1 | If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you see.
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2 | It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is specially
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3 | designed to be readable as is.
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4 |
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5 | =head1 NAME
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6 |
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7 | README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
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8 |
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9 | =head1 DESCRIPTION
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10 |
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11 | This document describes various features of IBM's Unix operating
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12 | system (AIX) that will affect how Perl version 5 (hereafter just Perl)
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13 | is compiled and/or runs.
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14 |
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15 | =head2 Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
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16 |
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17 | When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. AIX does not ship
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18 | an ANSI compliant C-compiler with AIX by default, but binary builds of
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19 | gcc for AIX are widely available.
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20 |
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21 | At the moment of writing, AIX supports two different native C compilers,
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22 | for which you have to pay: B<xlC> and B<vac>. If you decide to use either
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23 | of these two (which is quite a lot easier than using gcc), be sure to
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24 | upgrade to the latest available patch level. Currently:
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25 |
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26 | xlC.C 3.1.4.10 or 3.6.6.0 or 4.0.2.2 or 5.0.2.9 or 6.0.0.3
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27 | vac.C 4.4.0.3 or 5.0.2.6 or 6.0.0.1
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28 |
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29 | note that xlC has the OS version in the name as of version 4.0.2.0, so
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30 | you will find xlC.C for AIX-5.0 as package
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31 |
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32 | xlC.aix50.rte 5.0.2.0 or 6.0.0.3
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33 |
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34 | subversions are not the same "latest" on all OS versions. For example,
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35 | the latest xlC-5 on aix41 is 5.0.2.9, while on aix43, it is 5.0.2.7.
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36 |
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37 | Perl can be compiled with either IBM's ANSI C compiler or with gcc.
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38 | The former is recommended, as not only can it compile Perl with no
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39 | difficulty, but also can take advantage of features listed later that
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40 | require the use of IBM compiler-specific command-line flags.
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41 |
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42 | The IBM's compiler patch levels 5.0.0.0 and 5.0.1.0 have compiler
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43 | optimization bugs that affect compiling perl.c and regcomp.c,
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44 | respectively. If Perl's configuration detects those compiler patch
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45 | levels, optimization is turned off for the said source code files.
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46 | Upgrading to at least 5.0.2.0 is recommended.
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47 |
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48 | If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and
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49 | complete, and be sure to read the Perl README file for more gcc-specific
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50 | details. Please report any hoops you had to jump through to the development
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51 | team.
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52 |
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53 | =head2 OS level
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54 |
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55 | Before installing the patches to the IBM C-compiler you need to know the
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56 | level of patching for the Operating System. IBM's command 'oslevel' will
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57 | show the base, but is not always complete (in this example oslevel shows
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58 | 4.3.NULL, whereas the system might run most of 4.3.THREE):
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59 |
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60 | # oslevel
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61 | 4.3.0.0
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62 | # lslpp -l | grep 'bos.rte '
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63 | bos.rte 4.3.3.75 COMMITTED Base Operating System Runtime
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64 | bos.rte 4.3.2.0 COMMITTED Base Operating System Runtime
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65 | #
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66 |
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67 | The same might happen to AIX 5.1 or other OS levels. As a side note, perl
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68 | cannot be built without bos.adt.syscalls and bos.adt.libm installed
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69 |
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70 | # lslpp -l | egrep "syscalls|libm"
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71 | bos.adt.libm 5.1.0.25 COMMITTED Base Application Development
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72 | bos.adt.syscalls 5.1.0.36 COMMITTED System Calls Application
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73 | #
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74 |
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75 | =head2 Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
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76 |
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77 | AIX supports dynamically loadable objects as well as shared libraries.
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78 | Shared libraries by convention end with the suffix .a, which is a bit
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79 | misleading, as an archive can contain static as well as dynamic members.
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80 | For perl dynamically loaded objects we use the .so suffix also used on
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81 | many other platforms.
