1 | =head1 NAME
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2 |
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3 | POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
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4 |
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5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS
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6 |
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7 | use POSIX;
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8 | use POSIX qw(setsid);
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9 | use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);
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10 |
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11 | printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;
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12 |
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13 | $sess_id = POSIX::setsid();
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14 |
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15 | $fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644);
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16 | # note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle
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17 |
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18 | =head1 DESCRIPTION
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19 |
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20 | The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard
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21 | POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given Perl-ish
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22 | interfaces.
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23 |
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24 | I<Everything is exported by default> with the exception of any POSIX
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25 | functions with the same name as a built-in Perl function, such as
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26 | C<abs>, C<alarm>, C<rmdir>, C<write>, etc.., which will be exported
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27 | only if you ask for them explicitly. This is an unfortunate backwards
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28 | compatibility feature. You can stop the exporting by saying C<use
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29 | POSIX ()> and then use the fully qualified names (ie. C<POSIX::SEEK_END>).
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30 |
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31 | This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the POSIX
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32 | module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general information on
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33 | most features. Consult L<perlfunc> for functions which are noted as being
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34 | identical to Perl's builtin functions.
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35 |
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36 | The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1 specification.
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37 | The second section describes some classes for signal objects, TTY objects,
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38 | and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections list various
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39 | constants and macros in an organization which roughly follows IEEE Std
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40 | 1003.1b-1993.
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41 |
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42 | =head1 NOTE
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43 |
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44 | The POSIX module is probably the most complex Perl module supplied with
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45 | the standard distribution. It incorporates autoloading, namespace games,
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46 | and dynamic loading of code that's in Perl, C, or both. It's a great
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47 | source of wisdom.
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48 |
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49 | =head1 CAVEATS
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50 |
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51 | A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If you
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52 | attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that they
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53 | aren't implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent should one
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54 | exist. For example, trying to access the setjmp() call will elicit the
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55 | message "setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead".
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56 |
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57 | Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in fact
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58 | are not so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX Compliance Test Suites).
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59 | For example, one vendor may not define EDEADLK, or the semantics of the
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60 | errno values set by open(2) might not be quite right. Perl does not
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61 | attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you can currently
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62 | successfully say "use POSIX", and then later in your program you find
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63 | that your vendor has been lax and there's no usable ICANON macro after
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64 | all. This could be construed to be a bug.
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65 |
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66 | =head1 FUNCTIONS
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67 |
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68 | =over 8
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69 |
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70 | =item _exit
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71 |
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72 | This is identical to the C function C<_exit()>. It exits the program
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73 | immediately which means among other things buffered I/O is B<not> flushed.
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74 |
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75 | Note that when using threads and in Linux this is B<not> a good way to
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76 | exit a thread because in Linux processes and threads are kind of the
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77 | same thing (Note: while this is the situation in early 2003 there are
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78 | projects under way to have threads with more POSIXly semantics in Linux).
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79 | If you want not to return from a thread, detach the thread.
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80 |
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81 | =item abort
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82 |
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83 | This is identical to the C function C<abort()>. It terminates the
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84 | process with a C<SIGABRT> signal unless caught by a signal handler or
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85 | if the handler does not return normally (it e.g. does a C<longjmp>).
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86 |
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87 | =item abs
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88 |
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89 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<abs()> function, returning
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90 | the absolute value of its numerical argument.
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91 |
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92 | =item access
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93 |
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94 | Determines the accessibility of a file.
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95 |
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96 | if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){
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97 | print "have read permission\n";
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98 | }
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99 |
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100 | Returns C<undef> on failure. Note: do not use C<access()> for
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101 | security purposes. Between the C<access()> call and the operation
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102 | you are preparing for the permissions might change: a classic
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103 | I<race condition>.
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104 |
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105 | =item acos
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106 |
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107 | This is identical to the C function C<acos()>, returning
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108 | the arcus cosine of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
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109 |
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110 | =item alarm
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111 |
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112 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<alarm()> function,
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113 | either for arming or disarming the C<SIGARLM> timer.
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114 |
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115 | =item asctime
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116 |
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117 | This is identical to the C function C<asctime()>. It returns
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118 | a string of the form
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119 |
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120 | "Fri Jun 2 18:22:13 2000\n\0"
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121 |
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122 | and it is called thusly
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123 |
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124 | $asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
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125 | $wday, $yday, $isdst);
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126 |
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127 | The C<$mon> is zero-based: January equals C<0>. The C<$year> is
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128 | 1900-based: 2001 equals C<101>. The C<$wday>, C<$yday>, and C<$isdst>
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129 | default to zero (and the first two are usually ignored anyway).
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130 |
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131 | =item asin
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132 |
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133 | This is identical to the C function C<asin()>, returning
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134 | the arcus sine of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
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135 |
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136 | =item assert
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137 |
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138 | Unimplemented, but you can use L<perlfunc/die> and the L<Carp> module
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139 | to achieve similar things.
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140 |
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141 | =item atan
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142 |
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143 | This is identical to the C function C<atan()>, returning the
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144 | arcus tangent of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
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145 |
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146 | =item atan2
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147 |
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148 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<atan2()> function, returning
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149 | the arcus tangent defined by its two numerical arguments, the I<y>
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150 | coordinate and the I<x> coordinate. See also L<Math::Trig>.
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151 |
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152 | =item atexit
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153 |
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154 | atexit() is C-specific: use C<END {}> instead, see L<perlsub>.
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155 |
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156 | =item atof
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157 |
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158 | atof() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently.
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159 | If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
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160 |
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161 | =item atoi
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162 |
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163 | atoi() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently.
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164 | If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
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165 | If you need to have just the integer part, see L<perlfunc/int>.
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166 |
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167 | =item atol
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168 |
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169 | atol() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently.
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170 | If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
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171 | If you need to have just the integer part, see L<perlfunc/int>.
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172 |
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173 | =item bsearch
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174 |
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175 | bsearch() not supplied. For doing binary search on wordlists,
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176 | see L<Search::Dict>.
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177 |
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178 | =item calloc
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179 |
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180 | calloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
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181 |
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182 | =item ceil
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183 |
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184 | This is identical to the C function C<ceil()>, returning the smallest
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185 | integer value greater than or equal to the given numerical argument.
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186 |
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187 | =item chdir
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188 |
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189 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chdir()> function, allowing
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190 | one to change the working (default) directory, see L<perlfunc/chdir>.
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191 |
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192 | =item chmod
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193 |
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194 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chmod()> function, allowing
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195 | one to change file and directory permissions, see L<perlfunc/chmod>.
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196 |
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197 | =item chown
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198 |
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199 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chown()> function, allowing one
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200 | to change file and directory owners and groups, see L<perlfunc/chown>.
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201 |
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202 | =item clearerr
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203 |
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204 | Use the method C<IO::Handle::clearerr()> instead, to reset the error
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205 | state (if any) and EOF state (if any) of the given stream.
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206 |
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207 | =item clock
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208 |
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209 | This is identical to the C function C<clock()>, returning the
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210 | amount of spent processor time in microseconds.
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211 |
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212 | =item close
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213 |
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214 | Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
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215 | C<POSIX::open>.
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216 |
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217 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
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218 | POSIX::close( $fd );
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219 |
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220 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
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221 |
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222 | See also L<perlfunc/close>.
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223 |
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224 | =item closedir
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225 |
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226 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<closedir()> function for closing
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227 | a directory handle, see L<perlfunc/closedir>.
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228 |
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229 | =item cos
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230 |
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231 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<cos()> function, for returning
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232 | the cosine of its numerical argument, see L<perlfunc/cos>.
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233 | See also L<Math::Trig>.
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234 |
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235 | =item cosh
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236 |
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237 | This is identical to the C function C<cosh()>, for returning
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238 | the hyperbolic cosine of its numeric argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
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239 |
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240 | =item creat
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241 |
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242 | Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the ones returned by
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243 | C<POSIX::open>. Use C<POSIX::close> to close the file.
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244 |
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245 | $fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 );
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246 | POSIX::close( $fd );
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247 |
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248 | See also L<perlfunc/sysopen> and its C<O_CREAT> flag.
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249 |
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250 | =item ctermid
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251 |
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252 | Generates the path name for the controlling terminal.
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253 |
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254 | $path = POSIX::ctermid();
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255 |
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256 | =item ctime
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257 |
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258 | This is identical to the C function C<ctime()> and equivalent
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259 | to C<asctime(localtime(...))>, see L</asctime> and L</localtime>.
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260 |
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261 | =item cuserid
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262 |
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263 | Get the login name of the owner of the current process.
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264 |
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265 | $name = POSIX::cuserid();
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266 |
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267 | =item difftime
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268 |
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269 | This is identical to the C function C<difftime()>, for returning
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270 | the time difference (in seconds) between two times (as returned
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271 | by C<time()>), see L</time>.
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272 |
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273 | =item div
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274 |
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275 | div() is C-specific, use L<perlfunc/int> on the usual C</> division and
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276 | the modulus C<%>.
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277 |
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278 | =item dup
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279 |
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280 | This is similar to the C function C<dup()>, for duplicating a file
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281 | descriptor.
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282 |
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283 | This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
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284 | C<POSIX::open>.
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285 |
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286 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
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287 |
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288 | =item dup2
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289 |
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290 | This is similar to the C function C<dup2()>, for duplicating a file
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291 | descriptor to an another known file descriptor.
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292 |
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293 | This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
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294 | C<POSIX::open>.
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295 |
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296 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
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297 |
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298 | =item errno
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299 |
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300 | Returns the value of errno.
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301 |
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302 | $errno = POSIX::errno();
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303 |
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304 | This identical to the numerical values of the C<$!>, see L<perlvar/$ERRNO>.
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305 |
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306 | =item execl
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307 |
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308 | execl() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
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309 |
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310 | =item execle
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311 |
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312 | execle() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
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313 |
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314 | =item execlp
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315 |
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316 | execlp() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
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317 |
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318 | =item execv
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319 |
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320 | execv() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
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321 |
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322 | =item execve
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323 |
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324 | execve() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
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325 |
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326 | =item execvp
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327 |
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328 | execvp() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
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329 |
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330 | =item exit
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331 |
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332 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<exit()> function for exiting the
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333 | program, see L<perlfunc/exit>.
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334 |
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335 | =item exp
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336 |
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337 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<exp()> function for
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338 | returning the exponent (I<e>-based) of the numerical argument,
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339 | see L<perlfunc/exp>.
