to her but that doesn't mean she was
|
|---|
| 666 | ugly; it simply means she wasn't his type.</font></p>
|
|---|
| 667 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Anne of Cleves, <a
|
|---|
| 668 | href="monarchs/cleves.html">visit her
|
|---|
| 669 | website</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 670 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 671 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
|---|
| 672 | <p align="center"> <img height="163"
|
|---|
| 673 | alt="miniature portrait of Anne of Cleves by Hans Holbein"
|
|---|
| 674 | src="clevesfaq.jpg" width="166"
|
|---|
| 675 | border="0"></p>
|
|---|
| 676 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">miniature portrait
|
|---|
| 677 | of Anne of Cleves by Hans Holbein</font> </p>
|
|---|
| 678 | <p><a name="Eighteen"><br>
|
|---|
| 679 | </a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What happened to Anne of
|
|---|
| 680 | Cleves after Henry divorced her?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 681 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Anne remained in England, where she
|
|---|
| 682 | was treated with great respect and honor. Henry called her his
|
|---|
| 683 | 'sister' and she was given lots of money and lands in their divorce
|
|---|
| 684 | settlement. She came to court regularly and enjoyed the life of
|
|---|
| 685 | an independent, wealthy woman. She also became quite fond of
|
|---|
| 686 | English beer. I think we can agree that she was probably the
|
|---|
| 687 | happiest of the six wives.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 688 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 689 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 690 | </p>
|
|---|
| 691 | <p><a name="Nineteen"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
|---|
| 692 | Catherine Howard commit adultery while Queen of England?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 693 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Probably. You can read her
|
|---|
| 694 | letter to Thomas Culpeper <a
|
|---|
| 695 | href="letter13.html">here</a>.</font> </p>
|
|---|
| 696 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Catherine Howard, <a
|
|---|
| 697 | href="monarchs/howard.html">visit her
|
|---|
| 698 | website</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 699 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 700 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 701 | </p>
|
|---|
| 702 | <p><a name="Twenty"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Where is
|
|---|
| 703 | Catherine Howard buried?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 704 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">She is buried at the chapel of St
|
|---|
| 705 | Peter ad Vincula, along with her cousin Anne Boleyn and other victims
|
|---|
| 706 | of Henry VIII.</font><br>
|
|---|
| 707 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 708 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 709 | </p>
|
|---|
| 710 | <p><a name="Twenty-one"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">How
|
|---|
| 711 | many times was Katharine Parr married?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 712 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Katharine was married four
|
|---|
| 713 | times. Henry VIII was her third husband. She had one child
|
|---|
| 714 | with her fourth husband, and died of puerperal sepsis shortly
|
|---|
| 715 | afterwards.</font> </p>
|
|---|
| 716 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Katharine Parr, <a
|
|---|
| 717 | href="monarchs/parr.html">visit her
|
|---|
| 718 | website</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 719 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 720 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 721 | </p>
|
|---|
| 722 | <p><a name="Twenty-two"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
|---|
| 723 | Katharine Parr imprisoned by Henry VIII?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 724 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Almost, but her quick wit and
|
|---|
| 725 | instinct for survival saved her. Religious conservatives at
|
|---|
| 726 | Henry's court attempted to persuade the king his wife was a
|
|---|
| 727 | heretic. After being lectured one too many times on religious
|
|---|
| 728 | matters by Katharine, Henry was inclined to agree. Katharine was
|
|---|
| 729 | warned of the plot and, without letting on to the king, told him she
|
|---|
| 730 | was grateful to talk about such matters with him so he could guide her
|
|---|
| 731 | in the correct direction. His ego soothed, the king again favored
|
|---|
| 732 | her. When guards came to arrest Katharine, Henry personally
|
|---|
| 733 | berated them and protected her.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 734 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 735 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 736 | </p>
|
|---|
| 737 | <p><a name="Twenty-three"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What
|
|---|
| 738 | happened to Henry VIII's sisters, Margaret and Mary Tudor?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 739 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Margaret married the king of
|
|---|
| 740 | Scotland, James IV, and upon his death, she married the earl of
|
|---|
| 741 | Angus. Mary wed the king of France and, upon his death, she wed
|
|---|
| 742 | the duke of Suffolk.</font></p>
|
|---|
| 743 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Mary Tudor, <a
|
|---|
| 744 | href="citizens/brandon.html">visit her
|
|---|
| 745 | website</a>. To learn more about Margaret Tudor, <a
|
|---|
| 746 | href="relative/margaret.html">visit
|
|---|
| 747 | her website</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 748 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 749 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 750 | </p>
|
|---|
| 751 | <p><a name="Twenty-four"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
|---|
| 752 | Henry VIII execute a lot of people?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 753 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">He executed a lot of people on
|
|---|
| 754 | trumped-up charges, or what is commonly termed 'judicial murder'.
