1 |
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2 | require 5;
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3 | package I18N::LangTags::List;
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4 | # Time-stamp: "2004-10-06 23:26:21 ADT"
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5 | use strict;
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6 | use vars qw(%Name %Is_Disrec $Debug $VERSION);
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7 | $VERSION = '0.35';
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8 | # POD at the end.
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9 |
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10 | #----------------------------------------------------------------------
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11 | {
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12 | # read the table out of our own POD!
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13 | my $seeking = 1;
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14 | my $count = 0;
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15 | my($disrec,$tag,$name);
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16 | my $last_name = '';
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17 | while(<I18N::LangTags::List::DATA>) {
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18 | if($seeking) {
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19 | $seeking = 0 if m/=for woohah/;
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20 | } elsif( ($disrec, $tag, $name) =
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21 | m/(\[?)\{([-0-9a-zA-Z]+)\}(?:\s*:)?\s*([^\[\]]+)/
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22 | ) {
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23 | $name =~ s/\s*[;\.]*\s*$//g;
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24 | next unless $name;
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25 | ++$count;
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26 | print "<$tag> <$name>\n" if $Debug;
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27 | $last_name = $Name{$tag} = $name;
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28 | $Is_Disrec{$tag} = 1 if $disrec;
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29 | } elsif (m/[Ff]ormerly \"([-a-z0-9]+)\"/) {
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30 | $Name{$1} = "$last_name (old tag)" if $last_name;
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31 | $Is_Disrec{$1} = 1;
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32 | }
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33 | }
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34 | die "No tags read??" unless $count;
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35 | }
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36 | #----------------------------------------------------------------------
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37 |
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38 | sub name {
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39 | my $tag = lc($_[0] || return);
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40 | $tag =~ s/^\s+//s;
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41 | $tag =~ s/\s+$//s;
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42 |
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43 | my $alt;
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44 | if($tag =~ m/^x-(.+)/) {
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45 | $alt = "i-$1";
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46 | } elsif($tag =~ m/^i-(.+)/) {
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47 | $alt = "x-$1";
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48 | } else {
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49 | $alt = '';
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50 | }
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51 |
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52 | my $subform = '';
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53 | my $name = '';
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54 | print "Input: {$tag}\n" if $Debug;
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55 | while(length $tag) {
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56 | last if $name = $Name{$tag};
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57 | last if $name = $Name{$alt};
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58 | if($tag =~ s/(-[a-z0-9]+)$//s) {
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59 | print "Shaving off: $1 leaving $tag\n" if $Debug;
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60 | $subform = "$1$subform";
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61 | # and loop around again
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62 |
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63 | $alt =~ s/(-[a-z0-9]+)$//s && $Debug && print " alt -> $alt\n";
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64 | } else {
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65 | # we're trying to pull a subform off a primary tag. TILT!
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66 | print "Aborting on: {$name}{$subform}\n" if $Debug;
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67 | last;
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68 | }
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69 | }
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70 | print "Output: {$name}{$subform}\n" if $Debug;
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71 |
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72 | return unless $name; # Failure
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73 | return $name unless $subform; # Exact match
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74 | $subform =~ s/^-//s;
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75 | $subform =~ s/-$//s;
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76 | return "$name (Subform \"$subform\")";
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77 | }
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78 |
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79 | #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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80 |
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81 | sub is_decent {
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82 | my $tag = lc($_[0] || return 0);
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83 | #require I18N::LangTags;
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84 |
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85 | return 0 unless
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86 | $tag =~
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87 | /^(?: # First subtag
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88 | [xi] | [a-z]{2,3}
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89 | )
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90 | (?: # Subtags thereafter
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91 | - # separator
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92 | [a-z0-9]{1,8} # subtag
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93 | )*
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94 | $/xs;
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95 |
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96 | my @supers = ();
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97 | foreach my $bit (split('-', $tag)) {
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98 | push @supers,
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99 | scalar(@supers) ? ($supers[-1] . '-' . $bit) : $bit;
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100 | }
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101 | return 0 unless @supers;
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102 | shift @supers if $supers[0] =~ m<^(i|x|sgn)$>s;
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103 | return 0 unless @supers;
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104 |
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105 | foreach my $f ($tag, @supers) {
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106 | return 0 if $Is_Disrec{$f};
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107 | return 2 if $Name{$f};
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108 | # so that decent subforms of indecent tags are decent
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109 | }
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110 | return 2 if $Name{$tag}; # not only is it decent, it's known!
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111 | return 1;
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112 | }
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113 |
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114 | #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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115 | 1;
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116 |
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117 | __DATA__
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118 |
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119 | =head1 NAME
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120 |
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121 | I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
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122 |
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123 | =head1 SYNOPSIS
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124 |
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125 | use I18N::LangTags::List;
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126 | print "Parlez-vous... ", join(', ',
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127 | I18N::LangTags::List::name('elx') || 'unknown_language',
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128 | I18N::LangTags::List::name('ar-Kw') || 'unknown_language',
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129 | I18N::LangTags::List::name('en') || 'unknown_language',
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130 | I18N::LangTags::List::name('en-CA') || 'unknown_language',
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131 | ), "?\n";
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132 |
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133 | prints:
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134 |
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135 | Parlez-vous... Elamite, Kuwait Arabic, English, Canadian English?
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136 |
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137 | =head1 DESCRIPTION
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138 |
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139 | This module provides a function
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140 | C<I18N::LangTags::List::name( I<langtag> ) > that takes
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141 | a language tag (see L<I18N::LangTags|I18N::LangTags>)
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142 | and returns the best attempt at an English name for it, or
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143 | undef if it can't make sense of the tag.
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144 |
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145 | The function I18N::LangTags::List::name(...) is not exported.
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146 |
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147 | This module also provides a function
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148 | C<I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent( I<langtag> )> that returns true iff
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149 | the language tag is syntactically valid and is for general use (like
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150 | "fr" or "fr-ca", below). That is, it returns false for tags that are
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151 | syntactically invalid and for tags, like "aus", that are listed in
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152 | brackets below. This function is not exported.
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153 |
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154 | The map of tags-to-names that it uses is accessable as
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155 | %I18N::LangTags::List::Name, and it's the same as the list
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156 | that follows in this documentation, which should be useful
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157 | to you even if you don't use this module.
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158 |
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159 | =head1 ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
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160 |
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161 | Internet language tags, as defined in RFC 3066, are a formalism
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162 | for denoting human languages. The two-letter ISO 639-1 language
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163 | codes are well known (as "en" for English), as are their forms
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164 | when qualified by a country code ("en-US"). Less well-known are the
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165 | arbitrary-length non-ISO codes (like "i-mingo"), and the
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166 | recently (in 2001) introduced three-letter ISO-639-2 codes.
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167 |
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168 | Remember these important facts:
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169 |
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170 | =over
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171 |
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172 | =item *
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173 |
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174 | Language tags are not locale IDs. A locale ID is written with a "_"
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175 | instead of a "-", (almost?) always matches C<m/^\w\w_\w\w\b/>, and
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176 | I<means> something different than a language tag. A language tag
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177 | denotes a language. A locale ID denotes a language I<as used in>
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178 | a particular place, in combination with non-linguistic
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179 | location-specific information such as what currency is used
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180 | there. Locales I<also> often denote character set information,
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181 | as in "en_US.ISO8859-1".
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182 |
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183 | =item *
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184 |
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185 | Language tags are not for computer languages.
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186 |
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187 | =item *
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188 |
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189 | "Dialect" is not a useful term, since there is no objective
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190 | criterion for establishing when two language-forms are
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191 | dialects of eachother, or are separate languages.
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192 |
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193 | =item *
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194 |
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195 | Language tags are not case-sensitive. en-US, en-us, En-Us, etc.,
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196 | are all the same tag, and denote the same language.
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197 |
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198 | =item *
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199 |
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200 | Not every language tag really refers to a single language. Some
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201 | language tags refer to conditions: i-default (system-message text
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202 | in English plus maybe other languages), und (undetermined
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203 | language). Others (notably lots of the three-letter codes) are
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204 | bibliographic tags that classify whole groups of languages, as
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205 | with cus "Cushitic (Other)" (i.e., a
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206 | language that has been classed as Cushtic, but which has no more
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207 | specific code) or the even less linguistically coherent
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208 | sai for "South American Indian (Other)". Though useful in
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209 | bibliography, B<SUCH TAGS ARE NOT
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210 | FOR GENERAL USE>. For further guidance, email me.
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211 |
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212 | =item *
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213 |
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214 | Language tags are not country codes. In fact, they are often
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215 | distinct codes, as with language tag ja for Japanese, and
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216 | ISO 3166 country code C<.jp> for Japan.