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340 |
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341 | =item fabs
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342 |
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343 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<abs()> function for returning
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344 | the absolute value of the numerical argument, see L<perlfunc/abs>.
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345 |
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346 | =item fclose
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347 |
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348 | Use method C<IO::Handle::close()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/close>.
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349 |
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350 | =item fcntl
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351 |
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352 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<fcntl()> function,
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353 | see L<perlfunc/fcntl>.
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354 |
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355 | =item fdopen
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356 |
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357 | Use method C<IO::Handle::new_from_fd()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/open>.
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358 |
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359 | =item feof
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360 |
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361 | Use method C<IO::Handle::eof()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/eof>.
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362 |
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363 | =item ferror
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364 |
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365 | Use method C<IO::Handle::error()> instead.
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366 |
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367 | =item fflush
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368 |
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369 | Use method C<IO::Handle::flush()> instead.
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370 | See also L<perlvar/$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH>.
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371 |
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372 | =item fgetc
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373 |
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374 | Use method C<IO::Handle::getc()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/read>.
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375 |
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376 | =item fgetpos
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377 |
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378 | Use method C<IO::Seekable::getpos()> instead, or see L<L/seek>.
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379 |
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380 | =item fgets
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381 |
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382 | Use method C<IO::Handle::gets()> instead. Similar to E<lt>E<gt>, also known
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383 | as L<perlfunc/readline>.
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384 |
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385 | =item fileno
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386 |
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387 | Use method C<IO::Handle::fileno()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/fileno>.
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388 |
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389 | =item floor
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390 |
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391 | This is identical to the C function C<floor()>, returning the largest
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392 | integer value less than or equal to the numerical argument.
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393 |
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394 | =item fmod
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395 |
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396 | This is identical to the C function C<fmod()>.
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397 |
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398 | $r = fmod($x, $y);
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399 |
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400 | It returns the remainder C<$r = $x - $n*$y>, where C<$n = trunc($x/$y)>.
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401 | The C<$r> has the same sign as C<$x> and magnitude (absolute value)
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402 | less than the magnitude of C<$y>.
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403 |
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404 | =item fopen
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405 |
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406 | Use method C<IO::File::open()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/open>.
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407 |
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408 | =item fork
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409 |
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410 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<fork()> function
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411 | for duplicating the current process, see L<perlfunc/fork>
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412 | and L<perlfork> if you are in Windows.
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413 |
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414 | =item fpathconf
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415 |
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416 | Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. This
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417 | uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>.
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418 |
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419 | The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
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420 | pathname on the filesystem which holds C</var/foo>.
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421 |
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422 | $fd = POSIX::open( "/var/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
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423 | $path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
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424 |
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425 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
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426 |
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427 | =item fprintf
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428 |
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429 | fprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead.
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430 |
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431 | =item fputc
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432 |
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433 | fputc() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
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434 |
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435 | =item fputs
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436 |
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437 | fputs() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
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438 |
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439 | =item fread
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440 |
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441 | fread() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/read> instead.
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442 |
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443 | =item free
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444 |
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445 | free() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
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446 |
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447 | =item freopen
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448 |
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449 | freopen() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/open> instead.
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450 |
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451 | =item frexp
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452 |
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453 | Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point number.
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454 |
|
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455 | ($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 1.234e56 );
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456 |
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457 | =item fscanf
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458 |
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459 | fscanf() is C-specific, use E<lt>E<gt> and regular expressions instead.
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460 |
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461 | =item fseek
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462 |
|
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463 | Use method C<IO::Seekable::seek()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/seek>.
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464 |
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465 | =item fsetpos
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466 |
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467 | Use method C<IO::Seekable::setpos()> instead, or seek L<perlfunc/seek>.
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468 |
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469 | =item fstat
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470 |
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471 | Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
|
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472 | calling C<POSIX::open>. The data returned is identical to the data from
|
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473 | Perl's builtin C<stat> function.
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474 |
|
---|
475 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
|
---|
476 | @stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd );
|
---|
477 |
|
---|
478 | =item fsync
|
---|
479 |
|
---|
480 | Use method C<IO::Handle::sync()> instead.
|
---|
481 |
|
---|
482 | =item ftell
|
---|
483 |
|
---|
484 | Use method C<IO::Seekable::tell()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/tell>.
|
---|
485 |
|
---|
486 | =item fwrite
|
---|
487 |
|
---|
488 | fwrite() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
|
---|
489 |
|
---|
490 | =item getc
|
---|
491 |
|
---|
492 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getc()> function,
|
---|
493 | see L<perlfunc/getc>.
|
---|
494 |
|
---|
495 | =item getchar
|
---|
496 |
|
---|
497 | Returns one character from STDIN. Identical to Perl's C<getc()>,
|
---|
498 | see L<perlfunc/getc>.
|
---|
499 |
|
---|
500 | =item getcwd
|
---|
501 |
|
---|
502 | Returns the name of the current working directory.
|
---|
503 | See also L<Cwd>.
|
---|
504 |
|
---|
505 | =item getegid
|
---|
506 |
|
---|
507 | Returns the effective group identifier. Similar to Perl' s builtin
|
---|
508 | variable C<$(>, see L<perlvar/$EGID>.
|
---|
509 |
|
---|
510 | =item getenv
|
---|
511 |
|
---|
512 | Returns the value of the specified environment variable.
|
---|
513 | The same information is available through the C<%ENV> array.
|
---|
514 |
|
---|
515 | =item geteuid
|
---|
516 |
|
---|
517 | Returns the effective user identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin C<$E<gt>>
|
---|
518 | variable, see L<perlvar/$EUID>.
|
---|
519 |
|
---|
520 | =item getgid
|
---|
521 |
|
---|
522 | Returns the user's real group identifier. Similar to Perl's builtin
|
---|
523 | variable C<$)>, see L<perlvar/$GID>.
|
---|
524 |
|
---|
525 | =item getgrgid
|
---|
526 |
|
---|
527 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getgrgid()> function for
|
---|
528 | returning group entries by group identifiers, see
|
---|
529 | L<perlfunc/getgrgid>.
|
---|
530 |
|
---|
531 | =item getgrnam
|
---|
532 |
|
---|
533 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getgrnam()> function for
|
---|
534 | returning group entries by group names, see L<perlfunc/getgrnam>.
|
---|
535 |
|
---|
536 | =item getgroups
|
---|
537 |
|
---|
538 | Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups. Similar to Perl's
|
---|
539 | builtin variable C<$)>, see L<perlvar/$GID>.
|
---|
540 |
|
---|
541 | =item getlogin
|
---|
542 |
|
---|
543 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getlogin()> function for
|
---|
544 | returning the user name associated with the current session, see
|
---|
545 | L<perlfunc/getlogin>.
|
---|
546 |
|
---|
547 | =item getpgrp
|
---|
548 |
|
---|
549 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpgrp()> function for
|
---|
550 | returning the process group identifier of the current process, see
|
---|
551 | L<perlfunc/getpgrp>.
|
---|
552 |
|
---|
553 | =item getpid
|
---|
554 |
|
---|
555 | Returns the process identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin
|
---|
556 | variable C<$$>, see L<perlvar/$PID>.
|
---|
557 |
|
---|
558 | =item getppid
|
---|
559 |
|
---|
560 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getppid()> function for
|
---|
561 | returning the process identifier of the parent process of the current
|
---|
562 | process , see L<perlfunc/getppid>.
|
---|
563 |
|
---|
564 | =item getpwnam
|
---|
565 |
|
---|
566 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpwnam()> function for
|
---|
567 | returning user entries by user names, see L<perlfunc/getpwnam>.
|
---|
568 |
|
---|
569 | =item getpwuid
|
---|
570 |
|
---|
571 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpwuid()> function for
|
---|
572 | returning user entries by user identifiers, see L<perlfunc/getpwuid>.
|
---|
573 |
|
---|
574 | =item gets
|
---|
575 |
|
---|
576 | Returns one line from C<STDIN>, similar to E<lt>E<gt>, also known
|
---|
577 | as the C<readline()> function, see L<perlfunc/readline>.
|
---|
578 |
|
---|
579 | B<NOTE>: if you have C programs that still use C<gets()>, be very
|
---|
580 | afraid. The C<gets()> function is a source of endless grief because
|
---|
581 | it has no buffer overrun checks. It should B<never> be used. The
|
---|
582 | C<fgets()> function should be preferred instead.
|
---|
583 |
|
---|
584 | =item getuid
|
---|
585 |
|
---|
586 | Returns the user's identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin C<$E<lt>> variable,
|
---|
587 | see L<perlvar/$UID>.
|
---|
588 |
|
---|
589 | =item gmtime
|
---|
590 |
|
---|
591 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<gmtime()> function for
|
---|
592 | converting seconds since the epoch to a date in Greenwich Mean Time,
|
---|
593 | see L<perlfunc/gmtime>.
|
---|
594 |
|
---|
595 | =item isalnum
|
---|
596 |
|
---|
597 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a
|
---|
598 | single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings may
|
---|
599 | affect what characters are considered C<isalnum>. Does not work on
|
---|
600 | Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
|
---|
601 | expressions and the C</[[:alnum:]]/> construct instead, or possibly
|
---|
602 | the C</\w/> construct.
|
---|
603 |
|
---|
604 | =item isalpha
|
---|
605 |
|
---|
606 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
|
---|
607 | a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
|
---|
608 | may affect what characters are considered C<isalpha>. Does not work
|
---|
609 | on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
|
---|
610 | expressions and the C</[[:alpha:]]/> construct instead.
|
---|
611 |
|
---|
612 | =item isatty
|
---|
613 |
|
---|
614 | Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified filehandle is connected
|
---|
615 | to a tty. Similar to the C<-t> operator, see L<perlfunc/-X>.
|
---|
616 |
|
---|
617 | =item iscntrl
|
---|
618 |
|
---|
619 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
|
---|
620 | a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
|
---|
621 | may affect what characters are considered C<iscntrl>. Does not work
|
---|
622 | on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
|
---|
623 | expressions and the C</[[:cntrl:]]/> construct instead.
|
---|
624 |
|
---|
625 | =item isdigit
|
---|
626 |
|
---|
627 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
|
---|
628 | a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
|
---|
629 | may affect what characters are considered C<isdigit> (unlikely, but
|
---|
630 | still possible). Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256
|
---|
631 | or higher. Consider using regular expressions and the C</[[:digit:]]/>
|
---|
632 | construct instead, or the C</\d/> construct.