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82 |
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83 | Note that starting from Perl 5.7.2 (and consequently 5.8.0) and AIX 4.3
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84 | or newer Perl uses the AIX native dynamic loading interface in the so
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85 | called runtime linking mode instead of the emulated interface that was
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86 | used in Perl releases 5.6.1 and earlier or, for AIX releases 4.2 and
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87 | earlier. This change does break backward compatibility with compiled
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88 | modules from earlier perl releases. The change was made to make Perl
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89 | more compliant with other applications like Apache/mod_perl which are
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90 | using the AIX native interface. This change also enables the use of C++
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91 | code with static constructors and destructors in perl extensions, which
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92 | was not possible using the emulated interface.
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93 |
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94 | =head2 The IBM ANSI C Compiler
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95 |
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96 | All defaults for Configure can be used.
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97 |
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98 | If you've chosen to use vac 4, be sure to run 4.4.0.3. Older versions
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99 | will turn up nasty later on. For vac 5 be sure to run at least 5.0.1.0,
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100 | but vac 5.0.2.6 or up is highly recommended. Note that since IBM has
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101 | removed vac 5.0.2.1 through 5.0.2.5 from the software depot, these
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102 | versions should be considered obsolete.
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103 |
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104 | Here's a brief lead of how to upgrade the compiler to the latest
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105 | level. Of course this is subject to changes. You can only upgrade
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106 | versions from ftp-available updates if the first three digit groups
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107 | are the same (in where you can skip intermediate unlike the patches
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108 | in the developer snapshots of perl), or to one version up where the
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109 | "base" is available. In other words, the AIX compiler patches are
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110 | cumulative.
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111 |
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112 | vac.C.4.4.0.1 => vac.C.4.4.0.3 is OK (vac.C.4.4.0.2 not needed)
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113 | xlC.C.3.1.3.3 => xlC.C.3.1.4.10 is NOT OK (xlC.C.3.1.4.0 is not available)
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114 |
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115 | # ftp ftp.software.ibm.com
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116 | Connected to service.boulder.ibm.com.
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117 | : welcome message ...
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118 | Name (ftp.software.ibm.com:merijn): anonymous
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119 | 331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.
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120 | Password:
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121 | ... accepted login stuff
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122 | ftp> cd /aix/fixes/v4/
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123 | ftp> dir other other.ll
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124 | output to local-file: other.ll? y
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125 | 200 PORT command successful.
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126 | 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
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127 | 226 Transfer complete.
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128 | ftp> dir xlc xlc.ll
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129 | output to local-file: xlc.ll? y
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130 | 200 PORT command successful.
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131 | 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
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132 | 226 Transfer complete.
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133 | ftp> bye
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134 | ... goodbye messages
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135 | # ls -l *.ll
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136 | -rw-rw-rw- 1 merijn system 1169432 Nov 2 17:29 other.ll
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137 | -rw-rw-rw- 1 merijn system 29170 Nov 2 17:29 xlc.ll
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138 |
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139 | On AIX 4.2 using xlC, we continue:
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140 |
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141 | # lslpp -l | fgrep 'xlC.C '
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142 | xlC.C 3.1.4.9 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler
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143 | xlC.C 3.1.4.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler
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144 | # grep 'xlC.C.3.1.4.*.bff' xlc.ll
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145 | -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6286336 Jul 22 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.1.bff
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146 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6173696 Aug 24 1998 xlC.C.3.1.4.10.bff
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147 | -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6319104 Aug 14 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.2.bff
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148 | -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6316032 Oct 21 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.3.bff
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149 | -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6315008 Dec 20 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.4.bff
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150 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6178816 Mar 28 1997 xlC.C.3.1.4.5.bff
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151 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6188032 May 22 1997 xlC.C.3.1.4.6.bff
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152 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6191104 Sep 5 1997 xlC.C.3.1.4.7.bff
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153 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6185984 Jan 13 1998 xlC.C.3.1.4.8.bff
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154 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6169600 May 27 1998 xlC.C.3.1.4.9.bff
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155 | # wget ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/fixes/v4/xlc/xlC.C.3.1.4.10.bff
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156 | #
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157 |
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158 | On AIX 4.3 using vac, we continue:
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159 |
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160 | # lslpp -l | grep 'vac.C '
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161 | vac.C 5.0.2.2 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler
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162 | vac.C 5.0.2.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler
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163 | # grep 'vac.C.5.0.2.*.bff' other.ll
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164 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 13592576 Apr 16 2001 vac.C.5.0.2.0.bff
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165 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 14133248 Apr 9 2002 vac.C.5.0.2.3.bff
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166 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 14173184 May 20 2002 vac.C.5.0.2.4.bff
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167 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 14192640 Nov 22 2002 vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff
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168 | # wget ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/fixes/v4/other/vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff
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169 | #
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170 |
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171 | Likewise on all other OS levels. Then execute the following command, and
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172 | fill in its choices
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173 |
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174 | # smit install_update
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175 | -> Install and Update from LATEST Available Software
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176 | * INPUT device / directory for software [ vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff ]
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177 | [ OK ]
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178 | [ OK ]
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179 |
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180 | Follow the messages ... and you're done.