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217 |
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218 | =back
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219 |
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220 | =head1 LIST OF LANGUAGES
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221 |
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222 | The first part of each item is the language tag, between
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223 | {...}. It
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224 | is followed by an English name for the language or language-group.
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225 | Language tags that I judge to be not for general use, are bracketed.
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226 |
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227 | This list is in alphabetical order by English name of the language.
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228 |
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229 | =for reminder
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230 | The name in the =item line MUST NOT have E<...>'s in it!!
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231 |
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232 | =for woohah START
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233 |
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234 | =over
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235 |
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236 | =item {ab} : Abkhazian
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237 |
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238 | eq Abkhaz
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239 |
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240 | =item {ace} : Achinese
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241 |
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242 | =item {ach} : Acoli
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243 |
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244 | =item {ada} : Adangme
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245 |
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246 | =item {ady} : Adyghe
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247 |
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248 | eq Adygei
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249 |
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250 | =item {aa} : Afar
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251 |
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252 | =item {afh} : Afrihili
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253 |
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254 | (Artificial)
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255 |
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256 | =item {af} : Afrikaans
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257 |
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258 | =item [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)]
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259 |
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260 | =item {ak} : Akan
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261 |
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262 | (Formerly "aka".)
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263 |
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264 | =item {akk} : Akkadian
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265 |
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266 | (Historical)
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267 |
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268 | =item {sq} : Albanian
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269 |
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270 | =item {ale} : Aleut
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271 |
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272 | =item [{alg} : Algonquian languages]
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273 |
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274 | NOT Algonquin!
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275 |
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276 | =item [{tut} : Altaic (Other)]
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277 |
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278 | =item {am} : Amharic
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279 |
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280 | NOT Aramaic!
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281 |
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282 | =item {i-ami} : Ami
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283 |
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284 | eq Amis. eq 'Amis. eq Pangca.
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285 |
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286 | =item [{apa} : Apache languages]
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287 |
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288 | =item {ar} : Arabic
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289 |
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290 | Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media.
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291 | Notable forms:
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292 | {ar-ae} UAE Arabic;
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293 | {ar-bh} Bahrain Arabic;
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294 | {ar-dz} Algerian Arabic;
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295 | {ar-eg} Egyptian Arabic;
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296 | {ar-iq} Iraqi Arabic;
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297 | {ar-jo} Jordanian Arabic;
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298 | {ar-kw} Kuwait Arabic;
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299 | {ar-lb} Lebanese Arabic;
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300 | {ar-ly} Libyan Arabic;
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301 | {ar-ma} Moroccan Arabic;
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302 | {ar-om} Omani Arabic;
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303 | {ar-qa} Qatari Arabic;
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304 | {ar-sa} Sauda Arabic;
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305 | {ar-sy} Syrian Arabic;
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306 | {ar-tn} Tunisian Arabic;
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307 | {ar-ye} Yemen Arabic.
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308 |
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309 | =item {arc} : Aramaic
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310 |
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311 | NOT Amharic! NOT Samaritan Aramaic!
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312 |
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313 | =item {arp} : Arapaho
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314 |
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315 | =item {arn} : Araucanian
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316 |
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317 | =item {arw} : Arawak
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318 |
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319 | =item {hy} : Armenian
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320 |
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321 | =item {an} : Aragonese
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322 |
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323 | =item [{art} : Artificial (Other)]
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324 |
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325 | =item {ast} : Asturian
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326 |
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327 | eq Bable.
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328 |
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329 | =item {as} : Assamese
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330 |
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331 | =item [{ath} : Athapascan languages]
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332 |
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333 | eq Athabaskan. eq Athapaskan. eq Athabascan.
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334 |
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335 | =item [{aus} : Australian languages]
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336 |
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337 | =item [{map} : Austronesian (Other)]
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338 |
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339 | =item {av} : Avaric
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340 |
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341 | (Formerly "ava".)
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342 |
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343 | =item {ae} : Avestan
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344 |
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345 | eq Zend
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346 |
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347 | =item {awa} : Awadhi
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348 |
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349 | =item {ay} : Aymara
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350 |
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351 | =item {az} : Azerbaijani
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352 |
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353 | eq Azeri
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354 |
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355 | Notable forms:
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356 | {az-Arab} Azerbaijani in Arabic script;
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357 | {az-Cyrl} Azerbaijani in Cyrillic script;
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358 | {az-Latn} Azerbaijani in Latin script.
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359 |
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360 | =item {ban} : Balinese
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361 |
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362 | =item [{bat} : Baltic (Other)]
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363 |
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364 | =item {bal} : Baluchi
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365 |
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366 | =item {bm} : Bambara
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367 |
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368 | (Formerly "bam".)
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369 |
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370 | =item [{bai} : Bamileke languages]
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371 |
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372 | =item {bad} : Banda
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373 |
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374 | =item [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)]
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375 |
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376 | =item {bas} : Basa
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377 |
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378 | =item {ba} : Bashkir
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379 |
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380 | =item {eu} : Basque
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381 |
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382 | =item {btk} : Batak (Indonesia)
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383 |
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384 | =item {bej} : Beja
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385 |
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386 | =item {be} : Belarusian
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387 |
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388 | eq Belarussian. eq Byelarussian.
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389 | eq Belorussian. eq Byelorussian.
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390 | eq White Russian. eq White Ruthenian.
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391 | NOT Ruthenian!
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392 |
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393 | =item {bem} : Bemba
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394 |
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395 | =item {bn} : Bengali
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396 |
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397 | eq Bangla.
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398 |
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399 | =item [{ber} : Berber (Other)]
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400 |
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401 | =item {bho} : Bhojpuri
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402 |
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403 | =item {bh} : Bihari
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404 |
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405 | =item {bik} : Bikol
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406 |
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407 | =item {bin} : Bini
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408 |
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409 | =item {bi} : Bislama
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410 |
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411 | eq Bichelamar.
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412 |
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413 | =item {bs} : Bosnian
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414 |
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415 | =item {bra} : Braj
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416 |
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417 | =item {br} : Breton
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418 |
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419 | =item {bug} : Buginese
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420 |
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421 | =item {bg} : Bulgarian
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422 |
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423 | =item {i-bnn} : Bunun
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424 |
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425 | =item {bua} : Buriat
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426 |
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427 | =item {my} : Burmese
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428 |
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429 | =item {cad} : Caddo
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430 |
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431 | =item {car} : Carib
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432 |
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433 | =item {ca} : Catalan
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434 |
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435 | eq CatalE<aacute>n. eq Catalonian.
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436 |
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437 | =item [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)]
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438 |
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439 | =item {ceb} : Cebuano
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440 |
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441 | =item [{cel} : Celtic (Other)]
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442 |
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443 | Notable forms:
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444 | {cel-gaulish} Gaulish (Historical)
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445 |
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446 | =item [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)]
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447 |
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448 | =item {chg} : Chagatai
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449 |
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450 | (Historical?)
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451 |
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452 | =item [{cmc} : Chamic languages]
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453 |
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454 | =item {ch} : Chamorro
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455 |
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456 | =item {ce} : Chechen
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457 |
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458 | =item {chr} : Cherokee
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459 |
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460 | eq Tsalagi
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461 |
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462 | =item {chy} : Cheyenne
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463 |
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464 | =item {chb} : Chibcha
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465 |
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466 | (Historical) NOT Chibchan (which is a language family).
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467 |
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468 | =item {ny} : Chichewa
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469 |
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470 | eq Nyanja. eq Chinyanja.
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471 |
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472 | =item {zh} : Chinese
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473 |
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474 | Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media.