|
---|
633 |
|
---|
634 | =item isgraph
|
---|
635 |
|
---|
636 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
|
---|
637 | a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
|
---|
638 | may affect what characters are considered C<isgraph>. Does not work
|
---|
639 | on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
|
---|
640 | expressions and the C</[[:graph:]]/> construct instead.
|
---|
641 |
|
---|
642 | =item islower
|
---|
643 |
|
---|
644 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
|
---|
645 | a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
|
---|
646 | may affect what characters are considered C<islower>. Does not work
|
---|
647 | on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
|
---|
648 | expressions and the C</[[:lower:]]/> construct instead. Do B<not> use
|
---|
649 | C</[a-z]/>.
|
---|
650 |
|
---|
651 | =item isprint
|
---|
652 |
|
---|
653 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
|
---|
654 | a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
|
---|
655 | may affect what characters are considered C<isprint>. Does not work
|
---|
656 | on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
|
---|
657 | expressions and the C</[[:print:]]/> construct instead.
|
---|
658 |
|
---|
659 | =item ispunct
|
---|
660 |
|
---|
661 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
|
---|
662 | a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
|
---|
663 | may affect what characters are considered C<ispunct>. Does not work
|
---|
664 | on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
|
---|
665 | expressions and the C</[[:punct:]]/> construct instead.
|
---|
666 |
|
---|
667 | =item isspace
|
---|
668 |
|
---|
669 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
|
---|
670 | a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
|
---|
671 | may affect what characters are considered C<isspace>. Does not work
|
---|
672 | on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
|
---|
673 | expressions and the C</[[:space:]]/> construct instead, or the C</\s/>
|
---|
674 | construct. (Note that C</\s/> and C</[[:space:]]/> are slightly
|
---|
675 | different in that C</[[:space:]]/> can normally match a vertical tab,
|
---|
676 | while C</\s/> does not.)
|
---|
677 |
|
---|
678 | =item isupper
|
---|
679 |
|
---|
680 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
|
---|
681 | a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
|
---|
682 | may affect what characters are considered C<isupper>. Does not work
|
---|
683 | on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
|
---|
684 | expressions and the C</[[:upper:]]/> construct instead. Do B<not> use
|
---|
685 | C</[A-Z]/>.
|
---|
686 |
|
---|
687 | =item isxdigit
|
---|
688 |
|
---|
689 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
|
---|
690 | character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings may affect what
|
---|
691 | characters are considered C<isxdigit> (unlikely, but still possible).
|
---|
692 | Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
|
---|
693 | Consider using regular expressions and the C</[[:xdigit:]]/>
|
---|
694 | construct instead, or simply C</[0-9a-f]/i>.
|
---|
695 |
|
---|
696 | =item kill
|
---|
697 |
|
---|
698 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<kill()> function for sending
|
---|
699 | signals to processes (often to terminate them), see L<perlfunc/kill>.
|
---|
700 |
|
---|
701 | =item labs
|
---|
702 |
|
---|
703 | (For returning absolute values of long integers.)
|
---|
704 | labs() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/abs> instead.
|
---|
705 |
|
---|
706 | =item ldexp
|
---|
707 |
|
---|
708 | This is identical to the C function C<ldexp()>
|
---|
709 | for multiplying floating point numbers with powers of two.
|
---|
710 |
|
---|
711 | $x_quadrupled = POSIX::ldexp($x, 2);
|
---|
712 |
|
---|
713 | =item ldiv
|
---|
714 |
|
---|
715 | (For computing dividends of long integers.)
|
---|
716 | ldiv() is C-specific, use C</> and C<int()> instead.
|
---|
717 |
|
---|
718 | =item link
|
---|
719 |
|
---|
720 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<link()> function
|
---|
721 | for creating hard links into files, see L<perlfunc/link>.
|
---|
722 |
|
---|
723 | =item localeconv
|
---|
724 |
|
---|
725 | Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to a hash
|
---|
726 | containing the current locale formatting values.
|
---|
727 |
|
---|
728 | Here is how to query the database for the B<de> (Deutsch or German) locale.
|
---|
729 |
|
---|
730 | $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" );
|
---|
731 | print "Locale = $loc\n";
|
---|
732 | $lconv = POSIX::localeconv();
|
---|
733 | print "decimal_point = ", $lconv->{decimal_point}, "\n";
|
---|
734 | print "thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep}, "\n";
|
---|
735 | print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping}, "\n";
|
---|
736 | print "int_curr_symbol = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\n";
|
---|
737 | print "currency_symbol = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\n";
|
---|
738 | print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\n";
|
---|
739 | print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\n";
|
---|
740 | print "mon_grouping = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping}, "\n";
|
---|
741 | print "positive_sign = ", $lconv->{positive_sign}, "\n";
|
---|
742 | print "negative_sign = ", $lconv->{negative_sign}, "\n";
|
---|
743 | print "int_frac_digits = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\n";
|
---|
744 | print "frac_digits = ", $lconv->{frac_digits}, "\n";
|
---|
745 | print "p_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes}, "\n";
|
---|
746 | print "p_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space}, "\n";
|
---|
747 | print "n_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes}, "\n";
|
---|
748 | print "n_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space}, "\n";
|
---|
749 | print "p_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn}, "\n";
|
---|
750 | print "n_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn}, "\n";
|
---|
751 |
|
---|
752 | =item localtime
|
---|
753 |
|
---|
754 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<localtime()> function for
|
---|
755 | converting seconds since the epoch to a date see L<perlfunc/localtime>.
|
---|
756 |
|
---|
757 | =item log
|
---|
758 |
|
---|
759 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<log()> function,
|
---|
760 | returning the natural (I<e>-based) logarithm of the numerical argument,
|
---|
761 | see L<perlfunc/log>.
|
---|
762 |
|
---|
763 | =item log10
|
---|
764 |
|
---|
765 | This is identical to the C function C<log10()>,
|
---|
766 | returning the 10-base logarithm of the numerical argument.
|
---|
767 | You can also use
|
---|
768 |
|
---|
769 | sub log10 { log($_[0]) / log(10) }
|
---|
770 |
|
---|
771 | or
|
---|
772 |
|
---|
773 | sub log10 { log($_[0]) / 2.30258509299405 }
|
---|
774 |
|
---|
775 | or
|
---|
776 |
|
---|
777 | sub log10 { log($_[0]) * 0.434294481903252 }
|
---|
778 |
|
---|
779 | =item longjmp
|
---|
780 |
|
---|
781 | longjmp() is C-specific: use L<perlfunc/die> instead.
|
---|
782 |
|
---|
783 | =item lseek
|
---|
784 |
|
---|
785 | Move the file's read/write position. This uses file descriptors such as
|
---|
786 | those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>.
|
---|
787 |
|
---|
788 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
|
---|
789 | $off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET );
|
---|
790 |
|
---|
791 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
792 |
|
---|
793 | =item malloc
|
---|
794 |
|
---|
795 | malloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
|
---|
796 |
|
---|
797 | =item mblen
|
---|
798 |
|
---|
799 | This is identical to the C function C<mblen()>.
|
---|
800 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
|
---|
801 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
|
---|
802 | useless function.
|
---|
803 |
|
---|
804 | =item mbstowcs
|
---|
805 |
|
---|
806 | This is identical to the C function C<mbstowcs()>.
|
---|
807 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
|
---|
808 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
|
---|
809 | useless function.
|
---|
810 |
|
---|
811 | =item mbtowc
|
---|
812 |
|
---|
813 | This is identical to the C function C<mbtowc()>.
|
---|
814 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
|
---|
815 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
|
---|
816 | useless function.
|
---|
817 |
|
---|
818 | =item memchr
|
---|
819 |
|
---|
820 | memchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/index> instead.
|
---|
821 |
|
---|
822 | =item memcmp
|
---|
823 |
|
---|
824 | memcmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> instead, see L<perlop>.
|
---|
825 |
|
---|
826 | =item memcpy
|
---|
827 |
|
---|
828 | memcpy() is C-specific, use C<=>, see L<perlop>, or see L<perlfunc/substr>.
|
---|
829 |
|
---|
830 | =item memmove
|
---|
831 |
|
---|
832 | memmove() is C-specific, use C<=>, see L<perlop>, or see L<perlfunc/substr>.
|
---|
833 |
|
---|
834 | =item memset
|
---|
835 |
|
---|
836 | memset() is C-specific, use C<x> instead, see L<perlop>.
|
---|
837 |
|
---|
838 | =item mkdir
|
---|
839 |
|
---|
840 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<mkdir()> function
|
---|
841 | for creating directories, see L<perlfunc/mkdir>.
|
---|
842 |
|
---|
843 | =item mkfifo
|
---|
844 |
|
---|
845 | This is similar to the C function C<mkfifo()> for creating
|
---|
846 | FIFO special files.
|
---|
847 |
|
---|
848 | if (mkfifo($path, $mode)) { ....
|
---|
849 |
|
---|
850 | Returns C<undef> on failure. The C<$mode> is similar to the
|
---|
851 | mode of C<mkdir()>, see L<perlfunc/mkdir>.
|
---|
852 |
|
---|
853 | =item mktime
|
---|
854 |
|
---|
855 | Convert date/time info to a calendar time.
|
---|
856 |
|
---|
857 | Synopsis:
|
---|
858 |
|
---|
859 | mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = 0)
|
---|
860 |
|
---|
861 | The month (C<mon>), weekday (C<wday>), and yearday (C<yday>) begin at zero.
|
---|
862 | I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The
|
---|
863 | year (C<year>) is given in years since 1900. I.e. The year 1995 is 95; the
|
---|
864 | year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's C<mktime()> manpage for details
|
---|
865 | about these and the other arguments.
|
---|
866 |
|
---|
867 | Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am.
|
---|
868 |
|
---|
869 | $time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 );
|
---|
870 | print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t);
|
---|
871 |
|
---|
872 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
873 |
|
---|
874 | =item modf
|
---|
875 |
|
---|
876 | Return the integral and fractional parts of a floating-point number.
|
---|
877 |
|
---|
878 | ($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 );
|
---|
879 |
|
---|
880 | =item nice
|
---|
881 |
|
---|
882 | This is similar to the C function C<nice()>, for changing
|
---|
883 | the scheduling preference of the current process. Positive
|
---|
884 | arguments mean more polite process, negative values more
|
---|
885 | needy process. Normal user processes can only be more polite.
|
---|
886 |
|
---|
887 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
888 |
|
---|
889 | =item offsetof
|
---|
890 |
|
---|
891 | offsetof() is C-specific, you probably want to see L<perlfunc/pack> instead.