|
|---|
| 755 | He was very capricious and tyrannical, particularly as he grew
|
|---|
| 756 | older. He was also sensitive to other claims on the Tudor throne;
|
|---|
| 757 | for that reason, he imprisoned or executed most of his Plantagenet
|
|---|
| 758 | relatives.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 759 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 760 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 761 | </p>
|
|---|
| 762 | <p><a name="Twenty-five"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
|---|
| 763 | Henry VIII have a legitimate reason to divorce Katharine of Aragon?</font></b>
|
|---|
| 764 | <br>
|
|---|
| 765 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Yes. Other queens were
|
|---|
| 766 | divorced for a lot less. The annulment would have been granted if
|
|---|
| 767 | Katharine's nephew had not been Holy Roman Emperor. His position
|
|---|
| 768 | gave him great influence over papal policy.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 769 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 770 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 771 | </p>
|
|---|
| 772 | <p><a name="Twenty-six"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">How
|
|---|
| 773 | did Edward VI die?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 774 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Edward died of tuberculosis.
|
|---|
| 775 | Recently, historians and doctors suggested that it may have been
|
|---|
| 776 | complicated by measles.</font></p>
|
|---|
| 777 | <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica">To learn more about Edward VI, <a
|
|---|
| 778 | href="monarchs/edward6.html">visit his
|
|---|
| 779 | website</a>.</font><br>
|
|---|
| 780 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 781 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 782 | </p>
|
|---|
| 783 | <p><a name="Six-a"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Who is the
|
|---|
| 784 | 'Nine Days Queen'?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 785 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The description refers to Lady Jane
|
|---|
| 786 | Grey, the Tudor cousin who ruled England for just nine days in
|
|---|
| 787 | 1553. She was later executed by Mary I.</font></p>
|
|---|
| 788 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Lady Jane Grey, <a
|
|---|
| 789 | href="relative/janegrey.html">visit
|
|---|
| 790 | her website</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 791 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 792 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 793 | </p>
|
|---|
| 794 | <p><a name="Twenty-eight"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
|---|
| 795 | Lady Jane Grey want to be Queen of England?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 796 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No, she did not.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 797 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 798 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 799 | </p>
|
|---|
| 800 | <p><a name="Twenty-nine"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
|---|
| 801 | Lady Jane Grey love her husband?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 802 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No, quite the contrary. By all
|
|---|
| 803 | accounts, she disliked Guildford and refused to have him crowned king,
|
|---|
| 804 | though she appreciated his newfound maturity and composure upon their
|
|---|
| 805 | imprisonment.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 806 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 807 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 808 | </p>
|
|---|
| 809 | <p align="left"><a name="Twenty-nine"></a><b><font
|
|---|
| 810 | face="Arial,Helvetica">Where is Lady Jane Grey buried?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 811 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">At the chapel of St Peter ad
|
|---|
| 812 | Vincula, alongside Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard. As at Anne's
|
|---|
| 813 | execution, there was no coffin provided for Jane's corpse. Her
|
|---|
| 814 | body lay beside the block for several hours before someone finally
|
|---|
| 815 | found a coffin.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 816 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 817 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> </p>