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475 | Notable forms:
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476 | {zh-Hans} Chinese, in simplified script;
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477 | {zh-Hant} Chinese, in traditional script;
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478 | {zh-tw} Taiwan Chinese;
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479 | {zh-cn} PRC Chinese;
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480 | {zh-sg} Singapore Chinese;
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481 | {zh-mo} Macau Chinese;
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482 | {zh-hk} Hong Kong Chinese;
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483 | {zh-guoyu} Mandarin [Putonghua/Guoyu];
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484 | {zh-hakka} Hakka [formerly "i-hakka"];
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485 | {zh-min} Hokkien;
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486 | {zh-min-nan} Southern Hokkien;
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487 | {zh-wuu} Shanghaiese;
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488 | {zh-xiang} Hunanese;
|
---|
489 | {zh-gan} Gan;
|
---|
490 | {zh-yue} Cantonese.
|
---|
491 |
|
---|
492 | =for etc
|
---|
493 | {i-hakka} Hakka (old tag)
|
---|
494 |
|
---|
495 | =item {chn} : Chinook Jargon
|
---|
496 |
|
---|
497 | eq Chinook Wawa.
|
---|
498 |
|
---|
499 | =item {chp} : Chipewyan
|
---|
500 |
|
---|
501 | =item {cho} : Choctaw
|
---|
502 |
|
---|
503 | =item {cu} : Church Slavic
|
---|
504 |
|
---|
505 | eq Old Church Slavonic.
|
---|
506 |
|
---|
507 | =item {chk} : Chuukese
|
---|
508 |
|
---|
509 | eq Trukese. eq Chuuk. eq Truk. eq Ruk.
|
---|
510 |
|
---|
511 | =item {cv} : Chuvash
|
---|
512 |
|
---|
513 | =item {cop} : Coptic
|
---|
514 |
|
---|
515 | =item {kw} : Cornish
|
---|
516 |
|
---|
517 | =item {co} : Corsican
|
---|
518 |
|
---|
519 | eq Corse.
|
---|
520 |
|
---|
521 | =item {cr} : Cree
|
---|
522 |
|
---|
523 | NOT Creek! (Formerly "cre".)
|
---|
524 |
|
---|
525 | =item {mus} : Creek
|
---|
526 |
|
---|
527 | NOT Cree!
|
---|
528 |
|
---|
529 | =item [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
|
---|
530 |
|
---|
531 | =item [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
|
---|
532 |
|
---|
533 | =item [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
|
---|
534 |
|
---|
535 | =item [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
|
---|
536 |
|
---|
537 | =item {hr} : Croatian
|
---|
538 |
|
---|
539 | eq Croat.
|
---|
540 |
|
---|
541 | =item [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)]
|
---|
542 |
|
---|
543 | =item {cs} : Czech
|
---|
544 |
|
---|
545 | =item {dak} : Dakota
|
---|
546 |
|
---|
547 | eq Nakota. eq Latoka.
|
---|
548 |
|
---|
549 | =item {da} : Danish
|
---|
550 |
|
---|
551 | =item {dar} : Dargwa
|
---|
552 |
|
---|
553 | =item {day} : Dayak
|
---|
554 |
|
---|
555 | =item {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language
|
---|
556 |
|
---|
557 | Defined in RFC 2277, this is for tagging text
|
---|
558 | (which must include English text, and might/should include text
|
---|
559 | in other appropriate languages) that is emitted in a context
|
---|
560 | where language-negotiation wasn't possible -- in SMTP mail failure
|
---|
561 | messages, for example.
|
---|
562 |
|
---|
563 | =item {del} : Delaware
|
---|
564 |
|
---|
565 | =item {din} : Dinka
|
---|
566 |
|
---|
567 | =item {dv} : Divehi
|
---|
568 |
|
---|
569 | eq Maldivian. (Formerly "div".)
|
---|
570 |
|
---|
571 | =item {doi} : Dogri
|
---|
572 |
|
---|
573 | NOT Dogrib!
|
---|
574 |
|
---|
575 | =item {dgr} : Dogrib
|
---|
576 |
|
---|
577 | NOT Dogri!
|
---|
578 |
|
---|
579 | =item [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)]
|
---|
580 |
|
---|
581 | =item {dua} : Duala
|
---|
582 |
|
---|
583 | =item {nl} : Dutch
|
---|
584 |
|
---|
585 | eq Netherlander. Notable forms:
|
---|
586 | {nl-nl} Netherlands Dutch;
|
---|
587 | {nl-be} Belgian Dutch.
|
---|
588 |
|
---|
589 | =item {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350)
|
---|
590 |
|
---|
591 | (Historical)
|
---|
592 |
|
---|
593 | =item {dyu} : Dyula
|
---|
594 |
|
---|
595 | =item {dz} : Dzongkha
|
---|
596 |
|
---|
597 | =item {efi} : Efik
|
---|
598 |
|
---|
599 | =item {egy} : Ancient Egyptian
|
---|
600 |
|
---|
601 | (Historical)
|
---|
602 |
|
---|
603 | =item {eka} : Ekajuk
|
---|
604 |
|
---|
605 | =item {elx} : Elamite
|
---|
606 |
|
---|
607 | (Historical)
|
---|
608 |
|
---|
609 | =item {en} : English
|
---|
610 |
|
---|
611 | Notable forms:
|
---|
612 | {en-au} Australian English;
|
---|
613 | {en-bz} Belize English;
|
---|
614 | {en-ca} Canadian English;
|
---|
615 | {en-gb} UK English;
|
---|
616 | {en-ie} Irish English;
|
---|
617 | {en-jm} Jamaican English;
|
---|
618 | {en-nz} New Zealand English;
|
---|
619 | {en-ph} Philippine English;
|
---|
620 | {en-tt} Trinidad English;
|
---|
621 | {en-us} US English;
|
---|
622 | {en-za} South African English;
|
---|
623 | {en-zw} Zimbabwe English.
|
---|
624 |
|
---|
625 | =item {enm} : Old English (1100-1500)
|
---|
626 |
|
---|
627 | (Historical)
|
---|
628 |
|
---|
629 | =item {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100)
|
---|
630 |
|
---|
631 | eq Anglo-Saxon. (Historical)
|
---|
632 |
|
---|
633 | =item {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial)
|
---|
634 |
|
---|
635 | =item {myv} : Erzya
|
---|
636 |
|
---|
637 | =item {eo} : Esperanto
|
---|
638 |
|
---|
639 | (Artificial)
|
---|
640 |
|
---|
641 | =item {et} : Estonian
|
---|
642 |
|
---|
643 | =item {ee} : Ewe
|
---|
644 |
|
---|
645 | (Formerly "ewe".)
|
---|
646 |
|
---|
647 | =item {ewo} : Ewondo
|
---|
648 |
|
---|
649 | =item {fan} : Fang
|
---|
650 |
|
---|
651 | =item {fat} : Fanti
|
---|
652 |
|
---|
653 | =item {fo} : Faroese
|
---|
654 |
|
---|
655 | =item {fj} : Fijian
|
---|
656 |
|
---|
657 | =item {fi} : Finnish
|
---|
658 |
|
---|
659 | =item [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)]
|
---|
660 |
|
---|
661 | eq Finno-Ugric. NOT Ugaritic!
|
---|
662 |
|
---|
663 | =item {fon} : Fon
|
---|
664 |
|
---|
665 | =item {fr} : French
|
---|
666 |
|
---|
667 | Notable forms:
|
---|
668 | {fr-fr} France French;
|
---|
669 | {fr-be} Belgian French;
|
---|
670 | {fr-ca} Canadian French;
|
---|
671 | {fr-ch} Swiss French;
|
---|
672 | {fr-lu} Luxembourg French;
|
---|
673 | {fr-mc} Monaco French.
|
---|
674 |
|
---|
675 | =item {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600)
|
---|
676 |
|
---|
677 | (Historical)
|
---|
678 |
|
---|
679 | =item {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400)
|
---|
680 |
|
---|
681 | (Historical)
|
---|
682 |
|
---|
683 | =item {fy} : Frisian
|
---|
684 |
|
---|
685 | =item {fur} : Friulian
|
---|
686 |
|
---|
687 | =item {ff} : Fulah
|
---|
688 |
|
---|
689 | (Formerly "ful".)
|
---|
690 |
|
---|
691 | =item {gaa} : Ga
|
---|
692 |
|
---|
693 | =item {gd} : Scots Gaelic
|
---|
694 |
|
---|
695 | NOT Scots!
|
---|
696 |
|
---|
697 | =item {gl} : Gallegan
|
---|
698 |
|
---|
699 | eq Galician
|
---|
700 |
|
---|
701 | =item {lg} : Ganda
|
---|
702 |
|
---|
703 | (Formerly "lug".)
|
---|
704 |
|
---|
705 | =item {gay} : Gayo
|
---|
706 |
|
---|
707 | =item {gba} : Gbaya
|
---|
708 |
|
---|
709 | =item {gez} : Geez
|
---|
710 |
|
---|
711 | eq Ge'ez
|
---|
712 |
|
---|
713 | =item {ka} : Georgian
|
---|
714 |
|
---|
715 | =item {de} : German
|
---|
716 |
|
---|
717 | Notable forms:
|
---|
718 | {de-at} Austrian German;
|
---|
719 | {de-be} Belgian German;
|
---|
720 | {de-ch} Swiss German;
|
---|
721 | {de-de} Germany German;
|
---|
722 | {de-li} Liechtenstein German;
|
---|
723 | {de-lu} Luxembourg German.
