1 | =begin
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2 | #
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3 | # benchmark.rb - a performance benchmarking library
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4 | #
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5 | # $Id: benchmark.rb 11708 2007-02-12 23:01:19Z shyouhei $
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6 | #
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7 | # Created by Gotoken ([email protected]).
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8 | #
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9 | # Documentation by Gotoken (original RD), Lyle Johnson (RDoc conversion), and
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10 | # Gavin Sinclair (editing).
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11 | #
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12 | =end
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13 |
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14 | # == Overview
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15 | #
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16 | # The Benchmark module provides methods for benchmarking Ruby code, giving
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17 | # detailed reports on the time taken for each task.
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18 | #
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19 |
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20 | # The Benchmark module provides methods to measure and report the time
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21 | # used to execute Ruby code.
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22 | #
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23 | # * Measure the time to construct the string given by the expression
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24 | # <tt>"a"*1_000_000</tt>:
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25 | #
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26 | # require 'benchmark'
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27 | #
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28 | # puts Benchmark.measure { "a"*1_000_000 }
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29 | #
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30 | # On my machine (FreeBSD 3.2 on P5, 100MHz) this generates:
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31 | #
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32 | # 1.166667 0.050000 1.216667 ( 0.571355)
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33 | #
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34 | # This report shows the user CPU time, system CPU time, the sum of
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35 | # the user and system CPU times, and the elapsed real time. The unit
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36 | # of time is seconds.
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37 | #
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38 | # * Do some experiments sequentially using the #bm method:
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39 | #
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40 | # require 'benchmark'
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41 | #
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42 | # n = 50000
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43 | # Benchmark.bm do |x|
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44 | # x.report { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
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45 | # x.report { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
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46 | # x.report { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
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47 | # end
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48 | #
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49 | # The result:
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50 | #
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51 | # user system total real
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52 | # 1.033333 0.016667 1.016667 ( 0.492106)
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53 | # 1.483333 0.000000 1.483333 ( 0.694605)
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54 | # 1.516667 0.000000 1.516667 ( 0.711077)
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55 | #
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56 | # * Continuing the previous example, put a label in each report:
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57 | #
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58 | # require 'benchmark'
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59 | #
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60 | # n = 50000
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61 | # Benchmark.bm(7) do |x|
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62 | # x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
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63 | # x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
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64 | # x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
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65 | # end
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66 | #
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67 | # The result:
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68 | #
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69 | # user system total real
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70 | # for: 1.050000 0.000000 1.050000 ( 0.503462)
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71 | # times: 1.533333 0.016667 1.550000 ( 0.735473)
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72 | # upto: 1.500000 0.016667 1.516667 ( 0.711239)
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73 | #
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74 | #
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75 | # * The times for some benchmarks depend on the order in which items
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76 | # are run. These differences are due to the cost of memory
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77 | # allocation and garbage collection. To avoid these discrepancies,
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78 | # the #bmbm method is provided. For example, to compare ways to
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79 | # sort an array of floats:
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80 | #
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81 | # require 'benchmark'
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82 | #
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83 | # array = (1..1000000).map { rand }
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84 | #
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85 | # Benchmark.bmbm do |x|
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86 | # x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! }
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87 | # x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort }
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88 | # end
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89 | #
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90 | # The result:
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91 | #
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92 | # Rehearsal -----------------------------------------
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93 | # sort! 11.928000 0.010000 11.938000 ( 12.756000)
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94 | # sort 13.048000 0.020000 13.068000 ( 13.857000)
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95 | # ------------------------------- total: 25.006000sec
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96 | #
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97 | # user system total real
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98 | # sort! 12.959000 0.010000 12.969000 ( 13.793000)
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99 | # sort 12.007000 0.000000 12.007000 ( 12.791000)
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100 | #
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101 | #
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102 | # * Report statistics of sequential experiments with unique labels,
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103 | # using the #benchmark method:
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104 | #
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105 | # require 'benchmark'
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106 | #
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107 | # n = 50000
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108 | # Benchmark.benchmark(" "*7 + CAPTION, 7, FMTSTR, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x|
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109 | # tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
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110 | # tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
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111 | # tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
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112 | # [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3]
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113 | # end
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114 | #
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115 | # The result:
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116 | #
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117 | # user system total real
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118 | # for: 1.016667 0.016667 1.033333 ( 0.485749)
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119 | # times: 1.450000 0.016667 1.466667 ( 0.681367)
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120 | # upto: 1.533333 0.000000 1.533333 ( 0.722166)
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121 | # >total: 4.000000 0.033333 4.033333 ( 1.889282)
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122 | # >avg: 1.333333 0.011111 1.344444 ( 0.629761)
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123 |
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124 | module Benchmark
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125 |
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126 | BENCHMARK_VERSION = "2002-04-25" #:nodoc"
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127 |
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128 | def Benchmark::times() # :nodoc:
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129 | Process::times()
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130 | end
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131 |
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132 |
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133 | # Invokes the block with a <tt>Benchmark::Report</tt> object, which
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134 | # may be used to collect and report on the results of individual
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135 | # benchmark tests. Reserves <i>label_width</i> leading spaces for
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136 | # labels on each line. Prints _caption_ at the top of the
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137 | # report, and uses _fmt_ to format each line.
