1 | =for maintainers
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2 | Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
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3 |
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4 | =head1 NAME
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5 |
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6 | perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
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7 |
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8 | =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
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9 |
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10 | Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
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11 | below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
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12 | files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
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13 | autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
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14 | by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
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15 | library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
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16 | old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
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17 | run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
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18 | modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
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19 | as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
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20 | already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
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21 | The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
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22 | but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
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23 |
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24 | =head2 Pragmatic Modules
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25 |
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26 | They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
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27 | tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
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28 | work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
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29 | are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
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30 | by saying:
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31 |
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32 | no integer;
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33 | no strict 'refs';
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34 | no warnings;
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35 |
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36 | which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
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37 |
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38 | Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
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39 | C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
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40 | like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
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41 | variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
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42 | just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
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43 | for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
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44 | vars> or C<no subs>.
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45 |
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46 | The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
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47 |
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48 | =over 12
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49 |
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50 | =item attributes
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51 |
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52 | Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
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53 |
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54 | =item attrs
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55 |
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56 | Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
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57 |
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58 | =item autouse
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59 |
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60 | Postpone load of modules until a function is used
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61 |
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62 | =item base
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63 |
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64 | Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
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65 |
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66 | =item bigint
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67 |
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68 | Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
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69 |
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70 | =item bignum
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71 |
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72 | Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
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73 |
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74 | =item bigrat
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75 |
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76 | Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
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77 |
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78 | =item blib
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79 |
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80 | Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
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81 |
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82 | =item bytes
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83 |
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84 | Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
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85 |
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86 | =item charnames
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87 |
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88 | Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes
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89 |
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90 | =item constant
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91 |
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92 | Declare constants
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93 |
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94 | =item diagnostics
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95 |
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96 | Produce verbose warning diagnostics
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97 |
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98 | =item encoding
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99 |
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100 | Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
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101 |
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102 | =item fields
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103 |
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104 | Compile-time class fields
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105 |
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106 | =item filetest
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107 |
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108 | Control the filetest permission operators
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109 |
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110 | =item if
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111 |
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112 | C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
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113 |
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114 | =item integer
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115 |
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116 | Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
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117 |
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118 | =item less
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119 |
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120 | Request less of something from the compiler
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121 |
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122 | =item lib
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123 |
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124 | Manipulate @INC at compile time
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125 |
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126 | =item locale
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127 |
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128 | Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
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129 |
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130 | =item open
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131 |
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132 | Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
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133 |
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134 | =item ops
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135 |
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136 | Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