|
|---|
| 818 | <p align="center"><br>
|
|---|
| 819 | <img height="213"
|
|---|
| 820 | alt="Mary Tudor as princess of England, by Master John, 1544"
|
|---|
| 821 | src="mary1faq.jpg" width="165"
|
|---|
| 822 | border="2"></p>
|
|---|
| 823 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">portrait of
|
|---|
| 824 | Princess Mary Tudor in 1544, by Master John</font></p>
|
|---|
| 825 | <p></p>
|
|---|
| 826 | <p><a name="Thirty"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why is
|
|---|
| 827 | Mary I called 'Bloody Mary'?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 828 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Several hundred Protestants were
|
|---|
| 829 | burned as heretics during her reign. Hence, she is called 'Bloody
|
|---|
| 830 | Mary'.</font></p>
|
|---|
| 831 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Mary I, <a
|
|---|
| 832 | href="monarchs/mary1.html">visit her
|
|---|
| 833 | website</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 834 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 835 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 836 | </p>
|
|---|
| 837 | <p><a name="Thirty-a"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Are
|
|---|
| 838 | there two Mary Tudors at this site?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 839 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Yes, one is Mary Tudor, sister of
|
|---|
| 840 | Henry VIII. The other is Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII.</font>
|
|---|
| 841 | <br>
|
|---|
| 842 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 843 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 844 | </p>
|
|---|
| 845 | <p><a name="Thirty-one"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
|---|
| 846 | Mary I really hate her half-sister, Elizabeth?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 847 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Yes.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 848 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 849 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 850 | </p>
|
|---|
| 851 | <p><a name="Thirty-two"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
|---|
| 852 | Mary I ever pregnant during her marriage to Philip of Spain?</font></b>
|
|---|
| 853 | <br>
|
|---|
| 854 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No.</font> <font
|
|---|
| 855 | face="Arial,Helvetica">She thought she was pregnant - she hoped she
|
|---|
| 856 | was - but it was probably an 'hysterical pregnancy'. Her
|
|---|
| 857 | menstrual cycle was always irregular and she had a distended stomach,
|
|---|
| 858 | possibly from a tumor.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 859 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 860 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 861 | </p>
|
|---|
| 862 | <p><a name="Thirty-three"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What
|
|---|
| 863 | were Mary's last words?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 864 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">It is rumored she said that if her
|
|---|
| 865 | body was cut open, the words 'Calais' and 'Philip' would be found
|
|---|
| 866 | engraved upon her heart. It is an apocryphal story. Calais
|
|---|
| 867 | was the last English outpost on the continent, lost during her reign,
|
|---|
| 868 | and Philip was the beloved husband who had abandoned her.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 869 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 870 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 871 | </p>
|
|---|
| 872 | <p><a name="Thirty-four"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Where
|
|---|
| 873 | is Mary I buried?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 874 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">In Westminster Abbey, beside her
|
|---|
| 875 | half-sister, Elizabeth I.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 876 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 877 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 878 | </p>
|
|---|
| 879 | <p><a name="Thirty-five"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
|---|
| 880 | Elizabeth I truly a great queen - or did her ministers do all the work?</font></b>
|
|---|
| 881 | <br>
|
|---|
| 882 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">She was truly a great queen.