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138 | # If the block returns an array of
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139 | # <tt>Benchmark::Tms</tt> objects, these will be used to format
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140 | # additional lines of output. If _label_ parameters are
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141 | # given, these are used to label these extra lines.
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142 | #
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143 | # _Note_: Other methods provide a simpler interface to this one, and are
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144 | # suitable for nearly all benchmarking requirements. See the examples in
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145 | # Benchmark, and the #bm and #bmbm methods.
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146 | #
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147 | # Example:
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148 | #
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149 | # require 'benchmark'
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150 | # include Benchmark # we need the CAPTION and FMTSTR constants
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151 | #
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152 | # n = 50000
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153 | # Benchmark.benchmark(" "*7 + CAPTION, 7, FMTSTR, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x|
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154 | # tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
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155 | # tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
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156 | # tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
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157 | # [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3]
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158 | # end
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159 | #
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160 | # <i>Generates:</i>
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161 | #
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162 | # user system total real
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163 | # for: 1.016667 0.016667 1.033333 ( 0.485749)
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164 | # times: 1.450000 0.016667 1.466667 ( 0.681367)
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165 | # upto: 1.533333 0.000000 1.533333 ( 0.722166)
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166 | # >total: 4.000000 0.033333 4.033333 ( 1.889282)
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167 | # >avg: 1.333333 0.011111 1.344444 ( 0.629761)
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168 | #
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169 |
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170 | def benchmark(caption = "", label_width = nil, fmtstr = nil, *labels) # :yield: report
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171 | sync = STDOUT.sync
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172 | STDOUT.sync = true
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173 | label_width ||= 0
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174 | fmtstr ||= FMTSTR
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175 | raise ArgumentError, "no block" unless iterator?
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176 | print caption
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177 | results = yield(Report.new(label_width, fmtstr))
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178 | Array === results and results.grep(Tms).each {|t|
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179 | print((labels.shift || t.label || "").ljust(label_width),
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180 | t.format(fmtstr))
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181 | }
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182 | STDOUT.sync = sync
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183 | end
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184 |
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185 |
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186 | # A simple interface to the #benchmark method, #bm is generates sequential reports
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187 | # with labels. The parameters have the same meaning as for #benchmark.
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188 | #
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189 | # require 'benchmark'
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190 | #
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191 | # n = 50000
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192 | # Benchmark.bm(7) do |x|
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193 | # x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
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194 | # x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
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195 | # x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
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196 | # end
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197 | #
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198 | # <i>Generates:</i>
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199 | #
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200 | # user system total real
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201 | # for: 1.050000 0.000000 1.050000 ( 0.503462)
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202 | # times: 1.533333 0.016667 1.550000 ( 0.735473)
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203 | # upto: 1.500000 0.016667 1.516667 ( 0.711239)
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204 | #
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205 |
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206 | def bm(label_width = 0, *labels, &blk) # :yield: report
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207 | benchmark(" "*label_width + CAPTION, label_width, FMTSTR, *labels, &blk)
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208 | end
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209 |
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210 |
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211 | # Sometimes benchmark results are skewed because code executed
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212 | # earlier encounters different garbage collection overheads than
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213 | # that run later. #bmbm attempts to minimize this effect by running
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214 | # the tests twice, the first time as a rehearsal in order to get the
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215 | # runtime environment stable, the second time for
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216 | # real. <tt>GC.start</tt> is executed before the start of each of
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217 | # the real timings; the cost of this is not included in the
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218 | # timings. In reality, though, there's only so much that #bmbm can
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219 | # do, and the results are not guaranteed to be isolated from garbage
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220 | # collection and other effects.
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221 | #
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222 | # Because #bmbm takes two passes through the tests, it can
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223 | # calculate the required label width.