|
---|
724 |
|
---|
725 | =item {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500)
|
---|
726 |
|
---|
727 | (Historical)
|
---|
728 |
|
---|
729 | =item {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050)
|
---|
730 |
|
---|
731 | (Historical)
|
---|
732 |
|
---|
733 | =item [{gem} : Germanic (Other)]
|
---|
734 |
|
---|
735 | =item {gil} : Gilbertese
|
---|
736 |
|
---|
737 | =item {gon} : Gondi
|
---|
738 |
|
---|
739 | =item {gor} : Gorontalo
|
---|
740 |
|
---|
741 | =item {got} : Gothic
|
---|
742 |
|
---|
743 | (Historical)
|
---|
744 |
|
---|
745 | =item {grb} : Grebo
|
---|
746 |
|
---|
747 | =item {grc} : Ancient Greek
|
---|
748 |
|
---|
749 | (Historical) (Until 15th century or so.)
|
---|
750 |
|
---|
751 | =item {el} : Modern Greek
|
---|
752 |
|
---|
753 | (Since 15th century or so.)
|
---|
754 |
|
---|
755 | =item {gn} : Guarani
|
---|
756 |
|
---|
757 | GuaranE<iacute>
|
---|
758 |
|
---|
759 | =item {gu} : Gujarati
|
---|
760 |
|
---|
761 | =item {gwi} : Gwich'in
|
---|
762 |
|
---|
763 | eq Gwichin
|
---|
764 |
|
---|
765 | =item {hai} : Haida
|
---|
766 |
|
---|
767 | =item {ht} : Haitian
|
---|
768 |
|
---|
769 | eq Haitian Creole
|
---|
770 |
|
---|
771 | =item {ha} : Hausa
|
---|
772 |
|
---|
773 | =item {haw} : Hawaiian
|
---|
774 |
|
---|
775 | Hawai'ian
|
---|
776 |
|
---|
777 | =item {he} : Hebrew
|
---|
778 |
|
---|
779 | (Formerly "iw".)
|
---|
780 |
|
---|
781 | =for etc
|
---|
782 | {iw} Hebrew (old tag)
|
---|
783 |
|
---|
784 | =item {hz} : Herero
|
---|
785 |
|
---|
786 | =item {hil} : Hiligaynon
|
---|
787 |
|
---|
788 | =item {him} : Himachali
|
---|
789 |
|
---|
790 | =item {hi} : Hindi
|
---|
791 |
|
---|
792 | =item {ho} : Hiri Motu
|
---|
793 |
|
---|
794 | =item {hit} : Hittite
|
---|
795 |
|
---|
796 | (Historical)
|
---|
797 |
|
---|
798 | =item {hmn} : Hmong
|
---|
799 |
|
---|
800 | =item {hu} : Hungarian
|
---|
801 |
|
---|
802 | =item {hup} : Hupa
|
---|
803 |
|
---|
804 | =item {iba} : Iban
|
---|
805 |
|
---|
806 | =item {is} : Icelandic
|
---|
807 |
|
---|
808 | =item {io} : Ido
|
---|
809 |
|
---|
810 | (Artificial)
|
---|
811 |
|
---|
812 | =item {ig} : Igbo
|
---|
813 |
|
---|
814 | (Formerly "ibo".)
|
---|
815 |
|
---|
816 | =item {ijo} : Ijo
|
---|
817 |
|
---|
818 | =item {ilo} : Iloko
|
---|
819 |
|
---|
820 | =item [{inc} : Indic (Other)]
|
---|
821 |
|
---|
822 | =item [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)]
|
---|
823 |
|
---|
824 | =item {id} : Indonesian
|
---|
825 |
|
---|
826 | (Formerly "in".)
|
---|
827 |
|
---|
828 | =for etc
|
---|
829 | {in} Indonesian (old tag)
|
---|
830 |
|
---|
831 | =item {inh} : Ingush
|
---|
832 |
|
---|
833 | =item {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)
|
---|
834 |
|
---|
835 | (Artificial) NOT Interlingue!
|
---|
836 |
|
---|
837 | =item {ie} : Interlingue
|
---|
838 |
|
---|
839 | (Artificial) NOT Interlingua!
|
---|
840 |
|
---|
841 | =item {iu} : Inuktitut
|
---|
842 |
|
---|
843 | A subform of "Eskimo".
|
---|
844 |
|
---|
845 | =item {ik} : Inupiaq
|
---|
846 |
|
---|
847 | A subform of "Eskimo".
|
---|
848 |
|
---|
849 | =item [{ira} : Iranian (Other)]
|
---|
850 |
|
---|
851 | =item {ga} : Irish
|
---|
852 |
|
---|
853 | =item {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200)
|
---|
854 |
|
---|
855 | (Historical)
|
---|
856 |
|
---|
857 | =item {sga} : Old Irish (to 900)
|
---|
858 |
|
---|
859 | (Historical)
|
---|
860 |
|
---|
861 | =item [{iro} : Iroquoian languages]
|
---|
862 |
|
---|
863 | =item {it} : Italian
|
---|
864 |
|
---|
865 | Notable forms:
|
---|
866 | {it-it} Italy Italian;
|
---|
867 | {it-ch} Swiss Italian.
|
---|
868 |
|
---|
869 | =item {ja} : Japanese
|
---|
870 |
|
---|
871 | (NOT "jp"!)
|
---|
872 |
|
---|
873 | =item {jv} : Javanese
|
---|
874 |
|
---|
875 | (Formerly "jw" because of a typo.)
|
---|
876 |
|
---|
877 | =item {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic
|
---|
878 |
|
---|
879 | =item {jpr} : Judeo-Persian
|
---|
880 |
|
---|
881 | =item {kbd} : Kabardian
|
---|
882 |
|
---|
883 | =item {kab} : Kabyle
|
---|
884 |
|
---|
885 | =item {kac} : Kachin
|
---|
886 |
|
---|
887 | =item {kl} : Kalaallisut
|
---|
888 |
|
---|
889 | eq Greenlandic "Eskimo"
|
---|
890 |
|
---|
891 | =item {xal} : Kalmyk
|
---|
892 |
|
---|
893 | =item {kam} : Kamba
|
---|
894 |
|
---|
895 | =item {kn} : Kannada
|
---|
896 |
|
---|
897 | eq Kanarese. NOT Canadian!
|
---|
898 |
|
---|
899 | =item {kr} : Kanuri
|
---|
900 |
|
---|
901 | (Formerly "kau".)
|
---|
902 |
|
---|
903 | =item {krc} : Karachay-Balkar
|
---|
904 |
|
---|
905 | =item {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak
|
---|
906 |
|
---|
907 | =item {kar} : Karen
|
---|
908 |
|
---|
909 | =item {ks} : Kashmiri
|
---|
910 |
|
---|
911 | =item {csb} : Kashubian
|
---|
912 |
|
---|
913 | eq Kashub
|
---|
914 |
|
---|
915 | =item {kaw} : Kawi
|
---|
916 |
|
---|
917 | =item {kk} : Kazakh
|
---|
918 |
|
---|
919 | =item {kha} : Khasi
|
---|
920 |
|
---|
921 | =item {km} : Khmer
|
---|
922 |
|
---|
923 | eq Cambodian. eq Kampuchean.
|
---|
924 |
|
---|
925 | =item [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)]
|
---|
926 |
|
---|
927 | =item {kho} : Khotanese
|
---|
928 |
|
---|
929 | =item {ki} : Kikuyu
|
---|
930 |
|
---|
931 | eq Gikuyu.
|
---|
932 |
|
---|
933 | =item {kmb} : Kimbundu
|
---|
934 |
|
---|
935 | =item {rw} : Kinyarwanda
|
---|
936 |
|
---|
937 | =item {ky} : Kirghiz
|
---|
938 |
|
---|
939 | =item {i-klingon} : Klingon
|
---|
940 |
|
---|
941 | =item {kv} : Komi
|
---|
942 |
|
---|
943 | =item {kg} : Kongo
|
---|
944 |
|
---|
945 | (Formerly "kon".)
|
---|
946 |
|
---|
947 | =item {kok} : Konkani
|
---|
948 |
|
---|
949 | =item {ko} : Korean
|
---|
950 |
|
---|
951 | =item {kos} : Kosraean
|
---|
952 |
|
---|
953 | =item {kpe} : Kpelle
|
---|
954 |
|
---|
955 | =item {kro} : Kru
|
---|
956 |
|
---|
957 | =item {kj} : Kuanyama
|
---|
958 |
|
---|
959 | =item {kum} : Kumyk
|
---|
960 |
|
---|
961 | =item {ku} : Kurdish
|
---|
962 |
|
---|
963 | =item {kru} : Kurukh
|
---|
964 |
|
---|
965 | =item {kut} : Kutenai
|
---|
966 |
|
---|
967 | =item {lad} : Ladino
|
---|
968 |
|
---|
969 | eq Judeo-Spanish. NOT Ladin (a minority language in Italy).