|
---|
892 |
|
---|
893 | =item open
|
---|
894 |
|
---|
895 | Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file descriptors, not
|
---|
896 | Perl filehandles. Use C<POSIX::close> to close the file.
|
---|
897 |
|
---|
898 | Open a file read-only with mode 0666.
|
---|
899 |
|
---|
900 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo" );
|
---|
901 |
|
---|
902 | Open a file for read and write.
|
---|
903 |
|
---|
904 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR );
|
---|
905 |
|
---|
906 | Open a file for write, with truncation.
|
---|
907 |
|
---|
908 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC );
|
---|
909 |
|
---|
910 | Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing.
|
---|
911 |
|
---|
912 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 );
|
---|
913 |
|
---|
914 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
915 |
|
---|
916 | See also L<perlfunc/sysopen>.
|
---|
917 |
|
---|
918 | =item opendir
|
---|
919 |
|
---|
920 | Open a directory for reading.
|
---|
921 |
|
---|
922 | $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/var" );
|
---|
923 | @files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );
|
---|
924 | POSIX::closedir( $dir );
|
---|
925 |
|
---|
926 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
927 |
|
---|
928 | =item pathconf
|
---|
929 |
|
---|
930 | Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory.
|
---|
931 |
|
---|
932 | The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
|
---|
933 | pathname on the filesystem which holds C</var>.
|
---|
934 |
|
---|
935 | $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/var", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
|
---|
936 |
|
---|
937 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
938 |
|
---|
939 | =item pause
|
---|
940 |
|
---|
941 | This is similar to the C function C<pause()>, which suspends
|
---|
942 | the execution of the current process until a signal is received.
|
---|
943 |
|
---|
944 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
945 |
|
---|
946 | =item perror
|
---|
947 |
|
---|
948 | This is identical to the C function C<perror()>, which outputs to the
|
---|
949 | standard error stream the specified message followed by ": " and the
|
---|
950 | current error string. Use the C<warn()> function and the C<$!>
|
---|
951 | variable instead, see L<perlfunc/warn> and L<perlvar/$ERRNO>.
|
---|
952 |
|
---|
953 | =item pipe
|
---|
954 |
|
---|
955 | Create an interprocess channel. This returns file descriptors like those
|
---|
956 | returned by C<POSIX::open>.
|
---|
957 |
|
---|
958 | my ($read, $write) = POSIX::pipe();
|
---|
959 | POSIX::write( $write, "hello", 5 );
|
---|
960 | POSIX::read( $read, $buf, 5 );
|
---|
961 |
|
---|
962 | See also L<perlfunc/pipe>.
|
---|
963 |
|
---|
964 | =item pow
|
---|
965 |
|
---|
966 | Computes C<$x> raised to the power C<$exponent>.
|
---|
967 |
|
---|
968 | $ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent );
|
---|
969 |
|
---|
970 | You can also use the C<**> operator, see L<perlop>.
|
---|
971 |
|
---|
972 | =item printf
|
---|
973 |
|
---|
974 | Formats and prints the specified arguments to STDOUT.
|
---|
975 | See also L<perlfunc/printf>.
|
---|
976 |
|
---|
977 | =item putc
|
---|
978 |
|
---|
979 | putc() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
|
---|
980 |
|
---|
981 | =item putchar
|
---|
982 |
|
---|
983 | putchar() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
|
---|
984 |
|
---|
985 | =item puts
|
---|
986 |
|
---|
987 | puts() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
|
---|
988 |
|
---|
989 | =item qsort
|
---|
990 |
|
---|
991 | qsort() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/sort> instead.
|
---|
992 |
|
---|
993 | =item raise
|
---|
994 |
|
---|
995 | Sends the specified signal to the current process.
|
---|
996 | See also L<perlfunc/kill> and the C<$$> in L<perlvar/$PID>.
|
---|
997 |
|
---|
998 | =item rand
|
---|
999 |
|
---|
1000 | C<rand()> is non-portable, see L<perlfunc/rand> instead.
|
---|
1001 |
|
---|
1002 | =item read
|
---|
1003 |
|
---|
1004 | Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
|
---|
1005 | calling C<POSIX::open>. If the buffer C<$buf> is not large enough for the
|
---|
1006 | read then Perl will extend it to make room for the request.
|
---|
1007 |
|
---|
1008 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
|
---|
1009 | $bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 );
|
---|
1010 |
|
---|
1011 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1012 |
|
---|
1013 | See also L<perlfunc/sysread>.
|
---|
1014 |
|
---|
1015 | =item readdir
|
---|
1016 |
|
---|
1017 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<readdir()> function
|
---|
1018 | for reading directory entries, see L<perlfunc/readdir>.
|
---|
1019 |
|
---|
1020 | =item realloc
|
---|
1021 |
|
---|
1022 | realloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
|
---|
1023 |
|
---|
1024 | =item remove
|
---|
1025 |
|
---|
1026 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<unlink()> function
|
---|
1027 | for removing files, see L<perlfunc/unlink>.
|
---|
1028 |
|
---|
1029 | =item rename
|
---|
1030 |
|
---|
1031 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rename()> function
|
---|
1032 | for renaming files, see L<perlfunc/rename>.
|
---|
1033 |
|
---|
1034 | =item rewind
|
---|
1035 |
|
---|
1036 | Seeks to the beginning of the file.
|
---|
1037 |
|
---|
1038 | =item rewinddir
|
---|
1039 |
|
---|
1040 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rewinddir()> function for
|
---|
1041 | rewinding directory entry streams, see L<perlfunc/rewinddir>.
|
---|
1042 |
|
---|
1043 | =item rmdir
|
---|
1044 |
|
---|
1045 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rmdir()> function
|
---|
1046 | for removing (empty) directories, see L<perlfunc/rmdir>.
|
---|
1047 |
|
---|
1048 | =item scanf
|
---|
1049 |
|
---|
1050 | scanf() is C-specific, use E<lt>E<gt> and regular expressions instead,
|
---|
1051 | see L<perlre>.
|
---|
1052 |
|
---|
1053 | =item setgid
|
---|
1054 |
|
---|
1055 | Sets the real group identifier and the effective group identifier for
|
---|
1056 | this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin
|
---|
1057 | C<$)> variable, see L<perlvar/$GID>, except that the latter
|
---|
1058 | will change only the real user identifier, and that the setgid()
|
---|
1059 | uses only a single numeric argument, as opposed to a space-separated
|
---|
1060 | list of numbers.
|
---|
1061 |
|
---|
1062 | =item setjmp
|
---|
1063 |
|
---|
1064 | C<setjmp()> is C-specific: use C<eval {}> instead,
|
---|
1065 | see L<perlfunc/eval>.
|
---|
1066 |
|
---|
1067 | =item setlocale
|
---|
1068 |
|
---|
1069 | Modifies and queries program's locale. The following examples assume
|
---|
1070 |
|
---|
1071 | use POSIX qw(setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE);
|
---|
1072 |
|
---|
1073 | has been issued.
|
---|
1074 |
|
---|
1075 | The following will set the traditional UNIX system locale behavior
|
---|
1076 | (the second argument C<"C">).
|
---|
1077 |
|
---|
1078 | $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" );
|
---|
1079 |
|
---|
1080 | The following will query the current LC_CTYPE category. (No second
|
---|
1081 | argument means 'query'.)
|
---|
1082 |
|
---|
1083 | $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE );
|
---|
1084 |
|
---|
1085 | The following will set the LC_CTYPE behaviour according to the locale
|
---|
1086 | environment variables (the second argument C<"">).
|
---|
1087 | Please see your systems C<setlocale(3)> documentation for the locale
|
---|
1088 | environment variables' meaning or consult L<perllocale>.
|
---|
1089 |
|
---|
1090 | $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "" );
|
---|
1091 |
|
---|
1092 | The following will set the LC_COLLATE behaviour to Argentinian
|
---|
1093 | Spanish. B<NOTE>: The naming and availability of locales depends on
|
---|
1094 | your operating system. Please consult L<perllocale> for how to find
|
---|
1095 | out which locales are available in your system.
|
---|
1096 |
|
---|
1097 | $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" );
|
---|
1098 |
|
---|
1099 | =item setpgid
|
---|
1100 |
|
---|
1101 | This is similar to the C function C<setpgid()> for
|
---|
1102 | setting the process group identifier of the current process.
|
---|
1103 |
|
---|
1104 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1105 |
|
---|
1106 | =item setsid
|
---|
1107 |
|
---|
1108 | This is identical to the C function C<setsid()> for
|
---|
1109 | setting the session identifier of the current process.
|
---|
1110 |
|
---|
1111 | =item setuid
|
---|
1112 |
|
---|
1113 | Sets the real user identifier and the effective user identifier for
|
---|
1114 | this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin
|
---|
1115 | C<$E<lt>> variable, see L<perlvar/$UID>, except that the latter
|
---|
1116 | will change only the real user identifier.
|
---|
1117 |
|
---|
1118 | =item sigaction
|
---|
1119 |
|
---|
1120 | Detailed signal management. This uses C<POSIX::SigAction> objects for the
|
---|
1121 | C<action> and C<oldaction> arguments. Consult your system's C<sigaction>
|
---|
1122 | manpage for details.
|
---|
1123 |
|
---|
1124 | Synopsis:
|
---|
1125 |
|
---|
1126 | sigaction(signal, action, oldaction = 0)
|
---|
1127 |
|
---|
1128 | Returns C<undef> on failure. The C<signal> must be a number (like
|
---|
1129 | SIGHUP), not a string (like "SIGHUP"), though Perl does try hard
|
---|
1130 | to understand you.
|
---|
1131 |
|
---|
1132 | =item siglongjmp
|
---|
1133 |
|
---|
1134 | siglongjmp() is C-specific: use L<perlfunc/die> instead.
|
---|
1135 |
|
---|
1136 | =item sigpending
|
---|
1137 |
|
---|
1138 | Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This uses C<POSIX::SigSet>
|
---|
1139 | objects for the C<sigset> argument. Consult your system's C<sigpending>
|
---|
1140 | manpage for details.
|
---|
1141 |
|
---|
1142 | Synopsis:
|
---|
1143 |
|
---|
1144 | sigpending(sigset)
|
---|
1145 |
|
---|
1146 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1147 |
|
---|
1148 | =item sigprocmask
|
---|
1149 |
|
---|
1150 | Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask. This uses
|
---|
1151 | C<POSIX::SigSet> objects for the C<sigset> and C<oldsigset> arguments.
|
---|
1152 | Consult your system's C<sigprocmask> manpage for details.