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137 |
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138 | =item overload
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139 |
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140 | Package for overloading Perl operations
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141 |
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142 | =item re
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143 |
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144 | Alter regular expression behaviour
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145 |
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146 | =item sigtrap
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147 |
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148 | Enable simple signal handling
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149 |
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150 | =item sort
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151 |
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152 | Control sort() behaviour
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153 |
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154 | =item strict
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155 |
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156 | Restrict unsafe constructs
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157 |
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158 | =item subs
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159 |
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160 | Predeclare sub names
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161 |
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162 | =item threads
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163 |
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164 | Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl
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165 |
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166 | =item threads::shared
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167 |
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168 | Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
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169 |
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170 | =item utf8
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171 |
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172 | Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
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173 |
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174 | =item vars
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175 |
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176 | Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
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177 |
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178 | =item vmsish
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179 |
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180 | Control VMS-specific language features
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181 |
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182 | =item warnings
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183 |
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184 | Control optional warnings
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185 |
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186 | =item warnings::register
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187 |
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188 | Warnings import function
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189 |
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190 | =back
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191 |
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192 | =head2 Standard Modules
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193 |
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194 | Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
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195 | manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
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196 | Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
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197 |
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198 | It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
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199 | system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
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200 | don't have the gdbm library.
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201 |
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202 | =over 12
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203 |
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204 | =item AnyDBM_File
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205 |
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206 | Provide framework for multiple DBMs
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207 |
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208 | =item Attribute::Handlers
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209 |
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210 | Simpler definition of attribute handlers
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211 |
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212 | =item AutoLoader
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213 |
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214 | Load subroutines only on demand
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215 |
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216 | =item AutoSplit
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217 |
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218 | Split a package for autoloading
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219 |
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220 | =item B
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221 |
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222 | The Perl Compiler
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223 |
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224 | =item B::Asmdata
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225 |
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226 | Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode
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227 |
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228 | =item B::Assembler
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229 |
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230 | Assemble Perl bytecode
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231 |
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232 | =item B::Bblock
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233 |
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234 | Walk basic blocks
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235 |
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236 | =item B::Bytecode
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237 |
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238 | Perl compiler's bytecode backend
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239 |
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240 | =item B::C
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241 |
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242 | Perl compiler's C backend
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243 |
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244 | =item B::CC
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245 |
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246 | Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
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247 |
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248 | =item B::Concise
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249 |
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250 | Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
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251 |
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252 | =item B::Debug
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253 |
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254 | Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
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255 |
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256 | =item B::Deparse
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257 |
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258 | Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
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259 |
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260 | =item B::Disassembler
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261 |
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262 | Disassemble Perl bytecode
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263 |
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264 | =item B::Lint
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265 |
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266 | Perl lint
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267 |
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268 | =item B::Showlex
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269 |
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270 | Show lexical variables used in functions or files
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271 |
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272 | =item B::Stackobj
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273 |
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274 | Helper module for CC backend
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275 |
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276 | =item B::Stash
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277 |
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278 | Show what stashes are loaded
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279 |
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280 | =item B::Terse
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281 |
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282 | Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
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283 |
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284 | =item B::Xref