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224 | #
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225 | # require 'benchmark'
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226 | #
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227 | # array = (1..1000000).map { rand }
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228 | #
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229 | # Benchmark.bmbm do |x|
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230 | # x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! }
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231 | # x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort }
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232 | # end
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233 | #
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234 | # <i>Generates:</i>
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235 | #
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236 | # Rehearsal -----------------------------------------
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237 | # sort! 11.928000 0.010000 11.938000 ( 12.756000)
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238 | # sort 13.048000 0.020000 13.068000 ( 13.857000)
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239 | # ------------------------------- total: 25.006000sec
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240 | #
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241 | # user system total real
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242 | # sort! 12.959000 0.010000 12.969000 ( 13.793000)
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243 | # sort 12.007000 0.000000 12.007000 ( 12.791000)
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244 | #
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245 | # #bmbm yields a Benchmark::Job object and returns an array of
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246 | # Benchmark::Tms objects.
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247 | #
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248 | def bmbm(width = 0, &blk) # :yield: job
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249 | job = Job.new(width)
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250 | yield(job)
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251 | width = job.width
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252 | sync = STDOUT.sync
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253 | STDOUT.sync = true
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254 |
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255 | # rehearsal
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256 | print "Rehearsal "
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257 | puts '-'*(width+CAPTION.length - "Rehearsal ".length)
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258 | list = []
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259 | job.list.each{|label,item|
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260 | print(label.ljust(width))
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261 | res = Benchmark::measure(&item)
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262 | print res.format()
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263 | list.push res
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264 | }
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265 | sum = Tms.new; list.each{|i| sum += i}
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266 | ets = sum.format("total: %tsec")
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267 | printf("%s %s\n\n",
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268 | "-"*(width+CAPTION.length-ets.length-1), ets)
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269 |
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270 | # take
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271 | print ' '*width, CAPTION
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272 | list = []
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273 | ary = []
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274 | job.list.each{|label,item|
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275 | GC::start
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276 | print label.ljust(width)
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277 | res = Benchmark::measure(&item)
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278 | print res.format()
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279 | ary.push res
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280 | list.push [label, res]
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281 | }
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282 |
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283 | STDOUT.sync = sync
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284 | ary
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285 | end
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286 |
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287 | #
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288 | # Returns the time used to execute the given block as a
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289 | # Benchmark::Tms object.
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290 | #
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291 | def measure(label = "") # :yield:
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292 | t0, r0 = Benchmark.times, Time.now
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293 | yield
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294 | t1, r1 = Benchmark.times, Time.now
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295 | Benchmark::Tms.new(t1.utime - t0.utime,
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296 | t1.stime - t0.stime,
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297 | t1.cutime - t0.cutime,
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298 | t1.cstime - t0.cstime,
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299 | r1.to_f - r0.to_f,
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300 | label)
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301 | end
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302 |
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303 | #
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304 | # Returns the elapsed real time used to execute the given block.
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305 | #
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306 | def realtime(&blk) # :yield:
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307 | Benchmark::measure(&blk).real
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308 | end
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309 |
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310 |
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311 |
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312 | #
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313 | # A Job is a sequence of labelled blocks to be processed by the
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314 | # Benchmark.bmbm method. It is of little direct interest to the user.
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315 | #
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316 | class Job # :nodoc:
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317 | #
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318 | # Returns an initialized Job instance.
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319 | # Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new
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320 | # Job objects are created by the #bmbm method.
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321 | # _width_ is a initial value for the label offset used in formatting;
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322 | # the #bmbm method passes its _width_ argument to this constructor.
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323 | #
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324 | def initialize(width)
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325 | @width = width
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326 | @list = []
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327 | end
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328 |
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329 | #
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330 | # Registers the given label and block pair in the job list.
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331 | #
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332 | def item(label = "", &blk) # :yield:
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333 | raise ArgmentError, "no block" unless block_given?
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334 | label.concat ' '
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335 | w = label.length
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336 | @width = w if @width < w
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337 | @list.push [label, blk]
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338 | self
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339 | end
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340 |
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341 | alias report item
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342 |
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343 | # An array of 2-element arrays, consisting of label and block pairs.
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344 | attr_reader :list
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345 |
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346 | # Length of the widest label in the #list, plus one.
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347 | attr_reader :width
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348 | end
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349 |
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350 | module_function :benchmark, :measure, :realtime, :bm, :bmbm
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351 |
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352 |
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353 |
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354 | #
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355 | # This class is used by the Benchmark.benchmark and Benchmark.bm methods.
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356 | # It is of little direct interest to the user.