|
---|
1153 |
|
---|
1154 | Synopsis:
|
---|
1155 |
|
---|
1156 | sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0)
|
---|
1157 |
|
---|
1158 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1159 |
|
---|
1160 | =item sigsetjmp
|
---|
1161 |
|
---|
1162 | C<sigsetjmp()> is C-specific: use C<eval {}> instead,
|
---|
1163 | see L<perlfunc/eval>.
|
---|
1164 |
|
---|
1165 | =item sigsuspend
|
---|
1166 |
|
---|
1167 | Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal arrives. This uses
|
---|
1168 | C<POSIX::SigSet> objects for the C<signal_mask> argument. Consult your
|
---|
1169 | system's C<sigsuspend> manpage for details.
|
---|
1170 |
|
---|
1171 | Synopsis:
|
---|
1172 |
|
---|
1173 | sigsuspend(signal_mask)
|
---|
1174 |
|
---|
1175 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1176 |
|
---|
1177 | =item sin
|
---|
1178 |
|
---|
1179 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sin()> function
|
---|
1180 | for returning the sine of the numerical argument,
|
---|
1181 | see L<perlfunc/sin>. See also L<Math::Trig>.
|
---|
1182 |
|
---|
1183 | =item sinh
|
---|
1184 |
|
---|
1185 | This is identical to the C function C<sinh()>
|
---|
1186 | for returning the hyperbolic sine of the numerical argument.
|
---|
1187 | See also L<Math::Trig>.
|
---|
1188 |
|
---|
1189 | =item sleep
|
---|
1190 |
|
---|
1191 | This is functionally identical to Perl's builtin C<sleep()> function
|
---|
1192 | for suspending the execution of the current for process for certain
|
---|
1193 | number of seconds, see L<perlfunc/sleep>. There is one significant
|
---|
1194 | difference, however: C<POSIX::sleep()> returns the number of
|
---|
1195 | B<unslept> seconds, while the C<CORE::sleep()> returns the
|
---|
1196 | number of slept seconds.
|
---|
1197 |
|
---|
1198 | =item sprintf
|
---|
1199 |
|
---|
1200 | This is similar to Perl's builtin C<sprintf()> function
|
---|
1201 | for returning a string that has the arguments formatted as requested,
|
---|
1202 | see L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
|
---|
1203 |
|
---|
1204 | =item sqrt
|
---|
1205 |
|
---|
1206 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sqrt()> function.
|
---|
1207 | for returning the square root of the numerical argument,
|
---|
1208 | see L<perlfunc/sqrt>.
|
---|
1209 |
|
---|
1210 | =item srand
|
---|
1211 |
|
---|
1212 | Give a seed the pseudorandom number generator, see L<perlfunc/srand>.
|
---|
1213 |
|
---|
1214 | =item sscanf
|
---|
1215 |
|
---|
1216 | sscanf() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
|
---|
1217 | see L<perlre>.
|
---|
1218 |
|
---|
1219 | =item stat
|
---|
1220 |
|
---|
1221 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<stat()> function
|
---|
1222 | for returning information about files and directories.
|
---|
1223 |
|
---|
1224 | =item strcat
|
---|
1225 |
|
---|
1226 | strcat() is C-specific, use C<.=> instead, see L<perlop>.
|
---|
1227 |
|
---|
1228 | =item strchr
|
---|
1229 |
|
---|
1230 | strchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/index> instead.
|
---|
1231 |
|
---|
1232 | =item strcmp
|
---|
1233 |
|
---|
1234 | strcmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> or C<cmp> instead, see L<perlop>.
|
---|
1235 |
|
---|
1236 | =item strcoll
|
---|
1237 |
|
---|
1238 | This is identical to the C function C<strcoll()>
|
---|
1239 | for collating (comparing) strings transformed using
|
---|
1240 | the C<strxfrm()> function. Not really needed since
|
---|
1241 | Perl can do this transparently, see L<perllocale>.
|
---|
1242 |
|
---|
1243 | =item strcpy
|
---|
1244 |
|
---|
1245 | strcpy() is C-specific, use C<=> instead, see L<perlop>.
|
---|
1246 |
|
---|
1247 | =item strcspn
|
---|
1248 |
|
---|
1249 | strcspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
|
---|
1250 | see L<perlre>.
|
---|
1251 |
|
---|
1252 | =item strerror
|
---|
1253 |
|
---|
1254 | Returns the error string for the specified errno.
|
---|
1255 | Identical to the string form of the C<$!>, see L<perlvar/$ERRNO>.
|
---|
1256 |
|
---|
1257 | =item strftime
|
---|
1258 |
|
---|
1259 | Convert date and time information to string. Returns the string.
|
---|
1260 |
|
---|
1261 | Synopsis:
|
---|
1262 |
|
---|
1263 | strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)
|
---|
1264 |
|
---|
1265 | The month (C<mon>), weekday (C<wday>), and yearday (C<yday>) begin at zero.
|
---|
1266 | I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The
|
---|
1267 | year (C<year>) is given in years since 1900. I.e., the year 1995 is 95; the
|
---|
1268 | year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's C<strftime()> manpage for details
|
---|
1269 | about these and the other arguments.
|
---|
1270 |
|
---|
1271 | If you want your code to be portable, your format (C<fmt>) argument
|
---|
1272 | should use only the conversion specifiers defined by the ANSI C
|
---|
1273 | standard (C89, to play safe). These are C<aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%>.
|
---|
1274 | But even then, the B<results> of some of the conversion specifiers are
|
---|
1275 | non-portable. For example, the specifiers C<aAbBcpZ> change according
|
---|
1276 | to the locale settings of the user, and both how to set locales (the
|
---|
1277 | locale names) and what output to expect are non-standard.
|
---|
1278 | The specifier C<c> changes according to the timezone settings of the
|
---|
1279 | user and the timezone computation rules of the operating system.
|
---|
1280 | The C<Z> specifier is notoriously unportable since the names of
|
---|
1281 | timezones are non-standard. Sticking to the numeric specifiers is the
|
---|
1282 | safest route.
|
---|
1283 |
|
---|
1284 | The given arguments are made consistent as though by calling
|
---|
1285 | C<mktime()> before calling your system's C<strftime()> function,
|
---|
1286 | except that the C<isdst> value is not affected.
|
---|
1287 |
|
---|
1288 | The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.
|
---|
1289 |
|
---|
1290 | $str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );
|
---|
1291 | print "$str\n";
|
---|
1292 |
|
---|
1293 | =item strlen
|
---|
1294 |
|
---|
1295 | strlen() is C-specific, use C<length()> instead, see L<perlfunc/length>.
|
---|
1296 |
|
---|
1297 | =item strncat
|
---|
1298 |
|
---|
1299 | strncat() is C-specific, use C<.=> instead, see L<perlop>.
|
---|
1300 |
|
---|
1301 | =item strncmp
|
---|
1302 |
|
---|
1303 | strncmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> instead, see L<perlop>.
|
---|
1304 |
|
---|
1305 | =item strncpy
|
---|
1306 |
|
---|
1307 | strncpy() is C-specific, use C<=> instead, see L<perlop>.
|
---|
1308 |
|
---|
1309 | =item strpbrk
|
---|
1310 |
|
---|
1311 | strpbrk() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
|
---|
1312 | see L<perlre>.
|
---|
1313 |
|
---|
1314 | =item strrchr
|
---|
1315 |
|
---|
1316 | strrchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/rindex> instead.
|
---|
1317 |
|
---|
1318 | =item strspn
|
---|
1319 |
|
---|
1320 | strspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
|
---|
1321 | see L<perlre>.
|
---|
1322 |
|
---|
1323 | =item strstr
|
---|
1324 |
|
---|
1325 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<index()> function,
|
---|
1326 | see L<perlfunc/index>.
|
---|
1327 |
|
---|
1328 | =item strtod
|
---|
1329 |
|
---|
1330 | String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and the number
|
---|
1331 | of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly
|
---|
1332 | POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation
|
---|
1333 | error, so clear $! before calling strtod. However, non-POSIX systems
|
---|
1334 | may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
|
---|
1335 |
|
---|
1336 | strtod should respect any POSIX I<setlocale()> settings.
|
---|
1337 |
|
---|
1338 | To parse a string $str as a floating point number use
|
---|
1339 |
|
---|
1340 | $! = 0;
|
---|
1341 | ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str);
|
---|
1342 |
|
---|
1343 | The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:
|
---|
1344 |
|
---|
1345 | if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || $!) {
|
---|
1346 | die "Non-numeric input $str" . ($! ? ": $!\n" : "\n");
|
---|
1347 | }
|
---|
1348 |
|
---|
1349 | When called in a scalar context strtod returns the parsed number.
|
---|
1350 |
|
---|
1351 | =item strtok
|
---|
1352 |
|
---|
1353 | strtok() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see
|
---|
1354 | L<perlre>, or L<perlfunc/split>.
|
---|
1355 |
|
---|
1356 | =item strtol
|
---|
1357 |
|
---|
1358 | String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed number and
|
---|
1359 | the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly
|
---|
1360 | POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation
|
---|
1361 | error, so clear $! before calling strtol. However, non-POSIX systems
|
---|
1362 | may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
|
---|
1363 |
|
---|
1364 | strtol should respect any POSIX I<setlocale()> settings.
|
---|
1365 |
|
---|
1366 | To parse a string $str as a number in some base $base use
|
---|
1367 |
|
---|
1368 | $! = 0;
|
---|
1369 | ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base);
|
---|
1370 |
|
---|
1371 | The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When the base
|
---|
1372 | is zero or omitted strtol will use the string itself to determine the
|
---|
1373 | base: a leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadecimal; a leading "0" means
|
---|
1374 | octal; any other leading characters mean decimal. Thus, "1234" is
|
---|
1375 | parsed as a decimal number, "01234" as an octal number, and "0x1234"
|
---|
1376 | as a hexadecimal number.
|
---|
1377 |
|
---|
1378 | The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:
|
---|
1379 |
|
---|
1380 | if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
|
---|
1381 | die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
|
---|
1382 | }
|
---|
1383 |
|
---|
1384 | When called in a scalar context strtol returns the parsed number.
|
---|
1385 |
|
---|
1386 | =item strtoul
|
---|
1387 |
|
---|
1388 | String to unsigned (long) integer translation. strtoul() is identical
|
---|
1389 | to strtol() except that strtoul() only parses unsigned integers. See
|
---|
1390 | L</strtol> for details.