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285 |
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286 | Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
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287 |
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288 | =item Benchmark
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289 |
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290 | Benchmark running times of Perl code
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291 |
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292 | =item ByteLoader
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293 |
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294 | Load byte compiled perl code
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295 |
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296 | =item CGI
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297 |
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298 | Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
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299 |
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300 | =item CGI::Apache
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301 |
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302 | Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
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303 |
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304 | =item CGI::Carp
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305 |
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306 | CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
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307 |
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308 | =item CGI::Cookie
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309 |
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310 | Interface to Netscape Cookies
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311 |
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312 | =item CGI::Fast
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313 |
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314 | CGI Interface for Fast CGI
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315 |
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316 | =item CGI::Pretty
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317 |
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318 | Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
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319 |
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320 | =item CGI::Push
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321 |
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322 | Simple Interface to Server Push
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323 |
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324 | =item CGI::Switch
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325 |
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326 | Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
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327 |
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328 | =item CGI::Util
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329 |
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330 | Internal utilities used by CGI module
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331 |
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332 | =item CPAN
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333 |
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334 | Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
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335 |
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336 | =item CPAN::FirstTime
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337 |
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338 | Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
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339 |
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340 | =item CPAN::Nox
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341 |
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342 | Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
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343 |
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344 | =item CPAN::Version
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345 |
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346 | Utility functions to compare CPAN versions
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347 |
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348 | =item Carp
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349 |
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350 | Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
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351 |
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352 | =item Carp::Heavy
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353 |
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354 | Heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
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355 |
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356 | =item Class::ISA
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357 |
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358 | Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
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359 |
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360 | =item Class::Struct
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361 |
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362 | Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
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363 |
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364 | =item Config
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365 |
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366 | Access Perl configuration information
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367 |
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368 | =item Cwd
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369 |
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370 | Get pathname of current working directory
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371 |
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372 | =item DB
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373 |
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374 | Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
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375 |
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376 | =item DBM_Filter
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377 |
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378 | Filter DBM keys/values
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379 |
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380 | =item DB_File
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381 |
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382 | Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
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383 |
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384 | =item Data::Dumper
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385 |
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386 | Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval>
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387 |
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388 | =item Devel::DProf
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389 |
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390 | A Perl code profiler
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391 |
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392 | =item Devel::PPPort
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393 |
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394 | Perl/Pollution/Portability
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395 |
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396 | =item Devel::Peek
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397 |
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398 | A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
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399 |
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400 | =item Devel::SelfStubber
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401 |
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402 | Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
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403 |
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404 | =item Digest
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405 |
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406 | Modules that calculate message digests
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407 |
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408 | =item Digest::MD5
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409 |
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410 | Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
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411 |
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412 | =item Digest::base
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413 |
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414 | Digest base class
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415 |
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416 | =item Digest::file
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417 |
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418 | Calculate digests of files
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419 |
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420 | =item DirHandle
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421 |
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422 | Supply object methods for directory handles
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423 |
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424 | =item Dumpvalue
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425 |
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426 | Provides screen dump of Perl data.
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427 |
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428 | =item DynaLoader
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429 |
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430 | Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
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431 |