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357 | #
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358 | class Report # :nodoc:
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359 | #
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360 | # Returns an initialized Report instance.
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361 | # Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new
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362 | # Report objects are created by the #benchmark and #bm methods.
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363 | # _width_ and _fmtstr_ are the label offset and
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364 | # format string used by Tms#format.
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365 | #
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366 | def initialize(width = 0, fmtstr = nil)
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367 | @width, @fmtstr = width, fmtstr
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368 | end
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369 |
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370 | #
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371 | # Prints the _label_ and measured time for the block,
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372 | # formatted by _fmt_. See Tms#format for the
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373 | # formatting rules.
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374 | #
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375 | def item(label = "", *fmt, &blk) # :yield:
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376 | print label.ljust(@width)
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377 | res = Benchmark::measure(&blk)
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378 | print res.format(@fmtstr, *fmt)
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379 | res
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380 | end
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381 |
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382 | alias report item
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383 | end
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384 |
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385 |
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386 |
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387 | #
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388 | # A data object, representing the times associated with a benchmark
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389 | # measurement.
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390 | #
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391 | class Tms
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392 | CAPTION = " user system total real\n"
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393 | FMTSTR = "%10.6u %10.6y %10.6t %10.6r\n"
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394 |
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395 | # User CPU time
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396 | attr_reader :utime
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397 |
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398 | # System CPU time
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399 | attr_reader :stime
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400 |
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401 | # User CPU time of children
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402 | attr_reader :cutime
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403 |
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404 | # System CPU time of children
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405 | attr_reader :cstime
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406 |
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407 | # Elapsed real time
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408 | attr_reader :real
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409 |
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410 | # Total time, that is _utime_ + _stime_ + _cutime_ + _cstime_
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411 | attr_reader :total
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412 |
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413 | # Label
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414 | attr_reader :label
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415 |
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416 | #
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417 | # Returns an initialized Tms object which has
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418 | # _u_ as the user CPU time, _s_ as the system CPU time,
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419 | # _cu_ as the children's user CPU time, _cs_ as the children's
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420 | # system CPU time, _real_ as the elapsed real time and _l_
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421 | # as the label.
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422 | #
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423 | def initialize(u = 0.0, s = 0.0, cu = 0.0, cs = 0.0, real = 0.0, l = nil)
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424 | @utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real, @label = u, s, cu, cs, real, l
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425 | @total = @utime + @stime + @cutime + @cstime
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426 | end
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427 |
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428 | #
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429 | # Returns a new Tms object whose times are the sum of the times for this
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430 | # Tms object, plus the time required to execute the code block (_blk_).
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431 | #
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432 | def add(&blk) # :yield:
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433 | self + Benchmark::measure(&blk)
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434 | end
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435 |
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436 | #
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437 | # An in-place version of #add.
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438 | #
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439 | def add!
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440 | t = Benchmark::measure(&blk)
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441 | @utime = utime + t.utime
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442 | @stime = stime + t.stime
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443 | @cutime = cutime + t.cutime
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444 | @cstime = cstime + t.cstime
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445 | @real = real + t.real
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446 | self
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447 | end
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448 |
|
---|
449 | #
|
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450 | # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise summation
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451 | # of the individual times for this Tms object with those of the other
|
---|
452 | # Tms object.
|
---|
453 | # This method and #/() are useful for taking statistics.
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454 | #
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455 | def +(other); memberwise(:+, other) end
|
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456 |
|
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457 | #
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458 | # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise subtraction
|
---|
459 | # of the individual times for the other Tms object from those of this
|
---|
460 | # Tms object.
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461 | #
|
---|
462 | def -(other); memberwise(:-, other) end
|
---|
463 |
|
---|
464 | #
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465 | # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise multiplication
|
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466 | # of the individual times for this Tms object by _x_.
|
---|
467 | #
|
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468 | def *(x); memberwise(:*, x) end
|
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469 |
|
---|
470 | #
|
---|
471 | # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise division
|
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472 | # of the individual times for this Tms object by _x_.
|
---|
473 | # This method and #+() are useful for taking statistics.
|
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474 | #
|
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475 | def /(x); memberwise(:/, x) end
|
---|
476 |
|
---|
477 | #
|
---|
478 | # Returns the contents of this Tms object as
|
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479 | # a formatted string, according to a format string
|
---|
480 | # like that passed to Kernel.format. In addition, #format
|
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481 | # accepts the following extensions:
|
---|
482 | #
|
---|
483 | # <tt>%u</tt>:: Replaced by the user CPU time, as reported by Tms#utime.