|
|---|
| 883 | Though she had good ministers, chief among them William Cecil,
|
|---|
| 884 | Elizabeth - like her father - was always in charge.</font></p>
|
|---|
| 885 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Elizabeth I, <a
|
|---|
| 886 | href="monarchs/eliz.html">visit her
|
|---|
| 887 | website</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 888 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 889 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
|---|
| 890 | <p align="center"> <img height="217"
|
|---|
| 891 | alt="the Armada Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I, by George Gower"
|
|---|
| 892 | src="eliz2faq.jpg" width="165"
|
|---|
| 893 | border="2"></p>
|
|---|
| 894 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">The Armada Portrait
|
|---|
| 895 | of Queen Elizabeth I, by George Gower<br>
|
|---|
| 896 | </font> </p>
|
|---|
| 897 | <p><a name="Thirty-six"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">How
|
|---|
| 898 | smart was Elizabeth I?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 899 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Very smart. She was
|
|---|
| 900 | undoubtedly one of the most (if not the most) intelligent monarchs to
|
|---|
| 901 | rule England. She was always a dedicated scholar and genuinely
|
|---|
| 902 | loved to study and learn. Her tutor Roger Ascham, and indeed
|
|---|
| 903 | everyone who met her, recognized and commented upon her
|
|---|
| 904 | intelligence. Of course, this was believed to be a 'masculine'
|
|---|
| 905 | trait and only acceptable because of her special position as queen.</font>
|
|---|
| 906 | <br>
|
|---|
| 907 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 908 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 909 | </p>
|
|---|
| 910 | <p><a name="Thirty-seven"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
|---|
| 911 | Elizabeth ever plan to marry anyone?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 912 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Probably not. She used
|
|---|
| 913 | marriage negotiations as political tools, and she personally loved
|
|---|
| 914 | Robert Dudley. But she was never enthusiastic about the prospect
|
|---|
| 915 | of marriage. And who can blame her? After the disastrous
|
|---|
| 916 | examples of her father and half-sister, Elizabeth had no reason to
|
|---|
| 917 | equate marriage with personal happiness. She also realized that
|
|---|
| 918 | any marriage would end her authority as queen in her own right.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 919 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 920 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 921 | </p>
|
|---|
| 922 | <p><a name="Thirty-eight"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
|---|
| 923 | Elizabeth really a 'Virgin Queen'? Did she have secret lovers
|
|---|
| 924 | and/or children?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 925 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">She was probably a virgin.
|
|---|
| 926 | It's difficult to imagine any secret affair remaining secret for
|
|---|
| 927 | long. And birth control was tricky and untrustworthy in the 16th
|
|---|
| 928 | century. She knew that any affair would risk a pregnancy - and
|
|---|
| 929 | that would destroy her life. Furthermore, it is worth noting
|
|---|
| 930 | Elizabeth's own strict and methodical character, and the disdain she
|
|---|
| 931 | showed for women who could not control their feelings or appreciate the
|
|---|
| 932 | consequences of their actions. Consider her opinions of her two
|
|---|
| 933 | cousins, Mary, queen of Scots and Catherine Grey. Both rushed
|
|---|
| 934 | into hasty, inappropriate and passionate unions and both had disastrous
|
|---|
| 935 | results. Elizabeth looked down upon them both, remarking that
|
|---|
| 936 | they would do well to remember their high positions in life and its
|
|---|
| 937 | attendant responsibilities.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 938 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">She lamented her lost opportunities
|
|---|
| 939 | for love and a family of her own. But she was queen and it was an
|
|---|
| 940 | exalted and lonely position.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 941 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No, she never had children.
|
|---|
| 942 | It's fun to read theories that she was the mother of Bacon - or
|
|---|
| 943 | Shakespeare - or was even Shakespeare himself.... but could she really
|
|---|
| 944 | keep a pregnancy secret? Foreign ambassadors paid her servants to
|
|---|
| 945 | learn every intimate detail of her life. Upon hearing some gossip
|
|---|
| 946 | about her relationship with Dudley, Elizabeth observed that a thousand
|
|---|
| 947 | eyes were always upon her so how could she do anything scandalous?</font>
|
|---|
| 948 | <br>
|
|---|
| 949 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 950 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 951 | </p>
|
|---|
| 952 | <p><a name="Thirty-nine"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why
|
|---|
| 953 | is the 1588 battle with the Spanish Armada so famous?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 954 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Because England was a small nation
|
|---|
| 955 | with a little navy and they were facing the greatest power in the
|
|---|
| 956 | world. And they defeated it, with help from Mother Nature.
|
|---|
| 957 | It marked the beginning of England's mastery of the seas. The
|
|---|
| 958 | great history of the English navy began, as did serious English
|
|---|
| 959 | exploration and colonization.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 960 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 961 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 962 | </p>
|
|---|
| 963 | <p><a name="Fourty"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why are
|
|---|
| 964 | there so many portraits of Elizabeth I?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 965 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Because she ruled for such a long
|
|---|
| 966 | time (45 years) and because she understood the value of
|
|---|
| 967 | propaganda. Her portraits were iconographic; they represented the
|
|---|
| 968 | queen in all her majesty, triumphant and beautiful. They
|
|---|
| 969 | symbolized the confidence and pride of her nation. It was also a
|
|---|
| 970 | sign of loyalty to have portraits of the queen in your house.