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432 | =item Encode
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433 |
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434 | Character encodings
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435 |
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436 | =item Encode::Alias
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437 |
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438 | Alias definitions to encodings
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439 |
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440 | =item Encode::Byte
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441 |
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442 | Single Byte Encodings
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443 |
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444 | =item Encode::CJKConstants
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445 |
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446 | Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
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447 |
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448 | =item Encode::CN
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449 |
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450 | China-based Chinese Encodings
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451 |
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452 | =item Encode::CN::HZ
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453 |
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454 | Internally used by Encode::CN
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455 |
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456 | =item Encode::Config
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457 |
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458 | Internally used by Encode
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459 |
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460 | =item Encode::EBCDIC
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461 |
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462 | EBCDIC Encodings
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463 |
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464 | =item Encode::Encoder
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465 |
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466 | Object Oriented Encoder
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467 |
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468 | =item Encode::Encoding
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469 |
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470 | Encode Implementation Base Class
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471 |
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472 | =item Encode::Guess
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473 |
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474 | Guesses encoding from data
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475 |
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476 | =item Encode::JP
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477 |
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478 | Japanese Encodings
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479 |
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480 | =item Encode::JP::H2Z
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481 |
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482 | Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
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483 |
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484 | =item Encode::JP::JIS7
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485 |
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486 | Internally used by Encode::JP
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487 |
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488 | =item Encode::KR
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489 |
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490 | Korean Encodings
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491 |
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492 | =item Encode::KR::2022_KR
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493 |
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494 | Internally used by Encode::KR
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495 |
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496 | =item Encode::MIME::Header
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497 |
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498 | MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
|
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499 |
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500 | =item Encode::PerlIO
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501 |
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502 | A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
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503 |
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504 | =item Encode::Supported
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505 |
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506 | Encodings supported by Encode
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507 |
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508 | =item Encode::Symbol
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509 |
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510 | Symbol Encodings
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511 |
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512 | =item Encode::TW
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513 |
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514 | Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
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515 |
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516 | =item Encode::Unicode
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517 |
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518 | Various Unicode Transformation Formats
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519 |
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520 | =item Encode::Unicode::UTF7
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521 |
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522 | UTF-7 encoding
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523 |
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524 | =item English
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525 |
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526 | Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
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527 |
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528 | =item Env
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529 |
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530 | Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
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531 |
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532 | =item Errno
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533 |
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534 | System errno constants
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535 |
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536 | =item Exporter
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---|
537 |
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538 | Implements default import method for modules
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539 |
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540 | =item Exporter::Heavy
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541 |
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542 | Exporter guts
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543 |
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544 | =item ExtUtils::Command
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545 |
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546 | Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
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547 |
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548 | =item ExtUtils::Command::MM
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549 |
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550 | Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
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551 |
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552 | =item ExtUtils::Constant
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553 |
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554 | Generate XS code to import C header constants
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555 |
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556 | =item ExtUtils::Constant::Base
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557 |
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558 | Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
|
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559 |
|
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560 | =item ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
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561 |
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562 | Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
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563 |
|
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564 | =item ExtUtils::Constant::XS
|
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565 |
|
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566 | Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
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567 |
|
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568 | =item ExtUtils::Embed
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569 |
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570 | Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
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571 |
|
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572 | =item ExtUtils::Install
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573 |
|
---|
574 | Install files from here to there
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575 |
|
---|
576 | =item ExtUtils::Installed
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---|
577 |
|
---|
578 | Inventory management of installed modules
|
---|
579 |
|
---|
580 | =item ExtUtils::Liblist
|
---|
581 |
|
---|
582 | Determine libraries to use and how to use them