|
---|
484 | # <tt>%y</tt>:: Replaced by the system CPU time, as reported by #stime (Mnemonic: y of "s*y*stem")
|
---|
485 | # <tt>%U</tt>:: Replaced by the children's user CPU time, as reported by Tms#cutime
|
---|
486 | # <tt>%Y</tt>:: Replaced by the children's system CPU time, as reported by Tms#cstime
|
---|
487 | # <tt>%t</tt>:: Replaced by the total CPU time, as reported by Tms#total
|
---|
488 | # <tt>%r</tt>:: Replaced by the elapsed real time, as reported by Tms#real
|
---|
489 | # <tt>%n</tt>:: Replaced by the label string, as reported by Tms#label (Mnemonic: n of "*n*ame")
|
---|
490 | #
|
---|
491 | # If _fmtstr_ is not given, FMTSTR is used as default value, detailing the
|
---|
492 | # user, system and real elapsed time.
|
---|
493 | #
|
---|
494 | def format(arg0 = nil, *args)
|
---|
495 | fmtstr = (arg0 || FMTSTR).dup
|
---|
496 | fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)n/){"#{$1}s" % label}
|
---|
497 | fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)u/){"#{$1}f" % utime}
|
---|
498 | fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)y/){"#{$1}f" % stime}
|
---|
499 | fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)U/){"#{$1}f" % cutime}
|
---|
500 | fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)Y/){"#{$1}f" % cstime}
|
---|
501 | fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)t/){"#{$1}f" % total}
|
---|
502 | fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)r/){"(#{$1}f)" % real}
|
---|
503 | arg0 ? Kernel::format(fmtstr, *args) : fmtstr
|
---|
504 | end
|
---|
505 |
|
---|
506 | #
|
---|
507 | # Same as #format.
|
---|
508 | #
|
---|
509 | def to_s
|
---|
510 | format
|
---|
511 | end
|
---|
512 |
|
---|
513 | #
|
---|
514 | # Returns a new 6-element array, consisting of the
|
---|
515 | # label, user CPU time, system CPU time, children's
|
---|
516 | # user CPU time, children's system CPU time and elapsed
|
---|
517 | # real time.
|
---|
518 | #
|
---|
519 | def to_a
|
---|
520 | [@label, @utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real]
|
---|
521 | end
|
---|
522 |
|
---|
523 | protected
|
---|
524 | def memberwise(op, x)
|
---|
525 | case x
|
---|
526 | when Benchmark::Tms
|
---|
527 | Benchmark::Tms.new(utime.__send__(op, x.utime),
|
---|
528 | stime.__send__(op, x.stime),
|
---|
529 | cutime.__send__(op, x.cutime),
|
---|
530 | cstime.__send__(op, x.cstime),
|
---|
531 | real.__send__(op, x.real)
|
---|
532 | )
|
---|
533 | else
|
---|
534 | Benchmark::Tms.new(utime.__send__(op, x),
|
---|
535 | stime.__send__(op, x),
|
---|
536 | cutime.__send__(op, x),
|
---|
537 | cstime.__send__(op, x),
|
---|
538 | real.__send__(op, x)
|
---|
539 | )
|
---|
540 | end
|
---|
541 | end
|
---|
542 | end
|
---|
543 |
|
---|
544 | # The default caption string (heading above the output times).
|
---|
545 | CAPTION = Benchmark::Tms::CAPTION
|
---|
546 |
|
---|
547 | # The default format string used to display times. See also Benchmark::Tms#format.
|
---|
548 | FMTSTR = Benchmark::Tms::FMTSTR
|
---|
549 | end
|
---|
550 |
|
---|
551 | if __FILE__ == $0
|
---|
552 | include Benchmark
|
---|
553 |
|
---|
554 | n = ARGV[0].to_i.nonzero? || 50000
|
---|
555 | puts %Q([#{n} times iterations of `a = "1"'])
|
---|
556 | benchmark(" " + CAPTION, 7, FMTSTR) do |x|
|
---|
557 | x.report("for:") {for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end} # Benchmark::measure
|
---|
558 | x.report("times:") {n.times do ; a = "1"; end}
|
---|
559 | x.report("upto:") {1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end}
|
---|
560 | end
|
---|
561 |
|
---|
562 | benchmark do
|
---|
563 | [
|
---|
564 | measure{for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end}, # Benchmark::measure
|
---|
565 | measure{n.times do ; a = "1"; end},
|
---|
566 | measure{1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end}
|
---|
567 | ]
|
---|
568 | end
|
---|
569 | end
|
---|