|
---|
1391 |
|
---|
1392 | Note: Some vendors supply strtod() and strtol() but not strtoul().
|
---|
1393 | Other vendors that do supply strtoul() parse "-1" as a valid value.
|
---|
1394 |
|
---|
1395 | =item strxfrm
|
---|
1396 |
|
---|
1397 | String transformation. Returns the transformed string.
|
---|
1398 |
|
---|
1399 | $dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src );
|
---|
1400 |
|
---|
1401 | Used in conjunction with the C<strcoll()> function, see L</strcoll>.
|
---|
1402 |
|
---|
1403 | Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see
|
---|
1404 | L<perllocale>.
|
---|
1405 |
|
---|
1406 | =item sysconf
|
---|
1407 |
|
---|
1408 | Retrieves values of system configurable variables.
|
---|
1409 |
|
---|
1410 | The following will get the machine's clock speed.
|
---|
1411 |
|
---|
1412 | $clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK );
|
---|
1413 |
|
---|
1414 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1415 |
|
---|
1416 | =item system
|
---|
1417 |
|
---|
1418 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<system()> function, see
|
---|
1419 | L<perlfunc/system>.
|
---|
1420 |
|
---|
1421 | =item tan
|
---|
1422 |
|
---|
1423 | This is identical to the C function C<tan()>, returning the
|
---|
1424 | tangent of the numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
|
---|
1425 |
|
---|
1426 | =item tanh
|
---|
1427 |
|
---|
1428 | This is identical to the C function C<tanh()>, returning the
|
---|
1429 | hyperbolic tangent of the numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
|
---|
1430 |
|
---|
1431 | =item tcdrain
|
---|
1432 |
|
---|
1433 | This is similar to the C function C<tcdrain()> for draining
|
---|
1434 | the output queue of its argument stream.
|
---|
1435 |
|
---|
1436 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1437 |
|
---|
1438 | =item tcflow
|
---|
1439 |
|
---|
1440 | This is similar to the C function C<tcflow()> for controlling
|
---|
1441 | the flow of its argument stream.
|
---|
1442 |
|
---|
1443 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1444 |
|
---|
1445 | =item tcflush
|
---|
1446 |
|
---|
1447 | This is similar to the C function C<tcflush()> for flushing
|
---|
1448 | the I/O buffers of its argument stream.
|
---|
1449 |
|
---|
1450 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1451 |
|
---|
1452 | =item tcgetpgrp
|
---|
1453 |
|
---|
1454 | This is identical to the C function C<tcgetpgrp()> for returning the
|
---|
1455 | process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling
|
---|
1456 | terminal.
|
---|
1457 |
|
---|
1458 | =item tcsendbreak
|
---|
1459 |
|
---|
1460 | This is similar to the C function C<tcsendbreak()> for sending
|
---|
1461 | a break on its argument stream.
|
---|
1462 |
|
---|
1463 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1464 |
|
---|
1465 | =item tcsetpgrp
|
---|
1466 |
|
---|
1467 | This is similar to the C function C<tcsetpgrp()> for setting the
|
---|
1468 | process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling
|
---|
1469 | terminal.
|
---|
1470 |
|
---|
1471 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1472 |
|
---|
1473 | =item time
|
---|
1474 |
|
---|
1475 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<time()> function
|
---|
1476 | for returning the number of seconds since the epoch
|
---|
1477 | (whatever it is for the system), see L<perlfunc/time>.
|
---|
1478 |
|
---|
1479 | =item times
|
---|
1480 |
|
---|
1481 | The times() function returns elapsed realtime since some point in the past
|
---|
1482 | (such as system startup), user and system times for this process, and user
|
---|
1483 | and system times used by child processes. All times are returned in clock
|
---|
1484 | ticks.
|
---|
1485 |
|
---|
1486 | ($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times();
|
---|
1487 |
|
---|
1488 | Note: Perl's builtin C<times()> function returns four values, measured in
|
---|
1489 | seconds.
|
---|
1490 |
|
---|
1491 | =item tmpfile
|
---|
1492 |
|
---|
1493 | Use method C<IO::File::new_tmpfile()> instead, or see L<File::Temp>.
|
---|
1494 |
|
---|
1495 | =item tmpnam
|
---|
1496 |
|
---|
1497 | Returns a name for a temporary file.
|
---|
1498 |
|
---|
1499 | $tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam();
|
---|
1500 |
|
---|
1501 | For security reasons, which are probably detailed in your system's
|
---|
1502 | documentation for the C library tmpnam() function, this interface
|
---|
1503 | should not be used; instead see L<File::Temp>.
|
---|
1504 |
|
---|
1505 | =item tolower
|
---|
1506 |
|
---|
1507 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
|
---|
1508 | character or to a whole string. Consider using the C<lc()> function,
|
---|
1509 | see L<perlfunc/lc>, or the equivalent C<\L> operator inside doublequotish
|
---|
1510 | strings.
|
---|
1511 |
|
---|
1512 | =item toupper
|
---|
1513 |
|
---|
1514 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
|
---|
1515 | character or to a whole string. Consider using the C<uc()> function,
|
---|
1516 | see L<perlfunc/uc>, or the equivalent C<\U> operator inside doublequotish
|
---|
1517 | strings.
|
---|
1518 |
|
---|
1519 | =item ttyname
|
---|
1520 |
|
---|
1521 | This is identical to the C function C<ttyname()> for returning the
|
---|
1522 | name of the current terminal.
|
---|
1523 |
|
---|
1524 | =item tzname
|
---|
1525 |
|
---|
1526 | Retrieves the time conversion information from the C<tzname> variable.
|
---|
1527 |
|
---|
1528 | POSIX::tzset();
|
---|
1529 | ($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname();
|
---|
1530 |
|
---|
1531 | =item tzset
|
---|
1532 |
|
---|
1533 | This is identical to the C function C<tzset()> for setting
|
---|
1534 | the current timezone based on the environment variable C<TZ>,
|
---|
1535 | to be used by C<ctime()>, C<localtime()>, C<mktime()>, and C<strftime()>
|
---|
1536 | functions.
|
---|
1537 |
|
---|
1538 | =item umask
|
---|
1539 |
|
---|
1540 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<umask()> function
|
---|
1541 | for setting (and querying) the file creation permission mask,
|
---|
1542 | see L<perlfunc/umask>.
|
---|
1543 |
|
---|
1544 | =item uname
|
---|
1545 |
|
---|
1546 | Get name of current operating system.
|
---|
1547 |
|
---|
1548 | ($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine) = POSIX::uname();
|
---|
1549 |
|
---|
1550 | Note that the actual meanings of the various fields are not
|
---|
1551 | that well standardized, do not expect any great portability.
|
---|
1552 | The C<$sysname> might be the name of the operating system,
|
---|
1553 | the C<$nodename> might be the name of the host, the C<$release>
|
---|
1554 | might be the (major) release number of the operating system,
|
---|
1555 | the C<$version> might be the (minor) release number of the
|
---|
1556 | operating system, and the C<$machine> might be a hardware identifier.
|
---|
1557 | Maybe.
|
---|
1558 |
|
---|
1559 | =item ungetc
|
---|
1560 |
|
---|
1561 | Use method C<IO::Handle::ungetc()> instead.
|
---|
1562 |
|
---|
1563 | =item unlink
|
---|
1564 |
|
---|
1565 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<unlink()> function
|
---|
1566 | for removing files, see L<perlfunc/unlink>.
|
---|
1567 |
|
---|
1568 | =item utime
|
---|
1569 |
|
---|
1570 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<utime()> function
|
---|
1571 | for changing the time stamps of files and directories,
|
---|
1572 | see L<perlfunc/utime>.
|
---|
1573 |
|
---|
1574 | =item vfprintf
|
---|
1575 |
|
---|
1576 | vfprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead.
|
---|
1577 |
|
---|
1578 | =item vprintf
|
---|
1579 |
|
---|
1580 | vprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead.
|
---|
1581 |
|
---|
1582 | =item vsprintf
|
---|
1583 |
|
---|
1584 | vsprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/sprintf> instead.
|
---|
1585 |
|
---|
1586 | =item wait
|
---|
1587 |
|
---|
1588 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<wait()> function,
|
---|
1589 | see L<perlfunc/wait>.
|
---|
1590 |
|
---|
1591 | =item waitpid
|
---|
1592 |
|
---|
1593 | Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical to Perl's
|
---|
1594 | builtin C<waitpid()> function, see L<perlfunc/waitpid>.
|
---|
1595 |
|
---|
1596 | $pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, POSIX::WNOHANG );
|
---|
1597 | print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n";
|
---|
1598 |
|
---|
1599 | =item wcstombs
|
---|
1600 |
|
---|
1601 | This is identical to the C function C<wcstombs()>.
|
---|
1602 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
|
---|
1603 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
|
---|
1604 | useless function.
|
---|
1605 |
|
---|
1606 | =item wctomb
|
---|
1607 |
|
---|
1608 | This is identical to the C function C<wctomb()>.
|
---|
1609 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
|
---|
1610 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
|
---|
1611 | useless function.
|
---|
1612 |
|
---|
1613 | =item write
|
---|
1614 |
|
---|
1615 | Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
|
---|
1616 | calling C<POSIX::open>.
|
---|
1617 |
|
---|
1618 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY );
|
---|
1619 | $buf = "hello";
|
---|
1620 | $bytes = POSIX::write( $b, $buf, 5 );
|
---|
1621 |
|
---|
1622 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1623 |
|
---|
1624 | See also L<perlfunc/syswrite>.
|
---|
1625 |
|
---|
1626 | =back
|
---|
1627 |
|
---|
1628 | =head1 CLASSES
|
---|
1629 |
|
---|
1630 | =head2 POSIX::SigAction
|
---|
1631 |
|
---|
1632 | =over 8
|
---|
1633 |
|
---|
1634 | =item new
|
---|
1635 |
|
---|
1636 | Creates a new C<POSIX::SigAction> object which corresponds to the C
|
---|
1637 | C<struct sigaction>. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is
|
---|
1638 | no longer needed. The first parameter is the fully-qualified name of a sub
|
---|
1639 | which is a signal-handler. The second parameter is a C<POSIX::SigSet>
|
---|
1640 | object, it defaults to the empty set. The third parameter contains the
|
---|
1641 | C<sa_flags>, it defaults to 0.
|
---|
1642 |
|
---|
1643 | $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);
|
---|
1644 | $sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( \&main::handler, $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP );
|
---|
1645 |
|
---|
1646 | This C<POSIX::SigAction> object is intended for use with the C<POSIX::sigaction()>
|
---|
1647 | function.