|
---|
583 |
|
---|
584 | =item ExtUtils::MM
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---|
585 |
|
---|
586 | OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
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587 |
|
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588 | =item ExtUtils::MM_AIX
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589 |
|
---|
590 | AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
|
---|
591 |
|
---|
592 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Any
|
---|
593 |
|
---|
594 | Platform-agnostic MM methods
|
---|
595 |
|
---|
596 | =item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
|
---|
597 |
|
---|
598 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
|
---|
599 |
|
---|
600 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
|
---|
601 |
|
---|
602 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
|
---|
603 |
|
---|
604 | =item ExtUtils::MM_DOS
|
---|
605 |
|
---|
606 | DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
|
---|
607 |
|
---|
608 | =item ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
|
---|
609 |
|
---|
610 | Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
|
---|
611 |
|
---|
612 | =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
|
---|
613 |
|
---|
614 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
|
---|
615 |
|
---|
616 | =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
|
---|
617 |
|
---|
618 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
|
---|
619 |
|
---|
620 | =item ExtUtils::MM_QNX
|
---|
621 |
|
---|
622 | QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
|
---|
623 |
|
---|
624 | =item ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
|
---|
625 |
|
---|
626 | U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
|
---|
627 |
|
---|
628 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
|
---|
629 |
|
---|
630 | Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
|
---|
631 |
|
---|
632 | =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
|
---|
633 |
|
---|
634 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
|
---|
635 |
|
---|
636 | =item ExtUtils::MM_VOS
|
---|
637 |
|
---|
638 | VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
|
---|
639 |
|
---|
640 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
|
---|
641 |
|
---|
642 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
|
---|
643 |
|
---|
644 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Win95
|
---|
645 |
|
---|
646 | Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
|
---|
647 |
|
---|
648 | =item ExtUtils::MY
|
---|
649 |
|
---|
650 | ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
|
---|
651 |
|
---|
652 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
|
---|
653 |
|
---|
654 | Create a module Makefile
|
---|
655 |
|
---|
656 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
|
---|
657 |
|
---|
658 | Wrapper around Config.pm
|
---|
659 |
|
---|
660 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
|
---|
661 |
|
---|
662 | Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
|
---|
663 |
|
---|
664 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
|
---|
665 |
|
---|
666 | Writing a module with MakeMaker
|
---|
667 |
|
---|
668 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes
|
---|
669 |
|
---|
670 | Version-agnostic bytes.pm
|
---|
671 |
|
---|
672 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish
|
---|
673 |
|
---|
674 | Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
|
---|
675 |
|
---|
676 | =item ExtUtils::Manifest
|
---|
677 |
|
---|
678 | Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
|
---|
679 |
|
---|
680 | =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
|
---|
681 |
|
---|
682 | Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
|
---|
683 |
|
---|
684 | =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
|
---|
685 |
|
---|
686 | Write linker options files for dynamic extension
|
---|
687 |
|
---|
688 | =item ExtUtils::Packlist
|
---|
689 |
|
---|
690 | Manage .packlist files
|
---|
691 |
|
---|
692 | =item ExtUtils::testlib
|
---|
693 |
|
---|
694 | Add blib/* directories to @INC
|
---|
695 |
|
---|
696 | =item Fatal
|
---|
697 |
|
---|
698 | Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
|
---|
699 |
|
---|
700 | =item Fcntl
|
---|
701 |
|
---|
702 | Load the C Fcntl.h defines
|
---|
703 |
|
---|
704 | =item File::Basename
|
---|
705 |
|
---|
706 | Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
|
---|
707 |
|
---|
708 | =item File::CheckTree
|
---|
709 |
|
---|
710 | Run many filetest checks on a tree
|
---|
711 |
|
---|
712 | =item File::Compare
|
---|
713 |
|
---|
714 | Compare files or filehandles
|
---|
715 |
|
---|
716 | =item File::Copy
|
---|
717 |
|
---|
718 | Copy files or filehandles
|
---|
719 |
|
---|
720 | =item File::DosGlob
|
---|
721 |
|
---|
722 | DOS like globbing and then some
|
---|
723 |
|
---|
724 | =item File::Find
|
---|
725 |
|
---|
726 | Traverse a directory tree.
|
---|
727 |
|
---|
728 | =item File::Glob
|
---|
729 |
|
---|
730 | Perl extension for BSD glob routine
|
---|
731 |
|
---|
732 | =item File::Path
|
---|
733 |
|
---|
734 | Create or remove directory trees
|
---|
735 |
|
---|
736 | =item File::Spec
|
---|
737 |
|
---|
738 | Portably perform operations on file names
|
---|
739 |
|
---|
740 | =item File::Spec::Cygwin
|
---|
741 |
|
---|
742 | Methods for Cygwin file specs
|
---|
743 |
|
---|
744 | =item File::Spec::Epoc
|
---|
745 |
|
---|
746 | Methods for Epoc file specs
|
---|
747 |
|
---|
748 | =item File::Spec::Functions
|
---|
749 |
|
---|
750 | Portably perform operations on file names
|
---|
751 |
|
---|
752 | =item File::Spec::Mac
|
---|
753 |
|
---|
754 | File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
|
---|
755 |
|
---|
756 | =item File::Spec::OS2
|
---|
757 |
|
---|
758 | Methods for OS/2 file specs
|
---|
759 |
|
---|
760 | =item File::Spec::Unix
|
---|
761 |
|
---|
762 | File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
|
---|
763 |
|
---|
764 | =item File::Spec::VMS
|
---|
765 |
|
---|
766 | Methods for VMS file specs
|
---|
767 |
|
---|
768 | =item File::Spec::Win32
|
---|
769 |
|
---|
770 | Methods for Win32 file specs
|
---|
771 |
|
---|
772 | =item File::Temp
|
---|
773 |
|
---|
774 | Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
|
---|
775 |
|
---|
776 | =item File::stat
|
---|
777 |
|
---|
778 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
|
---|
779 |
|
---|
780 | =item FileCache
|
---|
781 |
|
---|
782 | Keep more files open than the system permits
|
---|
783 |
|
---|
784 | =item FileHandle
|
---|
785 |
|
---|
786 | Supply object methods for filehandles
|
---|
787 |
|
---|
788 | =item Filter::Simple
|
---|
789 |
|
---|
790 | Simplified source filtering
|
---|
791 |
|
---|
792 | =item Filter::Util::Call
|
---|
793 |
|
---|
794 | Perl Source Filter Utility Module
|
---|
795 |
|
---|
796 | =item FindBin
|
---|
797 |
|
---|
798 | Locate directory of original perl script
|
---|
799 |
|
---|
800 | =item GDBM_File
|
---|
801 |
|
---|
802 | Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
|
---|
803 |
|
---|
804 | =item Getopt::Long
|
---|
805 |
|
---|
806 | Extended processing of command line options
|
---|
807 |
|
---|
808 | =item Getopt::Std
|
---|
809 |
|
---|
810 | Process single-character switches with switch clustering
|
---|
811 |
|
---|
812 | =item Hash::Util
|
---|
813 |
|
---|
814 | A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
|
---|
815 |
|
---|
816 | =item I18N::Collate
|
---|
817 |
|
---|
818 | Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
|
---|
819 |
|
---|
820 | =item I18N::LangTags
|
---|
821 |
|
---|
822 | Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
|
---|
823 |
|
---|
824 | =item I18N::LangTags::Detect
|
---|
825 |
|
---|
826 | Detect the user's language preferences
|
---|
827 |
|
---|
828 | =item I18N::LangTags::List
|
---|
829 |
|
---|
830 | Tags and names for human languages
|
---|
831 |
|
---|
832 | =item I18N::Langinfo
|
---|
833 |
|
---|
834 | Query locale information
|
---|
835 |
|
---|
836 | =item IO
|
---|
837 |
|
---|
838 | Load various IO modules
|
---|
839 |
|
---|
840 | =item IO::Dir
|
---|
841 |
|
---|
842 | Supply object methods for directory handles
|
---|
843 |
|
---|
844 | =item IO::File
|
---|
845 |
|
---|
846 | Supply object methods for filehandles
|
---|
847 |
|
---|
848 | =item IO::Handle
|
---|
849 |
|
---|
850 | Supply object methods for I/O handles
|
---|
851 |
|
---|
852 | =item IO::Pipe
|
---|
853 |
|
---|
854 | Supply object methods for pipes
|
---|
855 |
|
---|
856 | =item IO::Poll
|
---|
857 |
|
---|
858 | Object interface to system poll call
|
---|
859 |
|
---|
860 | =item IO::Seekable
|
---|
861 |
|
---|
862 | Supply seek based methods for I/O objects
|
---|
863 |
|
---|
864 | =item IO::Select
|
---|
865 |
|
---|
866 | OO interface to the select system call
|
---|
867 |
|
---|
868 | =item IO::Socket
|
---|
869 |
|
---|
870 | Object interface to socket communications
|
---|
871 |
|
---|
872 | =item IO::Socket::INET
|
---|
873 |
|
---|
874 | Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
|
---|
875 |
|
---|
876 | =item IO::Socket::UNIX
|
---|
877 |
|
---|
878 | Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
|
---|
879 |
|
---|
880 | =item IPC::Open2
|
---|
881 |
|
---|
882 | Open a process for both reading and writing
|
---|
883 |
|
---|
884 | =item IPC::Open3
|
---|
885 |
|
---|
886 | Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
|
---|
887 |
|
---|
888 | =item IPC::SysV
|
---|
889 |
|
---|
890 | SysV IPC constants
|
---|
891 |
|
---|
892 | =item IPC::SysV::Msg
|
---|
893 |
|
---|
894 | SysV Msg IPC object class
|
---|
895 |
|
---|
896 | =item IPC::SysV::Semaphore
|
---|
897 |
|
---|
898 | SysV Semaphore IPC object class
|
---|
899 |
|
---|
900 | =item List::Util
|
---|
901 |
|
---|
902 | A selection of general-utility list subroutines
|
---|
903 |
|
---|
904 | =item Locale::Constants
|
---|
905 |
|
---|
906 | Constants for Locale codes
|
---|
907 |
|
---|
908 | =item Locale::Country
|
---|
909 |
|
---|
910 | ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
|
---|
911 |
|
---|
912 | =item Locale::Currency
|
---|
913 |
|
---|
914 | ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
|
---|
915 |
|
---|
916 | =item Locale::Language
|
---|
917 |
|
---|
918 | ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
|
---|
919 |
|
---|
920 | =item Locale::Maketext
|
---|
921 |
|
---|
922 | Framework for localization
|
---|
923 |
|
---|
924 | =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
|
---|
925 |
|
---|
926 | Article about software localization
|
---|
927 |
|
---|
928 | =item Locale::Script
|
---|
929 |
|
---|
930 | ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
|
---|
931 |
|
---|
932 | =item MIME::Base64
|
---|
933 |