|
---|
970 |
|
---|
971 | =item {lah} : Lahnda
|
---|
972 |
|
---|
973 | NOT Lamba!
|
---|
974 |
|
---|
975 | =item {lam} : Lamba
|
---|
976 |
|
---|
977 | NOT Lahnda!
|
---|
978 |
|
---|
979 | =item {lo} : Lao
|
---|
980 |
|
---|
981 | eq Laotian.
|
---|
982 |
|
---|
983 | =item {la} : Latin
|
---|
984 |
|
---|
985 | (Historical) NOT Ladin! NOT Ladino!
|
---|
986 |
|
---|
987 | =item {lv} : Latvian
|
---|
988 |
|
---|
989 | eq Lettish.
|
---|
990 |
|
---|
991 | =item {lb} : Letzeburgesch
|
---|
992 |
|
---|
993 | eq Luxemburgian, eq Luxemburger. (Formerly "i-lux".)
|
---|
994 |
|
---|
995 | =for etc
|
---|
996 | {i-lux} Letzeburgesch (old tag)
|
---|
997 |
|
---|
998 | =item {lez} : Lezghian
|
---|
999 |
|
---|
1000 | =item {li} : Limburgish
|
---|
1001 |
|
---|
1002 | eq Limburger, eq Limburgan. NOT Letzeburgesch!
|
---|
1003 |
|
---|
1004 | =item {ln} : Lingala
|
---|
1005 |
|
---|
1006 | =item {lt} : Lithuanian
|
---|
1007 |
|
---|
1008 | =item {nds} : Low German
|
---|
1009 |
|
---|
1010 | eq Low Saxon. eq Low German. eq Low Saxon.
|
---|
1011 |
|
---|
1012 | =item {art-lojban} : Lojban (Artificial)
|
---|
1013 |
|
---|
1014 | =item {loz} : Lozi
|
---|
1015 |
|
---|
1016 | =item {lu} : Luba-Katanga
|
---|
1017 |
|
---|
1018 | (Formerly "lub".)
|
---|
1019 |
|
---|
1020 | =item {lua} : Luba-Lulua
|
---|
1021 |
|
---|
1022 | =item {lui} : Luiseno
|
---|
1023 |
|
---|
1024 | eq LuiseE<ntilde>o.
|
---|
1025 |
|
---|
1026 | =item {lun} : Lunda
|
---|
1027 |
|
---|
1028 | =item {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
|
---|
1029 |
|
---|
1030 | =item {lus} : Lushai
|
---|
1031 |
|
---|
1032 | =item {mk} : Macedonian
|
---|
1033 |
|
---|
1034 | eq the modern Slavic language spoken in what was Yugoslavia.
|
---|
1035 | NOT the form of Greek spoken in Greek Macedonia!
|
---|
1036 |
|
---|
1037 | =item {mad} : Madurese
|
---|
1038 |
|
---|
1039 | =item {mag} : Magahi
|
---|
1040 |
|
---|
1041 | =item {mai} : Maithili
|
---|
1042 |
|
---|
1043 | =item {mak} : Makasar
|
---|
1044 |
|
---|
1045 | =item {mg} : Malagasy
|
---|
1046 |
|
---|
1047 | =item {ms} : Malay
|
---|
1048 |
|
---|
1049 | NOT Malayalam!
|
---|
1050 |
|
---|
1051 | =item {ml} : Malayalam
|
---|
1052 |
|
---|
1053 | NOT Malay!
|
---|
1054 |
|
---|
1055 | =item {mt} : Maltese
|
---|
1056 |
|
---|
1057 | =item {mnc} : Manchu
|
---|
1058 |
|
---|
1059 | =item {mdr} : Mandar
|
---|
1060 |
|
---|
1061 | NOT Mandarin!
|
---|
1062 |
|
---|
1063 | =item {man} : Mandingo
|
---|
1064 |
|
---|
1065 | =item {mni} : Manipuri
|
---|
1066 |
|
---|
1067 | eq Meithei.
|
---|
1068 |
|
---|
1069 | =item [{mno} : Manobo languages]
|
---|
1070 |
|
---|
1071 | =item {gv} : Manx
|
---|
1072 |
|
---|
1073 | =item {mi} : Maori
|
---|
1074 |
|
---|
1075 | NOT Mari!
|
---|
1076 |
|
---|
1077 | =item {mr} : Marathi
|
---|
1078 |
|
---|
1079 | =item {chm} : Mari
|
---|
1080 |
|
---|
1081 | NOT Maori!
|
---|
1082 |
|
---|
1083 | =item {mh} : Marshall
|
---|
1084 |
|
---|
1085 | eq Marshallese.
|
---|
1086 |
|
---|
1087 | =item {mwr} : Marwari
|
---|
1088 |
|
---|
1089 | =item {mas} : Masai
|
---|
1090 |
|
---|
1091 | =item [{myn} : Mayan languages]
|
---|
1092 |
|
---|
1093 | =item {men} : Mende
|
---|
1094 |
|
---|
1095 | =item {mic} : Micmac
|
---|
1096 |
|
---|
1097 | =item {min} : Minangkabau
|
---|
1098 |
|
---|
1099 | =item {i-mingo} : Mingo
|
---|
1100 |
|
---|
1101 | eq the Irquoian language West Virginia Seneca. NOT New York Seneca!
|
---|
1102 |
|
---|
1103 | =item [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages]
|
---|
1104 |
|
---|
1105 | Don't use this.
|
---|
1106 |
|
---|
1107 | =item {moh} : Mohawk
|
---|
1108 |
|
---|
1109 | =item {mdf} : Moksha
|
---|
1110 |
|
---|
1111 | =item {mo} : Moldavian
|
---|
1112 |
|
---|
1113 | eq Moldovan.
|
---|
1114 |
|
---|
1115 | =item [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)]
|
---|
1116 |
|
---|
1117 | =item {lol} : Mongo
|
---|
1118 |
|
---|
1119 | =item {mn} : Mongolian
|
---|
1120 |
|
---|
1121 | eq Mongol.
|
---|
1122 |
|
---|
1123 | =item {mos} : Mossi
|
---|
1124 |
|
---|
1125 | =item [{mul} : Multiple languages]
|
---|
1126 |
|
---|
1127 | Not for normal use.
|
---|
1128 |
|
---|
1129 | =item [{mun} : Munda languages]
|
---|
1130 |
|
---|
1131 | =item {nah} : Nahuatl
|
---|
1132 |
|
---|
1133 | =item {nap} : Neapolitan
|
---|
1134 |
|
---|
1135 | =item {na} : Nauru
|
---|
1136 |
|
---|
1137 | =item {nv} : Navajo
|
---|
1138 |
|
---|
1139 | eq Navaho. (Formerly "i-navajo".)
|
---|
1140 |
|
---|
1141 | =for etc
|
---|
1142 | {i-navajo} Navajo (old tag)
|
---|
1143 |
|
---|
1144 | =item {nd} : North Ndebele
|
---|
1145 |
|
---|
1146 | =item {nr} : South Ndebele
|
---|
1147 |
|
---|
1148 | =item {ng} : Ndonga
|
---|
1149 |
|
---|
1150 | =item {ne} : Nepali
|
---|
1151 |
|
---|
1152 | eq Nepalese. Notable forms:
|
---|
1153 | {ne-np} Nepal Nepali;
|
---|
1154 | {ne-in} India Nepali.
|
---|
1155 |
|
---|
1156 | =item {new} : Newari
|
---|
1157 |
|
---|
1158 | =item {nia} : Nias
|
---|
1159 |
|
---|
1160 | =item [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)]
|
---|
1161 |
|
---|
1162 | =item [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)]
|
---|
1163 |
|
---|
1164 | =item {niu} : Niuean
|
---|
1165 |
|
---|
1166 | =item {nog} : Nogai
|
---|
1167 |
|
---|
1168 | =item {non} : Old Norse
|
---|
1169 |
|
---|
1170 | (Historical)
|
---|
1171 |
|
---|
1172 | =item [{nai} : North American Indian]
|
---|
1173 |
|
---|
1174 | Do not use this.