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181 |
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182 | If you like a more web-like approach, a good start point can be
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183 | http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/download/downloadaz.jsp and click
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184 | "C for AIX", and follow the instructions.
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185 |
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186 | =head2 The usenm option
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187 |
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188 | If linking miniperl
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189 |
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190 | cc -o miniperl ... miniperlmain.o opmini.o perl.o ... -lm -lc ...
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191 |
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192 | causes error like this
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193 |
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194 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .aintl
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195 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .copysignl
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196 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .syscall
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197 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .eaccess
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198 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setresuid
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199 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setresgid
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200 | ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setproctitle
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201 | ld: 0711-345 Use the -bloadmap or -bnoquiet option to obtain more information.
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202 |
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203 | you could retry with
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204 |
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205 | make realclean
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206 | rm config.sh
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207 | ./Configure -Dusenm ...
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208 |
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209 | which makes Configure to use the C<nm> tool when scanning for library
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210 | symbols, which usually is not done in AIX.
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211 |
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212 | Related to this, you probably should not use the C<-r> option of
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213 | Configure in AIX, because that affects of how the C<nm> tool is used.
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214 |
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215 | =head2 Using GNU's gcc for building perl
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216 |
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217 | Using gcc-3.x (tested with 3.0.4, 3.1, and 3.2) now works out of the box,
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218 | as do recent gcc-2.9 builds available directly from IBM as part of their
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219 | Linux compatibility packages, available here:
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220 |
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221 | http://www.ibm.com/servers/aix/products/aixos/linux/
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222 |
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223 | =head2 Using Large Files with Perl
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224 |
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225 | Should yield no problems.
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226 |
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227 | =head2 Threaded Perl
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228 |
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229 | Threads seem to work OK, though at the moment not all tests pass when
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230 | threads are used in combination with 64-bit configurations.
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231 |
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232 | You may get a warning when doing a threaded build:
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233 |
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234 | "pp_sys.c", line 4640.39: 1506-280 (W) Function argument assignment between types "unsigned char*" and "const void*" is not allowed.
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235 |
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236 | The exact line number may vary, but if the warning (W) comes from a line
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237 | line this
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238 |
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239 | hent = PerlSock_gethostbyaddr(addr, (Netdb_hlen_t) addrlen, addrtype);
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240 |
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241 | in the "pp_ghostent" function, you may ignore it safely. The warning
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242 | is caused by the reentrant variant of gethostbyaddr() having a slightly
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243 | different prototype than its non-reentrant variant, but the difference
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244 | is not really significant here.
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245 |
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246 | =head2 64-bit Perl
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247 |
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248 | If your AIX is installed with 64-bit support, you can expect 64-bit
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249 | configurations to work. In combination with threads some tests might
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250 | still fail.
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251 |
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252 | =head2 AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
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253 |
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254 | In AIX 4.2 Perl extensions that use C++ functions that use statics
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255 | may have problems in that the statics are not getting initialized.
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256 | In newer AIX releases this has been solved by linking Perl with
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257 | the libC_r library, but unfortunately in AIX 4.2 the said library
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258 | has an obscure bug where the various functions related to time
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259 | (such as time() and gettimeofday()) return broken values, and
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260 | therefore in AIX 4.2 Perl is not linked against the libC_r.
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261 |
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262 | =head1 AUTHOR
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263 |
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264 | H.Merijn Brand <[email protected]>
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265 |
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266 | =head1 DATE
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267 |
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268 | Version 0.0.6: 23 Dec 2002
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269 |
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270 | =cut
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