|
---|
934 | Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
|
---|
935 |
|
---|
936 | =item MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint
|
---|
937 |
|
---|
938 | Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
|
---|
939 |
|
---|
940 | =item Math::BigFloat
|
---|
941 |
|
---|
942 | Arbitrary size floating point math package
|
---|
943 |
|
---|
944 | =item Math::BigInt
|
---|
945 |
|
---|
946 | Arbitrary size integer/float math package
|
---|
947 |
|
---|
948 | =item Math::BigInt::Calc
|
---|
949 |
|
---|
950 | Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
|
---|
951 |
|
---|
952 | =item Math::BigInt::CalcEmu
|
---|
953 |
|
---|
954 | Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
|
---|
955 |
|
---|
956 | =item Math::BigRat
|
---|
957 |
|
---|
958 | Arbitrary big rational numbers
|
---|
959 |
|
---|
960 | =item Math::Complex
|
---|
961 |
|
---|
962 | Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
|
---|
963 |
|
---|
964 | =item Math::Trig
|
---|
965 |
|
---|
966 | Trigonometric functions
|
---|
967 |
|
---|
968 | =item Memoize
|
---|
969 |
|
---|
970 | Make functions faster by trading space for time
|
---|
971 |
|
---|
972 | =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
|
---|
973 |
|
---|
974 | Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
|
---|
975 |
|
---|
976 | =item Memoize::Expire
|
---|
977 |
|
---|
978 | Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
|
---|
979 |
|
---|
980 | =item Memoize::ExpireFile
|
---|
981 |
|
---|
982 | Test for Memoize expiration semantics
|
---|
983 |
|
---|
984 | =item Memoize::ExpireTest
|
---|
985 |
|
---|
986 | Test for Memoize expiration semantics
|
---|
987 |
|
---|
988 | =item Memoize::NDBM_File
|
---|
989 |
|
---|
990 | Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
|
---|
991 |
|
---|
992 | =item Memoize::SDBM_File
|
---|
993 |
|
---|
994 | Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
|
---|
995 |
|
---|
996 | =item Memoize::Storable
|
---|
997 |
|
---|
998 | Store Memoized data in Storable database
|
---|
999 |
|
---|
1000 | =item NDBM_File
|
---|
1001 |
|
---|
1002 | Tied access to ndbm files
|
---|
1003 |
|
---|
1004 | =item NEXT
|
---|
1005 |
|
---|
1006 | Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch
|
---|
1007 |
|
---|
1008 | =item Net::Cmd
|
---|
1009 |
|
---|
1010 | Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
|
---|
1011 |
|
---|
1012 | =item Net::Config
|
---|
1013 |
|
---|
1014 | Local configuration data for libnet
|
---|
1015 |
|
---|
1016 | =item Net::Domain
|
---|
1017 |
|
---|
1018 | Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
|
---|
1019 |
|
---|
1020 | =item Net::FTP
|
---|
1021 |
|
---|
1022 | FTP Client class
|
---|
1023 |
|
---|
1024 | =item Net::NNTP
|
---|
1025 |
|
---|
1026 | NNTP Client class
|
---|
1027 |
|
---|
1028 | =item Net::Netrc
|
---|
1029 |
|
---|
1030 | OO interface to users netrc file
|
---|
1031 |
|
---|
1032 | =item Net::POP3
|
---|
1033 |
|
---|
1034 | Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
|
---|
1035 |
|
---|
1036 | =item Net::Ping
|
---|
1037 |
|
---|
1038 | Check a remote host for reachability
|
---|
1039 |
|
---|
1040 | =item Net::SMTP
|
---|
1041 |
|
---|
1042 | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
|
---|
1043 |
|
---|
1044 | =item Net::Time
|
---|
1045 |
|
---|
1046 | Time and daytime network client interface
|
---|
1047 |
|
---|
1048 | =item Net::hostent
|
---|
1049 |
|
---|
1050 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
|
---|
1051 |
|
---|
1052 | =item Net::libnetFAQ
|
---|
1053 |
|
---|
1054 | Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
|
---|
1055 |
|
---|
1056 | =item Net::netent
|
---|
1057 |
|
---|
1058 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
|
---|
1059 |
|
---|
1060 | =item Net::protoent
|
---|
1061 |
|
---|
1062 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
|
---|
1063 |
|
---|
1064 | =item Net::servent
|
---|
1065 |
|
---|
1066 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
|
---|
1067 |
|
---|
1068 | =item O
|
---|
1069 |
|
---|
1070 | Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
|
---|
1071 |
|
---|
1072 | =item ODBM_File
|
---|
1073 |
|
---|
1074 | Tied access to odbm files
|
---|
1075 |
|
---|
1076 | =item Opcode
|
---|
1077 |
|
---|
1078 | Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
|
---|
1079 |
|
---|
1080 | =item POSIX
|
---|
1081 |
|
---|
1082 | Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
|
---|
1083 |
|
---|
1084 | =item PerlIO
|
---|
1085 |
|
---|
1086 | On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
|
---|
1087 |
|
---|
1088 | =item PerlIO::encoding
|
---|
1089 |
|
---|
1090 | Encoding layer
|
---|
1091 |
|
---|
1092 | =item PerlIO::scalar
|
---|
1093 |
|
---|
1094 | In-memory IO, scalar IO
|
---|
1095 |
|
---|
1096 | =item PerlIO::via
|
---|
1097 |
|
---|
1098 | Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
|
---|
1099 |
|
---|
1100 | =item PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
|
---|
1101 |
|
---|
1102 | PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
|
---|
1103 |
|
---|
1104 | =item Pod::Checker
|
---|
1105 |
|
---|
1106 | Check pod documents for syntax errors
|
---|
1107 |
|
---|
1108 | =item Pod::Find
|
---|
1109 |
|
---|
1110 | Find POD documents in directory trees
|
---|
1111 |
|
---|
1112 | =item Pod::Functions
|
---|
1113 |
|
---|
1114 | Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
|
---|
1115 |
|
---|
1116 | =item Pod::Html
|
---|
1117 |
|
---|
1118 | Module to convert pod files to HTML
|
---|
1119 |
|
---|
1120 | =item Pod::InputObjects
|
---|
1121 |
|
---|
1122 | Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
|
---|
1123 |
|
---|
1124 | =item Pod::LaTeX
|
---|
1125 |
|
---|
1126 | Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
|
---|
1127 |
|
---|
1128 | =item Pod::Man
|
---|
1129 |
|
---|
1130 | Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
|
---|
1131 |
|
---|
1132 | =item Pod::ParseLink
|
---|
1133 |
|
---|
1134 | Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
|
---|
1135 |
|
---|
1136 | =item Pod::ParseUtils
|
---|
1137 |
|
---|
1138 | Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
|
---|
1139 |
|
---|
1140 | =item Pod::Parser
|
---|
1141 |
|
---|
1142 | Base class for creating POD filters and translators
|
---|
1143 |
|
---|
1144 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
|
---|
1145 |
|
---|
1146 | Let Perldoc check Pod for errors
|
---|
1147 |
|
---|
1148 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
|
---|
1149 |
|
---|
1150 | Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
|
---|
1151 |
|
---|
1152 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
|
---|
1153 |
|
---|
1154 | Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
|
---|
1155 |
|
---|
1156 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
|
---|
1157 |
|
---|
1158 | Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
|
---|
1159 |
|
---|
1160 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
|
---|
1161 |
|
---|
1162 | Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
|
---|
1163 |
|
---|
1164 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToText
|
---|
1165 |
|
---|
1166 | Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
|
---|
1167 |
|
---|
1168 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
|
---|
1169 |
|
---|
1170 | Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
|
---|
1171 |
|
---|
1172 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
|
---|
1173 |
|
---|
1174 | Let Perldoc render Pod as XML
|
---|
1175 |
|
---|
1176 | =item Pod::PlainText
|
---|
1177 |
|
---|
1178 | Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
|
---|
1179 |
|
---|
1180 | =item Pod::Plainer
|
---|
1181 |
|
---|
1182 | Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
|
---|
1183 |
|
---|
1184 | =item Pod::Select
|
---|
1185 |
|
---|
1186 | Extract selected sections of POD from input
|
---|
1187 |
|
---|
1188 | =item Pod::Text
|
---|
1189 |
|
---|
1190 | Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
|
---|
1191 |
|
---|
1192 | =item Pod::Text::Color
|
---|
1193 |
|
---|
1194 | Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
|
---|
1195 |
|
---|
1196 | =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
|
---|
1197 |
|
---|
1198 | Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
|
---|
1199 |
|
---|
1200 | =item Pod::Text::Termcap
|
---|
1201 |
|
---|
1202 | Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
|
---|
1203 |
|
---|
1204 | =item Pod::Usage
|
---|
1205 |
|
---|
1206 | Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
|
---|
1207 |
|
---|
1208 | =item SDBM_File
|
---|
1209 |
|
---|
1210 | Tied access to sdbm files
|
---|
1211 |
|
---|
1212 | =item Safe
|
---|
1213 |
|
---|
1214 | Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
|
---|
1215 |
|
---|
1216 | =item Scalar::Util
|
---|
1217 |
|
---|
1218 | A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
|
---|
1219 |
|
---|
1220 | =item Search::Dict
|
---|
1221 |
|
---|
1222 | Search for key in dictionary file
|
---|
1223 |
|
---|
1224 | =item SelectSaver
|
---|
1225 |
|
---|
1226 | Save and restore selected file handle
|
---|
1227 |
|
---|
1228 | =item SelfLoader
|
---|
1229 |
|
---|
1230 | Load functions only on demand
|
---|
1231 |
|
---|
1232 | =item Shell
|
---|
1233 |
|
---|
1234 | Run shell commands transparently within perl
|
---|
1235 |
|
---|
1236 | =item Socket
|
---|
1237 |
|
---|
1238 | Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
|
---|
1239 |
|
---|
1240 | =item Storable
|
---|
1241 |
|
---|
1242 | Persistence for Perl data structures
|
---|
1243 |
|
---|
1244 | =item Switch
|
---|
1245 |
|
---|
1246 | A switch statement for Perl
|
---|
1247 |
|
---|
1248 | =item Symbol
|
---|
1249 |
|
---|
1250 | Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
|
---|
1251 |
|
---|
1252 | =item Sys::Hostname
|
---|
1253 |
|
---|
1254 | Try every conceivable way to get hostname
|
---|
1255 |
|
---|
1256 | =item Sys::Syslog
|
---|
1257 |
|
---|
1258 | Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
|
---|
1259 |
|
---|
1260 | =item Term::ANSIColor
|
---|
1261 |
|
---|
1262 | Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
|
---|
1263 |
|
---|
1264 | =item Term::Cap
|
---|
1265 |
|
---|
1266 | Perl termcap interface
|
---|
1267 |
|
---|
1268 | =item Term::Complete
|
---|
1269 |
|
---|
1270 | Perl word completion module
|
---|
1271 |
|
---|
1272 | =item Term::ReadLine
|
---|
1273 |
|
---|
1274 | Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
|
---|
1275 |
|
---|
1276 | =item Test
|
---|
1277 |
|
---|
1278 | Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
|
---|
1279 |
|
---|
1280 | =item Test::Builder
|
---|
1281 |
|
---|
1282 | Backend for building test libraries
|
---|
1283 |
|
---|
1284 | =item Test::Builder::Module