|
---|
1648 |
|
---|
1649 | =back
|
---|
1650 |
|
---|
1651 | =over 8
|
---|
1652 |
|
---|
1653 | =item handler
|
---|
1654 |
|
---|
1655 | =item mask
|
---|
1656 |
|
---|
1657 | =item flags
|
---|
1658 |
|
---|
1659 | accessor functions to get/set the values of a SigAction object.
|
---|
1660 |
|
---|
1661 | $sigset = $sigaction->mask;
|
---|
1662 | $sigaction->flags(&POSIX::SA_RESTART);
|
---|
1663 |
|
---|
1664 | =item safe
|
---|
1665 |
|
---|
1666 | accessor function for the "safe signals" flag of a SigAction object; see
|
---|
1667 | L<perlipc> for general information on safe (a.k.a. "deferred") signals. If
|
---|
1668 | you wish to handle a signal safely, use this accessor to set the "safe" flag
|
---|
1669 | in the C<POSIX::SigAction> object:
|
---|
1670 |
|
---|
1671 | $sigaction->safe(1);
|
---|
1672 |
|
---|
1673 | You may also examine the "safe" flag on the output action object which is
|
---|
1674 | filled in when given as the third parameter to C<POSIX::sigaction()>:
|
---|
1675 |
|
---|
1676 | sigaction(SIGINT, $new_action, $old_action);
|
---|
1677 | if ($old_action->safe) {
|
---|
1678 | # previous SIGINT handler used safe signals
|
---|
1679 | }
|
---|
1680 |
|
---|
1681 | =back
|
---|
1682 |
|
---|
1683 | =head2 POSIX::SigSet
|
---|
1684 |
|
---|
1685 | =over 8
|
---|
1686 |
|
---|
1687 | =item new
|
---|
1688 |
|
---|
1689 | Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed automatically
|
---|
1690 | when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be supplied to initialize the
|
---|
1691 | set.
|
---|
1692 |
|
---|
1693 | Create an empty set.
|
---|
1694 |
|
---|
1695 | $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;
|
---|
1696 |
|
---|
1697 | Create a set with SIGUSR1.
|
---|
1698 |
|
---|
1699 | $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );
|
---|
1700 |
|
---|
1701 | =item addset
|
---|
1702 |
|
---|
1703 | Add a signal to a SigSet object.
|
---|
1704 |
|
---|
1705 | $sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
|
---|
1706 |
|
---|
1707 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1708 |
|
---|
1709 | =item delset
|
---|
1710 |
|
---|
1711 | Remove a signal from the SigSet object.
|
---|
1712 |
|
---|
1713 | $sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
|
---|
1714 |
|
---|
1715 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1716 |
|
---|
1717 | =item emptyset
|
---|
1718 |
|
---|
1719 | Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.
|
---|
1720 |
|
---|
1721 | $sigset->emptyset();
|
---|
1722 |
|
---|
1723 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1724 |
|
---|
1725 | =item fillset
|
---|
1726 |
|
---|
1727 | Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals.
|
---|
1728 |
|
---|
1729 | $sigset->fillset();
|
---|
1730 |
|
---|
1731 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1732 |
|
---|
1733 | =item ismember
|
---|
1734 |
|
---|
1735 | Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific signal.
|
---|
1736 |
|
---|
1737 | if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){
|
---|
1738 | print "contains SIGUSR1\n";
|
---|
1739 | }
|
---|
1740 |
|
---|
1741 | =back
|
---|
1742 |
|
---|
1743 | =head2 POSIX::Termios
|
---|
1744 |
|
---|
1745 | =over 8
|
---|
1746 |
|
---|
1747 | =item new
|
---|
1748 |
|
---|
1749 | Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed automatically
|
---|
1750 | when it is no longer needed. A Termios object corresponds to the termios
|
---|
1751 | C struct. new() mallocs a new one, getattr() fills it from a file descriptor,
|
---|
1752 | and setattr() sets a file descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents.
|
---|
1753 |
|
---|
1754 | $termios = POSIX::Termios->new;
|
---|
1755 |
|
---|
1756 | =item getattr
|
---|
1757 |
|
---|
1758 | Get terminal control attributes.
|
---|
1759 |
|
---|
1760 | Obtain the attributes for stdin.
|
---|
1761 |
|
---|
1762 | $termios->getattr()
|
---|
1763 |
|
---|
1764 | Obtain the attributes for stdout.
|
---|
1765 |
|
---|
1766 | $termios->getattr( 1 )
|
---|
1767 |
|
---|
1768 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1769 |
|
---|
1770 | =item getcc
|
---|
1771 |
|
---|
1772 | Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is
|
---|
1773 | an array so an index must be specified.
|
---|
1774 |
|
---|
1775 | $c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);
|
---|
1776 |
|
---|
1777 | =item getcflag
|
---|
1778 |
|
---|
1779 | Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object.
|
---|
1780 |
|
---|
1781 | $c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;
|
---|
1782 |
|
---|
1783 | =item getiflag
|
---|
1784 |
|
---|
1785 | Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object.
|
---|
1786 |
|
---|
1787 | $c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;
|
---|
1788 |
|
---|
1789 | =item getispeed
|
---|
1790 |
|
---|
1791 | Retrieve the input baud rate.
|
---|
1792 |
|
---|
1793 | $ispeed = $termios->getispeed;
|
---|
1794 |
|
---|
1795 | =item getlflag
|
---|
1796 |
|
---|
1797 | Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object.
|
---|
1798 |
|
---|
1799 | $c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;
|
---|
1800 |
|
---|
1801 | =item getoflag
|
---|
1802 |
|
---|
1803 | Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object.
|
---|
1804 |
|
---|
1805 | $c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;
|
---|
1806 |
|
---|
1807 | =item getospeed
|
---|
1808 |
|
---|
1809 | Retrieve the output baud rate.
|
---|
1810 |
|
---|
1811 | $ospeed = $termios->getospeed;
|
---|
1812 |
|
---|
1813 | =item setattr
|
---|
1814 |
|
---|
1815 | Set terminal control attributes.
|
---|
1816 |
|
---|
1817 | Set attributes immediately for stdout.
|
---|
1818 |
|
---|
1819 | $termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );
|
---|
1820 |
|
---|
1821 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1822 |
|
---|
1823 | =item setcc
|
---|
1824 |
|
---|
1825 | Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an
|
---|
1826 | array so an index must be specified.
|
---|
1827 |
|
---|
1828 | $termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );
|
---|
1829 |
|
---|
1830 | =item setcflag
|
---|
1831 |
|
---|
1832 | Set the c_cflag field of a termios object.
|
---|
1833 |
|
---|
1834 | $termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL );
|
---|
1835 |
|
---|
1836 | =item setiflag
|
---|
1837 |
|
---|
1838 | Set the c_iflag field of a termios object.
|
---|
1839 |
|
---|
1840 | $termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT );
|
---|
1841 |
|
---|
1842 | =item setispeed
|
---|
1843 |
|
---|
1844 | Set the input baud rate.
|
---|
1845 |
|
---|
1846 | $termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
|
---|
1847 |
|
---|
1848 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1849 |
|
---|
1850 | =item setlflag
|
---|
1851 |
|
---|
1852 | Set the c_lflag field of a termios object.
|
---|
1853 |
|
---|
1854 | $termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO );
|
---|
1855 |
|
---|
1856 | =item setoflag
|
---|
1857 |
|
---|
1858 | Set the c_oflag field of a termios object.
|
---|
1859 |
|
---|
1860 | $termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST );
|
---|
1861 |
|
---|
1862 | =item setospeed
|
---|
1863 |
|
---|
1864 | Set the output baud rate.