|
|---|
| 971 | Many nobles commissioned portraits, or copies of official portraits.</font></p>
|
|---|
| 972 | <p><font face="Arial">To view portraits of Elizabeth I, with
|
|---|
| 973 | commentary, <a href="http://www.marileecody.com/eliz1-images.html">visit
|
|---|
| 974 | the Elizabethan Images webpage</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 975 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 976 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 977 | </p>
|
|---|
| 978 | <p><a name="Fourty-one"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Where
|
|---|
| 979 | is Elizabeth I buried?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 980 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">In Westminster Abbey, beside her
|
|---|
| 981 | half-sister Mary I.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 982 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 983 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 984 | </p>
|
|---|
| 985 | <p><a name="Fourty-two"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why
|
|---|
| 986 | was Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 987 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Mary fled to England after losing a
|
|---|
| 988 | battle against her Scottish foes. She was seeking Elizabeth's aid
|
|---|
| 989 | in restoring her to the throne of Scotland.</font></p>
|
|---|
| 990 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Mary, queen of Scots, <a
|
|---|
| 991 | href="relative/maryqos.html">visit her
|
|---|
| 992 | website</a>.<br>
|
|---|
| 993 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 994 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 995 | </p>
|
|---|
| 996 | <p><a name="Fourty-two-a"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">How
|
|---|
| 997 | long was Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 998 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Mary was imprisoned from 1568 to
|
|---|
| 999 | 1587. She was just 25 years old when she arrived in England and
|
|---|
| 1000 | 44 years old when she was executed.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1001 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 1002 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
|---|
| 1003 | <p align="center"> <img height="244"
|
|---|
| 1004 | alt="portrait of Mary, queen of Scots, c1558"
|
|---|
| 1005 | src="maryqosfaq.jpg" width="165"
|
|---|
| 1006 | border="2"></p>
|
|---|
| 1007 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">portrait of Mary,
|
|---|
| 1008 | queen of Scots, c1558<br>
|
|---|
| 1009 | </font> </p>
|
|---|
| 1010 | <p><a name="Fourty-two"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Are
|
|---|
| 1011 | Mary, queen of Scots and Mary Tudor the same person?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 1012 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No. Mary Tudor was Henry
|
|---|
| 1013 | VIII's sister. Mary, queen of Scots was the granddaughter of
|
|---|
| 1014 | Margaret Tudor, Henry VIII's sister.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1015 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 1016 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1017 | </p>
|
|---|
| 1018 | <p><a name="Fourty-three"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why
|
|---|
| 1019 | did Elizabeth I have Mary, queen of Scots killed?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 1020 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Because she was conniving to have
|
|---|
| 1021 | Elizabeth assassinated and herself made queen of England. In
|
|---|
| 1022 | fairness to Mary, she only began plotting after being imprisoned for
|
|---|
| 1023 | several years and it was clear she would never be released.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1024 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 1025 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1026 | </p>
|
|---|
| 1027 | <p><a name="Fourty-four"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
|---|
| 1028 | Mary, queen of Scots guilty of the crimes for which she was executed?</font></b>
|
|---|
| 1029 | <br>
|
|---|
| 1030 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Yes, probably. She even
|
|---|
| 1031 | admitted to plotting against Elizabeth, but said it was only to gain
|
|---|
| 1032 | her freedom.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1033 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 1034 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1035 | </p>
|
|---|
| 1036 | <p><a name="Fourty-six"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Where
|
|---|
| 1037 | is Mary, queen of Scots buried?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 1038 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">In Westminster Abbey. Her body
|
|---|
| 1039 | was moved there by her son, James, who became king of England in 1603.</font>
|
|---|
| 1040 | <br>
|
|---|