|
---|
1285 |
|
---|
1286 | Base class for test modules
|
---|
1287 |
|
---|
1288 | =item Test::Builder::Tester
|
---|
1289 |
|
---|
1290 | Test testsuites that have been built with
|
---|
1291 |
|
---|
1292 | =item Test::Builder::Tester::Color
|
---|
1293 |
|
---|
1294 | Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester
|
---|
1295 |
|
---|
1296 | =item Test::Harness
|
---|
1297 |
|
---|
1298 | Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
|
---|
1299 |
|
---|
1300 | =item Test::Harness::Assert
|
---|
1301 |
|
---|
1302 | Simple assert
|
---|
1303 |
|
---|
1304 | =item Test::Harness::Iterator
|
---|
1305 |
|
---|
1306 | Internal Test::Harness Iterator
|
---|
1307 |
|
---|
1308 | =item Test::Harness::Point
|
---|
1309 |
|
---|
1310 | Object for tracking a single test point
|
---|
1311 |
|
---|
1312 | =item Test::Harness::Straps
|
---|
1313 |
|
---|
1314 | Detailed analysis of test results
|
---|
1315 |
|
---|
1316 | =item Test::Harness::TAP
|
---|
1317 |
|
---|
1318 | Documentation for the TAP format
|
---|
1319 |
|
---|
1320 | =item Test::More
|
---|
1321 |
|
---|
1322 | Yet another framework for writing test scripts
|
---|
1323 |
|
---|
1324 | =item Test::Simple
|
---|
1325 |
|
---|
1326 | Basic utilities for writing tests.
|
---|
1327 |
|
---|
1328 | =item Test::Tutorial
|
---|
1329 |
|
---|
1330 | A tutorial about writing really basic tests
|
---|
1331 |
|
---|
1332 | =item Text::Abbrev
|
---|
1333 |
|
---|
1334 | Create an abbreviation table from a list
|
---|
1335 |
|
---|
1336 | =item Text::Balanced
|
---|
1337 |
|
---|
1338 | Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
|
---|
1339 |
|
---|
1340 | =item Text::ParseWords
|
---|
1341 |
|
---|
1342 | Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
|
---|
1343 |
|
---|
1344 | =item Text::Soundex
|
---|
1345 |
|
---|
1346 | Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
|
---|
1347 |
|
---|
1348 | =item Text::Tabs
|
---|
1349 |
|
---|
1350 | Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
|
---|
1351 |
|
---|
1352 | =item Text::Wrap
|
---|
1353 |
|
---|
1354 | Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
|
---|
1355 |
|
---|
1356 | =item Thread
|
---|
1357 |
|
---|
1358 | Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
|
---|
1359 |
|
---|
1360 | =item Thread::Queue
|
---|
1361 |
|
---|
1362 | Thread-safe queues
|
---|
1363 |
|
---|
1364 | =item Thread::Semaphore
|
---|
1365 |
|
---|
1366 | Thread-safe semaphores
|
---|
1367 |
|
---|
1368 | =item Thread::Signal
|
---|
1369 |
|
---|
1370 | Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably (for old code)
|
---|
1371 |
|
---|
1372 | =item Thread::Specific
|
---|
1373 |
|
---|
1374 | Thread-specific keys
|
---|
1375 |
|
---|
1376 | =item Tie::Array
|
---|
1377 |
|
---|
1378 | Base class for tied arrays
|
---|
1379 |
|
---|
1380 | =item Tie::File
|
---|
1381 |
|
---|
1382 | Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
|
---|
1383 |
|
---|
1384 | =item Tie::Handle
|
---|
1385 |
|
---|
1386 | Base class definitions for tied handles
|
---|
1387 |
|
---|
1388 | =item Tie::Hash
|
---|
1389 |
|
---|
1390 | Base class definitions for tied hashes
|
---|
1391 |
|
---|
1392 | =item Tie::Memoize
|
---|
1393 |
|
---|
1394 | Add data to hash when needed
|
---|
1395 |
|
---|
1396 | =item Tie::RefHash
|
---|
1397 |
|
---|
1398 | Use references as hash keys
|
---|
1399 |
|
---|
1400 | =item Tie::Scalar
|
---|
1401 |
|
---|
1402 | Base class definitions for tied scalars
|
---|
1403 |
|
---|
1404 | =item Tie::SubstrHash
|
---|
1405 |
|
---|
1406 | Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
|
---|
1407 |
|
---|
1408 | =item Time::HiRes
|
---|
1409 |
|
---|
1410 | High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
|
---|
1411 |
|
---|
1412 | =item Time::Local
|
---|
1413 |
|
---|
1414 | Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
|
---|
1415 |
|
---|
1416 | =item Time::gmtime
|
---|
1417 |
|
---|
1418 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
|
---|
1419 |
|
---|
1420 | =item Time::localtime
|
---|
1421 |
|
---|
1422 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
|
---|
1423 |
|
---|
1424 | =item Time::tm
|
---|
1425 |
|
---|
1426 | Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
|
---|
1427 |
|
---|
1428 | =item UNIVERSAL
|
---|
1429 |
|
---|
1430 | Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
|
---|
1431 |
|
---|
1432 | =item Unicode::Collate
|
---|
1433 |
|
---|
1434 | Unicode Collation Algorithm
|
---|
1435 |
|
---|
1436 | =item Unicode::Normalize
|
---|
1437 |
|
---|
1438 | Unicode Normalization Forms
|
---|
1439 |
|
---|
1440 | =item Unicode::UCD
|
---|
1441 |
|
---|
1442 | Unicode character database
|
---|
1443 |
|
---|
1444 | =item User::grent
|
---|
1445 |
|
---|
1446 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
|
---|
1447 |
|
---|
1448 | =item User::pwent
|
---|
1449 |
|
---|
1450 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
|
---|
1451 |
|
---|
1452 | =item XS::APItest
|
---|
1453 |
|
---|
1454 | Test the perl C API
|
---|
1455 |
|
---|
1456 | =item XS::Typemap
|
---|
1457 |
|
---|
1458 | Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
|
---|
1459 |
|
---|
1460 | =item XSLoader
|
---|
1461 |
|
---|
1462 | Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
|
---|
1463 |
|
---|
1464 | =back
|
---|
1465 |
|
---|
1466 | To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
|
---|
1467 | those without documentation or outside the standard release,
|
---|
1468 | just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
|
---|
1469 | double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
|
---|
1470 |
|
---|
1471 | % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
|
---|
1472 | 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
|
---|
1473 | no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
|
---|
1474 |
|
---|
1475 | (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
|
---|
1476 | They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
|
---|
1477 | via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
|
---|
1478 | program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
|
---|
1479 | generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
|
---|
1480 | have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
|
---|
1481 | to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
|
---|
1482 | system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
|
---|
1483 |
|
---|
1484 | Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
|
---|
1485 | incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
|
---|
1486 | your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
|
---|
1487 | install process.)
|
---|
1488 |
|
---|
1489 | =head2 Extension Modules
|
---|
1490 |
|
---|
1491 | Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
|
---|
1492 | are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
|
---|
1493 | but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
|
---|
1494 | include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
|
---|
1495 |
|
---|
1496 | Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
|
---|
1497 | completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
|
---|
1498 | for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
|
---|
1499 | platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
|
---|
1500 | look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
|
---|
1501 | like Alta Vista or Google.
|
---|
1502 |
|
---|
1503 | =head1 CPAN
|
---|
1504 |
|
---|
1505 | CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
|
---|
1506 | replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
|
---|
1507 | guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
|
---|
1508 | occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
|
---|
1509 | CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
|
---|
1510 |
|
---|
1511 | Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
|
---|
1512 | some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
|
---|
1513 | modules are:
|
---|
1514 |
|
---|
1515 | =over
|
---|
1516 |
|
---|
1517 | =item *
|
---|
1518 |
|
---|
1519 | Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
|
---|
1520 |
|
---|
1521 | =item *
|
---|
1522 |
|
---|
1523 | Development Support
|
---|
1524 |
|
---|
1525 | =item *
|
---|
1526 |
|
---|
1527 | Operating System Interfaces
|
---|
1528 |
|
---|
1529 | =item *
|
---|
1530 |
|
---|
1531 | Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
|
---|
1532 |
|
---|
1533 | =item *
|
---|
1534 |
|
---|
1535 | Data Types and Data Type Utilities
|
---|
1536 |
|
---|
1537 | =item *
|
---|
1538 |
|
---|
1539 | Database Interfaces
|
---|
1540 |
|
---|
1541 | =item *
|
---|
1542 |
|
---|
1543 | User Interfaces
|
---|
1544 |
|
---|
1545 | =item *
|
---|
1546 |
|
---|
1547 | Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
|
---|
1548 |
|
---|
1549 | =item *
|
---|
1550 |
|
---|
1551 | File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
|
---|
1552 |
|
---|
1553 | =item *
|
---|
1554 |
|
---|
1555 | String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
|
---|
1556 |
|
---|
1557 | =item *
|
---|
1558 |
|
---|
1559 | Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
|
---|
1560 |
|
---|
1561 | =item *
|
---|
1562 |
|
---|
1563 | Internationalization and Locale
|
---|
1564 |
|
---|
1565 | =item *
|
---|
1566 |
|
---|
1567 | Authentication, Security, and Encryption
|
---|
1568 |
|
---|
1569 | =item *
|
---|
1570 |
|
---|
1571 | World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
|
---|
1572 |
|
---|
1573 | =item *
|
---|
1574 |
|
---|
1575 | Server and Daemon Utilities
|
---|
1576 |
|
---|
1577 | =item *
|
---|
1578 |
|
---|
1579 | Archiving and Compression
|
---|
1580 |
|
---|
1581 | =item *
|
---|
1582 |
|
---|
1583 | Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
|
---|
1584 |
|
---|
1585 | =item *
|
---|
1586 |
|
---|
1587 | Mail and Usenet News
|
---|
1588 |
|
---|
1589 | =item *
|
---|
1590 |
|
---|
1591 | Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
|
---|
1592 |
|
---|
1593 | =item *
|
---|
1594 |
|
---|
1595 | File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
|
---|
1596 |
|
---|
1597 | =item *
|
---|
1598 |
|
---|
1599 | Miscellaneous Modules
|
---|
1600 |
|
---|
1601 | =back
|
---|
1602 |
|
---|
1603 | The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
|
---|
1604 | Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
|
---|
1605 |
|
---|
1606 | Continent
|
---|
1607 | |
|
---|
1608 | |-->Country
|
---|
1609 | |
|
---|
1610 | |-->[state/province]
|
---|
1611 | |
|
---|
1612 | |-->ftp
|
---|
1613 | |
|
---|
1614 | |-->[http]
|
---|
1615 |
|
---|
1616 | and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
|
---|
1617 | European and the South American sites.
|
---|
1618 |
|
---|
1619 | You should try to choose one close to you.