|
---|
1175 |
|
---|
1176 | =item {no} : Norwegian
|
---|
1177 |
|
---|
1178 | Note the two following forms:
|
---|
1179 |
|
---|
1180 | =item {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal
|
---|
1181 |
|
---|
1182 | eq BokmE<aring>l, (A form of Norwegian.) (Formerly "no-bok".)
|
---|
1183 |
|
---|
1184 | =for etc
|
---|
1185 | {no-bok} Norwegian Bokmal (old tag)
|
---|
1186 |
|
---|
1187 | =item {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk
|
---|
1188 |
|
---|
1189 | (A form of Norwegian.) (Formerly "no-nyn".)
|
---|
1190 |
|
---|
1191 | =for etc
|
---|
1192 | {no-nyn} Norwegian Nynorsk (old tag)
|
---|
1193 |
|
---|
1194 | =item [{nub} : Nubian languages]
|
---|
1195 |
|
---|
1196 | =item {nym} : Nyamwezi
|
---|
1197 |
|
---|
1198 | =item {nyn} : Nyankole
|
---|
1199 |
|
---|
1200 | =item {nyo} : Nyoro
|
---|
1201 |
|
---|
1202 | =item {nzi} : Nzima
|
---|
1203 |
|
---|
1204 | =item {oc} : Occitan (post 1500)
|
---|
1205 |
|
---|
1206 | eq ProvenE<ccedil>al, eq Provencal
|
---|
1207 |
|
---|
1208 | =item {oj} : Ojibwa
|
---|
1209 |
|
---|
1210 | eq Ojibwe. (Formerly "oji".)
|
---|
1211 |
|
---|
1212 | =item {or} : Oriya
|
---|
1213 |
|
---|
1214 | =item {om} : Oromo
|
---|
1215 |
|
---|
1216 | =item {osa} : Osage
|
---|
1217 |
|
---|
1218 | =item {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic
|
---|
1219 |
|
---|
1220 | =item [{oto} : Otomian languages]
|
---|
1221 |
|
---|
1222 | Group of languages collectively called "OtomE<iacute>".
|
---|
1223 |
|
---|
1224 | =item {pal} : Pahlavi
|
---|
1225 |
|
---|
1226 | eq Pahlevi
|
---|
1227 |
|
---|
1228 | =item {i-pwn} : Paiwan
|
---|
1229 |
|
---|
1230 | eq Pariwan
|
---|
1231 |
|
---|
1232 | =item {pau} : Palauan
|
---|
1233 |
|
---|
1234 | =item {pi} : Pali
|
---|
1235 |
|
---|
1236 | (Historical?)
|
---|
1237 |
|
---|
1238 | =item {pam} : Pampanga
|
---|
1239 |
|
---|
1240 | =item {pag} : Pangasinan
|
---|
1241 |
|
---|
1242 | =item {pa} : Panjabi
|
---|
1243 |
|
---|
1244 | eq Punjabi
|
---|
1245 |
|
---|
1246 | =item {pap} : Papiamento
|
---|
1247 |
|
---|
1248 | eq Papiamentu.
|
---|
1249 |
|
---|
1250 | =item [{paa} : Papuan (Other)]
|
---|
1251 |
|
---|
1252 | =item {fa} : Persian
|
---|
1253 |
|
---|
1254 | eq Farsi. eq Iranian.
|
---|
1255 |
|
---|
1256 | =item {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.)
|
---|
1257 |
|
---|
1258 | =item [{phi} : Philippine (Other)]
|
---|
1259 |
|
---|
1260 | =item {phn} : Phoenician
|
---|
1261 |
|
---|
1262 | (Historical)
|
---|
1263 |
|
---|
1264 | =item {pon} : Pohnpeian
|
---|
1265 |
|
---|
1266 | NOT Pompeiian!
|
---|
1267 |
|
---|
1268 | =item {pl} : Polish
|
---|
1269 |
|
---|
1270 | =item {pt} : Portuguese
|
---|
1271 |
|
---|
1272 | eq Portugese. Notable forms:
|
---|
1273 | {pt-pt} Portugal Portuguese;
|
---|
1274 | {pt-br} Brazilian Portuguese.
|
---|
1275 |
|
---|
1276 | =item [{pra} : Prakrit languages]
|
---|
1277 |
|
---|
1278 | =item {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500)
|
---|
1279 |
|
---|
1280 | eq Old ProvenE<ccedil>al. (Historical.)
|
---|
1281 |
|
---|
1282 | =item {ps} : Pushto
|
---|
1283 |
|
---|
1284 | eq Pashto. eq Pushtu.
|
---|
1285 |
|
---|
1286 | =item {qu} : Quechua
|
---|
1287 |
|
---|
1288 | eq Quecha.
|
---|
1289 |
|
---|
1290 | =item {rm} : Raeto-Romance
|
---|
1291 |
|
---|
1292 | eq Romansh.
|
---|
1293 |
|
---|
1294 | =item {raj} : Rajasthani
|
---|
1295 |
|
---|
1296 | =item {rap} : Rapanui
|
---|
1297 |
|
---|
1298 | =item {rar} : Rarotongan
|
---|
1299 |
|
---|
1300 | =item [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.]
|
---|
1301 |
|
---|
1302 | =item [{roa} : Romance (Other)]
|
---|
1303 |
|
---|
1304 | NOT Romanian! NOT Romany! NOT Romansh!
|
---|
1305 |
|
---|
1306 | =item {ro} : Romanian
|
---|
1307 |
|
---|
1308 | eq Rumanian. NOT Romany!
|
---|
1309 |
|
---|
1310 | =item {rom} : Romany
|
---|
1311 |
|
---|
1312 | eq Rom. NOT Romanian!
|
---|
1313 |
|
---|
1314 | =item {rn} : Rundi
|
---|
1315 |
|
---|
1316 | =item {ru} : Russian
|
---|
1317 |
|
---|
1318 | NOT White Russian! NOT Rusyn!
|
---|
1319 |
|
---|
1320 | =item [{sal} : Salishan languages]
|
---|
1321 |
|
---|
1322 | Large language group.
|
---|
1323 |
|
---|
1324 | =item {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic
|
---|
1325 |
|
---|
1326 | NOT Aramaic!
|
---|
1327 |
|
---|
1328 | =item {se} : Northern Sami
|
---|
1329 |
|
---|
1330 | eq Lappish. eq Lapp. eq (Northern) Saami.
|
---|
1331 |
|
---|
1332 | =item {sma} : Southern Sami
|
---|
1333 |
|
---|
1334 | =item {smn} : Inari Sami
|
---|
1335 |
|
---|
1336 | =item {smj} : Lule Sami
|
---|
1337 |
|
---|
1338 | =item {sms} : Skolt Sami
|
---|
1339 |
|
---|
1340 | =item [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)]
|
---|
1341 |
|
---|
1342 | =item {sm} : Samoan
|
---|
1343 |
|
---|
1344 | =item {sad} : Sandawe
|
---|
1345 |
|
---|
1346 | =item {sg} : Sango
|
---|
1347 |
|
---|
1348 | =item {sa} : Sanskrit
|
---|
1349 |
|
---|
1350 | (Historical)
|
---|
1351 |
|
---|
1352 | =item {sat} : Santali
|
---|
1353 |
|
---|
1354 | =item {sc} : Sardinian
|
---|
1355 |
|
---|
1356 | eq Sard.
|
---|
1357 |
|
---|
1358 | =item {sas} : Sasak
|
---|
1359 |
|
---|
1360 | =item {sco} : Scots
|
---|
1361 |
|
---|
1362 | NOT Scots Gaelic!
|
---|
1363 |
|
---|
1364 | =item {sel} : Selkup
|
---|
1365 |
|
---|
1366 | =item [{sem} : Semitic (Other)]
|
---|
1367 |
|
---|
1368 | =item {sr} : Serbian
|
---|
1369 |
|
---|
1370 | eq Serb. NOT Sorbian.
|
---|
1371 |
|
---|
1372 | Notable forms:
|
---|
1373 | {sr-Cyrl} : Serbian in Cyrillic script;
|
---|
1374 | {sr-Latn} : Serbian in Latin script.
|
---|
1375 |
|
---|
1376 | =item {srr} : Serer
|
---|
1377 |
|
---|
1378 | =item {shn} : Shan
|
---|
1379 |
|
---|
1380 | =item {sn} : Shona
|
---|
1381 |
|
---|
1382 | =item {sid} : Sidamo
|
---|
1383 |
|
---|
1384 | =item {sgn-...} : Sign Languages
|
---|
1385 |
|
---|
1386 | Always use with a subtag. Notable forms:
|
---|
1387 | {sgn-gb} British Sign Language (BSL);
|
---|
1388 | {sgn-ie} Irish Sign Language (ESL);
|
---|
1389 | {sgn-ni} Nicaraguan Sign Language (ISN);
|
---|
1390 | {sgn-us} American Sign Language (ASL).