| 1041 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 1042 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
|---|
| 1043 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><br>
|
|---|
| 1044 | <a name="Fourty-sixa"></a>Why is Mary, queen of Scots's last name
|
|---|
| 1045 | sometimes spelled 'Stewart' and other times 'Stuart'?<br>
|
|---|
| 1046 | </font></b> <font face="Arial">In Scotland, her family name was
|
|---|
| 1047 | spelled 'Stewart'. However, Mary was half-French and spent her
|
|---|
| 1048 | formative years in France. Therefore, she adopted the French
|
|---|
| 1049 | spelling of Stewart, which was 'Stuart'. (She also signed her
|
|---|
| 1050 | name 'Marie', which was the French spelling of her first name.)</font><br>
|
|---|
| 1051 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 1052 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
|---|
| 1053 | <p><br><a name="Fourty-seven"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why
|
|---|
| 1054 | did Elizabeth I leave her throne to James I of Scotland?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 1055 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">James was Elizabeth's closest male
|
|---|
| 1056 | relative. He was part Tudor as well, being the great-grandson of
|
|---|
| 1057 | Margaret Tudor, eldest daughter of the first Tudor king, Henry VII.</font>
|
|---|
| 1058 | <br>
|
|---|
| 1059 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 1060 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1061 | </p>
|
|---|
| 1062 | <p><a name="Fourty-eight"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What
|
|---|
| 1063 | dynasty followed the Tudors?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 1064 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Stuart dynasty followed the
|
|---|
| 1065 | Tudors, so called because their family name was Stuart/Stewart.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1066 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 1067 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1068 | </p>
|
|---|
| 1069 | <p><a name="Fourty-nine"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Does
|
|---|
| 1070 | this website have a search engine?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 1071 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Yes, it does. <a
|
|---|
| 1072 | href="search.html">Click here</a> to
|
|---|
| 1073 | visit the Tudor England search engine.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1074 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 1075 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1076 | </p>
|
|---|
| 1077 | <p><a name="Fifty"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">I am
|
|---|
| 1078 | quoting from this website for my paper / report. How do I
|
|---|
| 1079 | correctly cite the source?</font></b> <br>
|
|---|
| 1080 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The correct format is based upon
|
|---|
| 1081 | both the Turabian/Chicago and MLA styles.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1082 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Here is an example:</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1083 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Hanson, Marilee. "Contemporary
|
|---|
| 1084 | Descriptions of Anne Boleyn." <i>EnglishHistory.net.</i> 2004.
|
|---|
| 1085 | http://englishhistory.net/tudor/annedesc.html (11 April 2004).</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1086 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica" size="-1">Please note: you must use
|
|---|
| 1087 | the year and date you read the source.</font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1088 | <font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 1089 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
|---|
| 1090 | <br>
|
|---|
| 1091 | </p>
|
|---|
| 1092 | <p><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><a name="Update"></a>When
|
|---|
| 1093 | was the site last updated?</b><br>
|
|---|
| 1094 | Please visit the <a href="news.html">Site
|
|---|
| 1095 | News</a> page for the last update. I don't post routine
|
|---|
| 1096 | maintenance there, only significant additions to the website.<br>
|
|---|
| 1097 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
|---|
| 1098 | href="faq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
|---|
| 1099 | <p><br>
|
|---|
| 1100 | </p>
|
|---|
| 1101 | <blockquote>
|
|---|
| 1102 | <hr width="100%" size="2">
|
|---|
| 1103 | <center>
|
|---|
| 1104 | <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica" size="-1"><a
|
|---|
| 1105 | href="http://englishhistory.net/tudor.html">to Tudor England</a></font></p>
|
|---|
| 1106 | </center>
|
|---|
| 1107 | </blockquote>
|
|---|
| 1108 | </td>
|
|---|
| 1109 | <td width="15%" height="610"><br>
|
|---|
| 1110 | </td>
|
|---|
| 1111 | </tr>
|
|---|
| 1112 | </tbody>
|
|---|
| 1113 | </table>
|
|---|
| 1114 | </body>
|
|---|
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