|
---|
1865 |
|
---|
1866 | $termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
|
---|
1867 |
|
---|
1868 | Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
---|
1869 |
|
---|
1870 | =item Baud rate values
|
---|
1871 |
|
---|
1872 | B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200 B1200 B9600 B600 B4800 B50 B2400 B110
|
---|
1873 |
|
---|
1874 | =item Terminal interface values
|
---|
1875 |
|
---|
1876 | TCSADRAIN TCSANOW TCOON TCIOFLUSH TCOFLUSH TCION TCIFLUSH TCSAFLUSH TCIOFF TCOOFF
|
---|
1877 |
|
---|
1878 | =item c_cc field values
|
---|
1879 |
|
---|
1880 | VEOF VEOL VERASE VINTR VKILL VQUIT VSUSP VSTART VSTOP VMIN VTIME NCCS
|
---|
1881 |
|
---|
1882 | =item c_cflag field values
|
---|
1883 |
|
---|
1884 | CLOCAL CREAD CSIZE CS5 CS6 CS7 CS8 CSTOPB HUPCL PARENB PARODD
|
---|
1885 |
|
---|
1886 | =item c_iflag field values
|
---|
1887 |
|
---|
1888 | BRKINT ICRNL IGNBRK IGNCR IGNPAR INLCR INPCK ISTRIP IXOFF IXON PARMRK
|
---|
1889 |
|
---|
1890 | =item c_lflag field values
|
---|
1891 |
|
---|
1892 | ECHO ECHOE ECHOK ECHONL ICANON IEXTEN ISIG NOFLSH TOSTOP
|
---|
1893 |
|
---|
1894 | =item c_oflag field values
|
---|
1895 |
|
---|
1896 | OPOST
|
---|
1897 |
|
---|
1898 | =back
|
---|
1899 |
|
---|
1900 | =head1 PATHNAME CONSTANTS
|
---|
1901 |
|
---|
1902 | =over 8
|
---|
1903 |
|
---|
1904 | =item Constants
|
---|
1905 |
|
---|
1906 | _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON _PC_MAX_INPUT _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC _PC_PATH_MAX _PC_PIPE_BUF _PC_VDISABLE
|
---|
1907 |
|
---|
1908 | =back
|
---|
1909 |
|
---|
1910 | =head1 POSIX CONSTANTS
|
---|
1911 |
|
---|
1912 | =over 8
|
---|
1913 |
|
---|
1914 | =item Constants
|
---|
1915 |
|
---|
1916 | _POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL _POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_INPUT _POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX _POSIX_NO_TRUNC _POSIX_OPEN_MAX _POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF _POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX _POSIX_STREAM_MAX _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDISABLE _POSIX_VERSION
|
---|
1917 |
|
---|
1918 | =back
|
---|
1919 |
|
---|
1920 | =head1 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
|
---|
1921 |
|
---|
1922 | =over 8
|
---|
1923 |
|
---|
1924 | =item Constants
|
---|
1925 |
|
---|
1926 | _SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK _SC_JOB_CONTROL _SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX _SC_PAGESIZE _SC_SAVED_IDS _SC_STREAM_MAX _SC_TZNAME_MAX _SC_VERSION
|
---|
1927 |
|
---|
1928 | =back
|
---|
1929 |
|
---|
1930 | =head1 ERRNO
|
---|
1931 |
|
---|
1932 | =over 8
|
---|
1933 |
|
---|
1934 | =item Constants
|
---|
1935 |
|
---|
1936 | E2BIG EACCES EADDRINUSE EADDRNOTAVAIL EAFNOSUPPORT EAGAIN EALREADY EBADF
|
---|
1937 | EBUSY ECHILD ECONNABORTED ECONNREFUSED ECONNRESET EDEADLK EDESTADDRREQ
|
---|
1938 | EDOM EDQUOT EEXIST EFAULT EFBIG EHOSTDOWN EHOSTUNREACH EINPROGRESS EINTR
|
---|
1939 | EINVAL EIO EISCONN EISDIR ELOOP EMFILE EMLINK EMSGSIZE ENAMETOOLONG
|
---|
1940 | ENETDOWN ENETRESET ENETUNREACH ENFILE ENOBUFS ENODEV ENOENT ENOEXEC
|
---|
1941 | ENOLCK ENOMEM ENOPROTOOPT ENOSPC ENOSYS ENOTBLK ENOTCONN ENOTDIR
|
---|
1942 | ENOTEMPTY ENOTSOCK ENOTTY ENXIO EOPNOTSUPP EPERM EPFNOSUPPORT EPIPE
|
---|
1943 | EPROCLIM EPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTOTYPE ERANGE EREMOTE ERESTART EROFS
|
---|
1944 | ESHUTDOWN ESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESPIPE ESRCH ESTALE ETIMEDOUT ETOOMANYREFS
|
---|
1945 | ETXTBSY EUSERS EWOULDBLOCK EXDEV
|
---|
1946 |
|
---|
1947 | =back
|
---|
1948 |
|
---|
1949 | =head1 FCNTL
|
---|
1950 |
|
---|
1951 | =over 8
|
---|
1952 |
|
---|
1953 | =item Constants
|
---|
1954 |
|
---|
1955 | FD_CLOEXEC F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK F_RDLCK F_SETFD F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC O_WRONLY
|
---|
1956 |
|
---|
1957 | =back
|
---|
1958 |
|
---|
1959 | =head1 FLOAT
|
---|
1960 |
|
---|
1961 | =over 8
|
---|
1962 |
|
---|
1963 | =item Constants
|
---|
1964 |
|
---|
1965 | DBL_DIG DBL_EPSILON DBL_MANT_DIG DBL_MAX DBL_MAX_10_EXP DBL_MAX_EXP DBL_MIN DBL_MIN_10_EXP DBL_MIN_EXP FLT_DIG FLT_EPSILON FLT_MANT_DIG FLT_MAX FLT_MAX_10_EXP FLT_MAX_EXP FLT_MIN FLT_MIN_10_EXP FLT_MIN_EXP FLT_RADIX FLT_ROUNDS LDBL_DIG LDBL_EPSILON LDBL_MANT_DIG LDBL_MAX LDBL_MAX_10_EXP LDBL_MAX_EXP LDBL_MIN LDBL_MIN_10_EXP LDBL_MIN_EXP
|
---|
1966 |
|
---|
1967 | =back
|
---|
1968 |
|
---|
1969 | =head1 LIMITS
|
---|
1970 |
|
---|
1971 | =over 8
|
---|
1972 |
|
---|
1973 | =item Constants
|
---|
1974 |
|
---|
1975 | ARG_MAX CHAR_BIT CHAR_MAX CHAR_MIN CHILD_MAX INT_MAX INT_MIN LINK_MAX LONG_MAX LONG_MIN MAX_CANON MAX_INPUT MB_LEN_MAX NAME_MAX NGROUPS_MAX OPEN_MAX PATH_MAX PIPE_BUF SCHAR_MAX SCHAR_MIN SHRT_MAX SHRT_MIN SSIZE_MAX STREAM_MAX TZNAME_MAX UCHAR_MAX UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX USHRT_MAX
|
---|
1976 |
|
---|
1977 | =back
|
---|
1978 |
|
---|
1979 | =head1 LOCALE
|
---|
1980 |
|
---|
1981 | =over 8
|
---|
1982 |
|
---|
1983 | =item Constants
|
---|
1984 |
|
---|
1985 | LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME
|
---|
1986 |
|
---|
1987 | =back
|
---|
1988 |
|
---|
1989 | =head1 MATH
|
---|
1990 |
|
---|
1991 | =over 8
|
---|
1992 |
|
---|
1993 | =item Constants
|
---|
1994 |
|
---|
1995 | HUGE_VAL
|
---|
1996 |
|
---|
1997 | =back
|
---|
1998 |
|
---|
1999 | =head1 SIGNAL
|
---|
2000 |
|
---|
2001 | =over 8
|
---|
2002 |
|
---|
2003 | =item Constants
|
---|
2004 |
|
---|
2005 | SA_NOCLDSTOP SA_NOCLDWAIT SA_NODEFER SA_ONSTACK SA_RESETHAND SA_RESTART
|
---|
2006 | SA_SIGINFO SIGABRT SIGALRM SIGCHLD SIGCONT SIGFPE SIGHUP SIGILL SIGINT
|
---|
2007 | SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGQUIT SIGSEGV SIGSTOP SIGTERM SIGTSTP SIGTTIN SIGTTOU
|
---|
2008 | SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIG_BLOCK SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN SIG_SETMASK
|
---|
2009 | SIG_UNBLOCK
|
---|
2010 |
|
---|
2011 | =back
|
---|
2012 |
|
---|
2013 | =head1 STAT
|
---|
2014 |
|
---|
2015 | =over 8
|
---|
2016 |
|
---|
2017 | =item Constants
|
---|
2018 |
|
---|
2019 | S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU S_ISGID S_ISUID S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP S_IXOTH S_IXUSR
|
---|
2020 |
|
---|
2021 | =item Macros
|
---|
2022 |
|
---|
2023 | S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG
|
---|
2024 |
|
---|
2025 | =back
|
---|
2026 |
|
---|
2027 | =head1 STDLIB
|
---|
2028 |
|
---|
2029 | =over 8
|
---|
2030 |
|
---|
2031 | =item Constants
|
---|
2032 |
|
---|
2033 | EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS MB_CUR_MAX RAND_MAX
|
---|
2034 |
|
---|
2035 | =back
|
---|
2036 |
|
---|
2037 | =head1 STDIO
|
---|
2038 |
|
---|
2039 | =over 8
|
---|
2040 |
|
---|
2041 | =item Constants
|
---|
2042 |
|
---|
2043 | BUFSIZ EOF FILENAME_MAX L_ctermid L_cuserid L_tmpname TMP_MAX
|
---|
2044 |
|
---|
2045 | =back
|
---|
2046 |
|
---|
2047 | =head1 TIME
|
---|
2048 |
|
---|
2049 | =over 8
|
---|
2050 |
|
---|
2051 | =item Constants
|
---|
2052 |
|
---|
2053 | CLK_TCK CLOCKS_PER_SEC
|
---|
2054 |
|
---|
2055 | =back
|
---|
2056 |
|
---|
2057 | =head1 UNISTD
|
---|
2058 |
|
---|
2059 | =over 8
|
---|
2060 |
|
---|
2061 | =item Constants
|
---|
2062 |
|
---|
2063 | R_OK SEEK_CUR SEEK_END SEEK_SET STDIN_FILENO STDOUT_FILENO STDERR_FILENO W_OK X_OK
|
---|
2064 |
|
---|
2065 | =back
|
---|
2066 |
|
---|
2067 | =head1 WAIT
|
---|
2068 |
|
---|
2069 | =over 8
|
---|
2070 |
|
---|
2071 | =item Constants
|
---|
2072 |
|
---|
2073 | WNOHANG WUNTRACED
|
---|
2074 |
|
---|
2075 | =over 16
|
---|
2076 |
|
---|
2077 | =item WNOHANG
|
---|
2078 |
|
---|
2079 | Do not suspend the calling process until a child process
|
---|
2080 | changes state but instead return immediately.
|
---|
2081 |
|
---|
2082 | =item WUNTRACED
|
---|
2083 |
|
---|
2084 | Catch stopped child processes.
|
---|
2085 |
|
---|
2086 | =back
|
---|
2087 |
|
---|
2088 | =item Macros
|
---|
2089 |
|
---|
2090 | WIFEXITED WEXITSTATUS WIFSIGNALED WTERMSIG WIFSTOPPED WSTOPSIG
|
---|
2091 |
|
---|
2092 | =over 16
|
---|
2093 |
|
---|
2094 | =item WIFEXITED
|
---|
2095 |
|
---|
2096 | WIFEXITED($?) returns true if the child process exited normally
|
---|
2097 | (C<exit()> or by falling off the end of C<main()>)
|
---|
2098 |
|
---|
2099 | =item WEXITSTATUS
|
---|
2100 |
|
---|
2101 | WEXITSTATUS($?) returns the normal exit status of the child process
|
---|
2102 | (only meaningful if WIFEXITED($?) is true)
|
---|
2103 |
|
---|
2104 | =item WIFSIGNALED
|
---|
2105 |
|
---|
2106 | WIFSIGNALED($?) returns true if the child process terminated because
|
---|
2107 | of a signal
|
---|
2108 |
|
---|
2109 | =item WTERMSIG
|
---|
2110 |
|
---|
2111 | WTERMSIG($?) returns the signal the child process terminated for
|
---|
2112 | (only meaningful if WIFSIGNALED($?) is true)
|
---|
2113 |
|
---|
2114 | =item WIFSTOPPED
|
---|
2115 |
|
---|
2116 | WIFSTOPPED($?) returns true if the child process is currently stopped
|
---|
2117 | (can happen only if you specified the WUNTRACED flag to waitpid())
|
---|
2118 |
|
---|
2119 | =item WSTOPSIG
|
---|
2120 |
|
---|
2121 | WSTOPSIG($?) returns the signal the child process was stopped for
|
---|
2122 | (only meaningful if WIFSTOPPED($?) is true)
|
---|
2123 |
|
---|
2124 | =back
|
---|
2125 |
|
---|
2126 | =back
|
---|
2127 |
|
---|