|
---|
1391 |
|
---|
1392 | (And so on with other country codes as the subtag.)
|
---|
1393 |
|
---|
1394 | =item {bla} : Siksika
|
---|
1395 |
|
---|
1396 | eq Blackfoot. eq Pikanii.
|
---|
1397 |
|
---|
1398 | =item {sd} : Sindhi
|
---|
1399 |
|
---|
1400 | =item {si} : Sinhalese
|
---|
1401 |
|
---|
1402 | eq Sinhala.
|
---|
1403 |
|
---|
1404 | =item [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)]
|
---|
1405 |
|
---|
1406 | =item [{sio} : Siouan languages]
|
---|
1407 |
|
---|
1408 | =item {den} : Slave (Athapascan)
|
---|
1409 |
|
---|
1410 | ("Slavey" is a subform.)
|
---|
1411 |
|
---|
1412 | =item [{sla} : Slavic (Other)]
|
---|
1413 |
|
---|
1414 | =item {sk} : Slovak
|
---|
1415 |
|
---|
1416 | eq Slovakian.
|
---|
1417 |
|
---|
1418 | =item {sl} : Slovenian
|
---|
1419 |
|
---|
1420 | eq Slovene.
|
---|
1421 |
|
---|
1422 | =item {sog} : Sogdian
|
---|
1423 |
|
---|
1424 | =item {so} : Somali
|
---|
1425 |
|
---|
1426 | =item {son} : Songhai
|
---|
1427 |
|
---|
1428 | =item {snk} : Soninke
|
---|
1429 |
|
---|
1430 | =item {wen} : Sorbian languages
|
---|
1431 |
|
---|
1432 | eq Wendish. eq Sorb. eq Lusatian. eq Wend. NOT Venda! NOT Serbian!
|
---|
1433 |
|
---|
1434 | =item {nso} : Northern Sotho
|
---|
1435 |
|
---|
1436 | =item {st} : Southern Sotho
|
---|
1437 |
|
---|
1438 | eq Sutu. eq Sesotho.
|
---|
1439 |
|
---|
1440 | =item [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)]
|
---|
1441 |
|
---|
1442 | =item {es} : Spanish
|
---|
1443 |
|
---|
1444 | Notable forms:
|
---|
1445 | {es-ar} Argentine Spanish;
|
---|
1446 | {es-bo} Bolivian Spanish;
|
---|
1447 | {es-cl} Chilean Spanish;
|
---|
1448 | {es-co} Colombian Spanish;
|
---|
1449 | {es-do} Dominican Spanish;
|
---|
1450 | {es-ec} Ecuadorian Spanish;
|
---|
1451 | {es-es} Spain Spanish;
|
---|
1452 | {es-gt} Guatemalan Spanish;
|
---|
1453 | {es-hn} Honduran Spanish;
|
---|
1454 | {es-mx} Mexican Spanish;
|
---|
1455 | {es-pa} Panamanian Spanish;
|
---|
1456 | {es-pe} Peruvian Spanish;
|
---|
1457 | {es-pr} Puerto Rican Spanish;
|
---|
1458 | {es-py} Paraguay Spanish;
|
---|
1459 | {es-sv} Salvadoran Spanish;
|
---|
1460 | {es-us} US Spanish;
|
---|
1461 | {es-uy} Uruguayan Spanish;
|
---|
1462 | {es-ve} Venezuelan Spanish.
|
---|
1463 |
|
---|
1464 | =item {suk} : Sukuma
|
---|
1465 |
|
---|
1466 | =item {sux} : Sumerian
|
---|
1467 |
|
---|
1468 | (Historical)
|
---|
1469 |
|
---|
1470 | =item {su} : Sundanese
|
---|
1471 |
|
---|
1472 | =item {sus} : Susu
|
---|
1473 |
|
---|
1474 | =item {sw} : Swahili
|
---|
1475 |
|
---|
1476 | eq Kiswahili
|
---|
1477 |
|
---|
1478 | =item {ss} : Swati
|
---|
1479 |
|
---|
1480 | =item {sv} : Swedish
|
---|
1481 |
|
---|
1482 | Notable forms:
|
---|
1483 | {sv-se} Sweden Swedish;
|
---|
1484 | {sv-fi} Finland Swedish.
|
---|
1485 |
|
---|
1486 | =item {syr} : Syriac
|
---|
1487 |
|
---|
1488 | =item {tl} : Tagalog
|
---|
1489 |
|
---|
1490 | =item {ty} : Tahitian
|
---|
1491 |
|
---|
1492 | =item [{tai} : Tai (Other)]
|
---|
1493 |
|
---|
1494 | NOT Thai!
|
---|
1495 |
|
---|
1496 | =item {tg} : Tajik
|
---|
1497 |
|
---|
1498 | =item {tmh} : Tamashek
|
---|
1499 |
|
---|
1500 | =item {ta} : Tamil
|
---|
1501 |
|
---|
1502 | =item {i-tao} : Tao
|
---|
1503 |
|
---|
1504 | eq Yami.
|
---|
1505 |
|
---|
1506 | =item {tt} : Tatar
|
---|
1507 |
|
---|
1508 | =item {i-tay} : Tayal
|
---|
1509 |
|
---|
1510 | eq Atayal. eq Atayan.
|
---|
1511 |
|
---|
1512 | =item {te} : Telugu
|
---|
1513 |
|
---|
1514 | =item {ter} : Tereno
|
---|
1515 |
|
---|
1516 | =item {tet} : Tetum
|
---|
1517 |
|
---|
1518 | =item {th} : Thai
|
---|
1519 |
|
---|
1520 | NOT Tai!
|
---|
1521 |
|
---|
1522 | =item {bo} : Tibetan
|
---|
1523 |
|
---|
1524 | =item {tig} : Tigre
|
---|
1525 |
|
---|
1526 | =item {ti} : Tigrinya
|
---|
1527 |
|
---|
1528 | =item {tem} : Timne
|
---|
1529 |
|
---|
1530 | eq Themne. eq Timene.
|
---|
1531 |
|
---|
1532 | =item {tiv} : Tiv
|
---|
1533 |
|
---|
1534 | =item {tli} : Tlingit
|
---|
1535 |
|
---|
1536 | =item {tpi} : Tok Pisin
|
---|
1537 |
|
---|
1538 | =item {tkl} : Tokelau
|
---|
1539 |
|
---|
1540 | =item {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa)
|
---|
1541 |
|
---|
1542 | NOT Tsonga!
|
---|
1543 |
|
---|
1544 | =item {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands)
|
---|
1545 |
|
---|
1546 | (Pronounced "Tong-a", not "Tong-ga")
|
---|
1547 |
|
---|
1548 | NOT Tsonga!
|
---|
1549 |
|
---|
1550 | =item {tsi} : Tsimshian
|
---|
1551 |
|
---|
1552 | eq Sm'algyax
|
---|
1553 |
|
---|
1554 | =item {ts} : Tsonga
|
---|
1555 |
|
---|
1556 | NOT Tonga!
|
---|
1557 |
|
---|
1558 | =item {i-tsu} : Tsou
|
---|
1559 |
|
---|
1560 | =item {tn} : Tswana
|
---|
1561 |
|
---|
1562 | Same as Setswana.
|
---|
1563 |
|
---|
1564 | =item {tum} : Tumbuka
|
---|
1565 |
|
---|
1566 | =item [{tup} : Tupi languages]
|
---|
1567 |
|
---|
1568 | =item {tr} : Turkish
|
---|
1569 |
|
---|
1570 | (Typically in Roman script)
|
---|
1571 |
|
---|
1572 | =item {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)
|
---|
1573 |
|
---|
1574 | (Typically in Arabic script) (Historical)
|
---|
1575 |
|
---|
1576 | =item {crh} : Crimean Turkish
|
---|
1577 |
|
---|
1578 | eq Crimean Tatar
|
---|
1579 |
|
---|
1580 | =item {tk} : Turkmen
|
---|
1581 |
|
---|
1582 | eq Turkmeni.
|
---|
1583 |
|
---|
1584 | =item {tvl} : Tuvalu
|
---|
1585 |
|
---|
1586 | =item {tyv} : Tuvinian
|
---|
1587 |
|
---|
1588 | eq Tuvan. eq Tuvin.
|
---|
1589 |
|
---|
1590 | =item {tw} : Twi
|
---|
1591 |
|
---|
1592 | =item {udm} : Udmurt
|
---|
1593 |
|
---|
1594 | =item {uga} : Ugaritic
|
---|
1595 |
|
---|
1596 | NOT Ugric!
|
---|
1597 |
|
---|
1598 | =item {ug} : Uighur
|
---|
1599 |
|
---|
1600 | =item {uk} : Ukrainian
|
---|
1601 |
|
---|
1602 | =item {umb} : Umbundu
|
---|
1603 |
|
---|
1604 | =item {und} : Undetermined
|
---|
1605 |
|
---|
1606 | Not a tag for normal use.
|
---|
1607 |
|
---|
1608 | =item {ur} : Urdu
|
---|
1609 |
|
---|
1610 | =item {uz} : Uzbek
|
---|
1611 |
|
---|
1612 | eq E<Ouml>zbek
|
---|
1613 |
|
---|
1614 | Notable forms:
|
---|
1615 | {uz-Cyrl} Uzbek in Cyrillic script;
|
---|
1616 | {uz-Latn} Uzbek in Latin script.
|
---|
1617 |
|
---|
1618 | =item {vai} : Vai
|
---|
1619 |
|
---|
1620 | =item {ve} : Venda
|
---|
1621 |
|
---|
1622 | NOT Wendish! NOT Wend! NOT Avestan! (Formerly "ven".)
|
---|
1623 |
|
---|
1624 | =item {vi} : Vietnamese
|
---|
1625 |
|
---|
1626 | eq Viet.
|
---|
1627 |
|
---|
1628 | =item {vo} : Volapuk
|
---|
1629 |
|
---|
1630 | eq VolapE<uuml>k. (Artificial)
|
---|
1631 |
|
---|
1632 | =item {vot} : Votic
|
---|
1633 |
|
---|
1634 | eq Votian. eq Vod.
|
---|
1635 |
|
---|
1636 | =item [{wak} : Wakashan languages]
|
---|
1637 |
|
---|
1638 | =item {wa} : Walloon
|
---|
1639 |
|
---|
1640 | =item {wal} : Walamo
|
---|
1641 |
|
---|
1642 | eq Wolaytta.
|
---|
1643 |
|
---|
1644 | =item {war} : Waray
|
---|
1645 |
|
---|
1646 | Presumably the Philippine language Waray-Waray (SamareE<ntilde>o),
|
---|
1647 | not the smaller Philippine language Waray Sorsogon, nor the extinct
|
---|
1648 | Australian language Waray.
|
---|
1649 |
|
---|
1650 | =item {was} : Washo
|
---|
1651 |
|
---|
1652 | eq Washoe
|
---|
1653 |
|
---|
1654 | =item {cy} : Welsh
|
---|
1655 |
|
---|
1656 | =item {wo} : Wolof
|
---|
1657 |
|
---|
1658 | =item {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use)
|
---|
1659 |
|
---|
1660 | "x-" is a prefix for language tags that are not registered with ISO
|
---|
1661 | or IANA. Example, x-double-dutch
|
---|
1662 |
|
---|
1663 | =item {xh} : Xhosa
|
---|
1664 |
|
---|
1665 | =item {sah} : Yakut
|
---|
1666 |
|
---|
1667 | =item {yao} : Yao
|
---|
1668 |
|
---|
1669 | (The Yao in Malawi?)
|
---|
1670 |
|
---|
1671 | =item {yap} : Yapese
|
---|
1672 |
|
---|
1673 | eq Yap
|
---|
1674 |
|
---|
1675 | =item {ii} : Sichuan Yi
|
---|
1676 |
|
---|
1677 | =item {yi} : Yiddish
|
---|
1678 |
|
---|
1679 | Formerly "ji". Usually in Hebrew script.
|
---|
1680 |
|
---|
1681 | Notable forms:
|
---|
1682 | {yi-latn} Yiddish in Latin script
|
---|
1683 |
|
---|
1684 | =item {yo} : Yoruba
|
---|
1685 |
|
---|
1686 | =item [{ypk} : Yupik languages]
|
---|
1687 |
|
---|
1688 | Several "Eskimo" languages.
|
---|
1689 |
|
---|
1690 | =item {znd} : Zande
|
---|
1691 |
|
---|
1692 | =item [{zap} : Zapotec]
|
---|
1693 |
|
---|
1694 | (A group of languages.)
|
---|
1695 |
|
---|
1696 | =item {zen} : Zenaga
|
---|
1697 |
|
---|
1698 | NOT Zend.
|
---|
1699 |
|
---|
1700 | =item {za} : Zhuang
|
---|
1701 |
|
---|
1702 | =item {zu} : Zulu
|
---|
1703 |
|
---|
1704 | =item {zun} : Zuni
|
---|
1705 |
|
---|
1706 | eq ZuE<ntilde>i
|
---|
1707 |
|
---|
1708 | =back
|
---|
1709 |
|
---|
1710 | =for woohah END
|
---|
1711 |
|
---|
1712 | =head1 SEE ALSO
|
---|
1713 |
|
---|
1714 | L<I18N::LangTags|I18N::LangTags> and its "See Also" section.
|
---|
1715 |
|
---|
1716 | =head1 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
|
---|
1717 |
|
---|
1718 | Copyright (c) 2001+ Sean M. Burke. All rights reserved.
|
---|
1719 |
|
---|
1720 | You can redistribute and/or
|
---|
1721 | modify this document under the same terms as Perl itself.
|
---|
1722 |
|
---|
1723 | This document is provided in the hope that it will be
|
---|
1724 | useful, but without any warranty;
|
---|
1725 | without even the implied warranty of accuracy, authoritativeness,
|
---|
1726 | completeness, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose.
|
---|
1727 |
|
---|
1728 | Email any corrections or questions to me.
|
---|
1729 |
|
---|
1730 | =head1 AUTHOR
|
---|
1731 |
|
---|
1732 | Sean M. Burke, sburkeE<64>cpan.org
|
---|
1733 |
|
---|
1734 | =cut
|
---|
1735 |
|
---|
1736 |
|
---|
1737 | # To generate a list of just the two and three-letter codes:
|
---|
1738 |
|
---|
1739 | #!/usr/local/bin/perl -w
|
---|
1740 |
|
---|
1741 | require 5; # Time-stamp: "2001-03-13 21:53:39 MST"
|
---|
1742 | # Sean M. Burke, [email protected]
|
---|
1743 | # This program is for generating the language_codes.txt file
|
---|
1744 | use strict;
|
---|
1745 | use LWP::Simple;
|
---|
1746 | use HTML::TreeBuilder 3.10;
|
---|
1747 | my $root = HTML::TreeBuilder->new();
|
---|
1748 | my $url = 'http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/bibcodes.html';
|
---|
1749 | $root->parse(get($url) || die "Can't get $url");
|
---|
1750 | $root->eof();
|
---|
1751 |
|
---|
1752 | my @codes;
|
---|
1753 |
|
---|
1754 | foreach my $tr ($root->find_by_tag_name('tr')) {
|
---|
1755 | my @f = map $_->as_text(), $tr->content_list();
|
---|
1756 | #print map("<$_> ", @f), "\n";
|
---|
1757 | next unless @f == 5;
|
---|
1758 | pop @f; # nix the French name
|
---|
1759 | next if $f[-1] eq 'Language Name (English)'; # it's a header line
|
---|
1760 | my $xx = splice(@f, 2,1); # pull out the two-letter code
|
---|
1761 | $f[-1] =~ s/^\s+//;
|
---|
1762 | $f[-1] =~ s/\s+$//;
|
---|
1763 | if($xx =~ m/[a-zA-Z]/) { # there's a two-letter code for it
|
---|
1764 | push @codes, [ lc($f[-1]), "$xx\t$f[-1]\n" ];
|
---|
1765 | } else { # print the three-letter codes.
|
---|
1766 | if($f[0] eq $f[1]) {
|
---|
1767 | push @codes, [ lc($f[-1]), "$f[1]\t$f[2]\n" ];
|
---|
1768 | } else { # shouldn't happen
|
---|
1769 | push @codes, [ lc($f[-1]), "@f !!!!!!!!!!\n" ];
|
---|
1770 | }
|
---|
1771 | }
|
---|
1772 | }
|
---|
1773 |
|
---|
1774 | print map $_->[1], sort {; $a->[0] cmp $b->[0] } @codes;
|
---|
1775 | print "[ based on $url\n at ", scalar(localtime), "]\n",
|
---|
1776 | "[Note: doesn't include IANA-registered codes.]\n";
|
---|
1777 | exit;
|
---|
1778 | __END__
|
---|
1779 |
|
---|