|
---|
1620 |
|
---|
1621 | =head2 Africa
|
---|
1622 |
|
---|
1623 | =over 4
|
---|
1624 |
|
---|
1625 | =item South Africa
|
---|
1626 |
|
---|
1627 | http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1628 | ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1629 | ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1630 | ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1631 | ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
|
---|
1632 |
|
---|
1633 | =back
|
---|
1634 |
|
---|
1635 | =head2 Asia
|
---|
1636 |
|
---|
1637 | =over 4
|
---|
1638 |
|
---|
1639 | =item China
|
---|
1640 |
|
---|
1641 | http://cpan.linuxforum.net/
|
---|
1642 | http://cpan.shellhung.org/
|
---|
1643 | ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1644 | ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN
|
---|
1645 |
|
---|
1646 | =item Indonesia
|
---|
1647 |
|
---|
1648 | http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/
|
---|
1649 | http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
|
---|
1650 | ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
|
---|
1651 |
|
---|
1652 | =item Israel
|
---|
1653 |
|
---|
1654 | ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1655 | http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
|
---|
1656 | http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1657 | ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1658 |
|
---|
1659 | =item Japan
|
---|
1660 |
|
---|
1661 | ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1662 | ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
|
---|
1663 | ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1664 | ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1665 | http://ftp.cpan.jp/
|
---|
1666 | ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/
|
---|
1667 | ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
|
---|
1668 | ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1669 |
|
---|
1670 | =item Malaysia
|
---|
1671 |
|
---|
1672 | http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my
|
---|
1673 | http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1674 | http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1675 |
|
---|
1676 | =item Russian Federation
|
---|
1677 |
|
---|
1678 | http://cpan.tomsk.ru
|
---|
1679 | ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/
|
---|
1680 |
|
---|
1681 | =item Saudi Arabia
|
---|
1682 |
|
---|
1683 | ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1684 |
|
---|
1685 | =item Singapore
|
---|
1686 |
|
---|
1687 | http://CPAN.en.com.sg/
|
---|
1688 | ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/
|
---|
1689 | http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1690 | ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1691 | http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
|
---|
1692 | ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
|
---|
1693 |
|
---|
1694 | =item South Korea
|
---|
1695 |
|
---|
1696 | http://CPAN.bora.net/
|
---|
1697 | ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1698 | http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN
|
---|
1699 | ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1700 |
|
---|
1701 | =item Taiwan
|
---|
1702 |
|
---|
1703 | ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
|
---|
1704 | http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
|
---|
1705 | ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1706 | http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1707 | ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1708 | ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1709 | http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1710 | ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1711 |
|
---|
1712 | =item Thailand
|
---|
1713 |
|
---|
1714 | ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
|
---|
1715 | ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
1716 |
|
---|
1717 | =back
|
---|
1718 |
|
---|
1719 | =head2 Central America
|
---|
1720 |
|
---|
1721 | =over 4
|
---|
1722 |
|
---|
1723 | =item Costa Rica
|
---|
1724 |
|
---|
1725 | http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
|
---|
1726 | ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
|
---|
1727 |
|
---|
1728 | =back
|
---|
1729 |
|
---|
1730 | =head2 Europe
|
---|
1731 |
|
---|
1732 | =over 4
|
---|
1733 |
|
---|
1734 | =item Austria
|
---|
1735 |
|
---|
1736 | http://cpan.inode.at/
|
---|
1737 | ftp://cpan.inode.at
|
---|
1738 | ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1739 |
|
---|
1740 | =item Belgium
|
---|
1741 |
|
---|
1742 | http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1743 | ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1744 | http://cpan.skynet.be
|
---|
1745 | ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1746 | ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
|
---|
1747 |
|
---|
1748 | =item Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
---|
1749 |
|
---|
1750 | http://cpan.blic.net/
|
---|
1751 |
|
---|
1752 | =item Bulgaria
|
---|
1753 |
|
---|
1754 | http://cpan.online.bg
|
---|
1755 | ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan
|
---|
1756 | http://cpan.zadnik.org
|
---|
1757 | ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
1758 | http://cpan.lirex.net/
|
---|
1759 | ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
|
---|
1760 |
|
---|
1761 | =item Croatia
|
---|
1762 |
|
---|
1763 | http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1764 | ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1765 |
|
---|
1766 | =item Czech Republic
|
---|
1767 |
|
---|
1768 | ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1769 | ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1770 |
|
---|
1771 | =item Denmark
|
---|
1772 |
|
---|
1773 | http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
|
---|
1774 | ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
|
---|
1775 | http://cpan.cybercity.dk
|
---|
1776 | http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
|
---|
1777 | ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
|
---|
1778 |
|
---|
1779 | =item Estonia
|
---|
1780 |
|
---|
1781 | ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1782 |
|
---|
1783 | =item Finland
|
---|
1784 |
|
---|
1785 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1786 | http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
|
---|
1787 |
|
---|
1788 | =item France
|
---|
1789 |
|
---|
1790 | http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN
|
---|
1791 | http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
|
---|
1792 | ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
|
---|
1793 | http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
|
---|
1794 | ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
|
---|
1795 | ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1796 | http://fr.cpan.org/
|
---|
1797 | ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1798 | ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
1799 | ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
|
---|
1800 | http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
|
---|
1801 | ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
|
---|
1802 | http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
|
---|
1803 | ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
|
---|
1804 | http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
|
---|
1805 | ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
|
---|
1806 | ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1807 | ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1808 |
|
---|
1809 | =item Germany
|
---|
1810 |
|
---|
1811 | ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1812 | ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1813 | ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
|
---|
1814 | ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
|
---|
1815 | http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1816 | ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1817 | http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1818 | ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1819 | ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1820 | ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1821 | http://cpan.noris.de/
|
---|
1822 | ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1823 | ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1824 | ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
1825 |
|
---|
1826 | =item Greece
|
---|
1827 |
|
---|
1828 | ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl
|
---|
1829 | ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
|
---|
1830 | ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
|
---|
1831 |
|
---|
1832 | =item Hungary
|
---|
1833 |
|
---|
1834 | http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1835 | ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1836 |
|
---|
1837 | =item Iceland
|
---|
1838 |
|
---|
1839 | http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1840 | ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1841 |
|
---|
1842 | =item Ireland
|
---|
1843 |
|
---|
1844 | http://cpan.indigo.ie/
|
---|
1845 | ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1846 | http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1847 | ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1848 | http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
|
---|
1849 | ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
|
---|
1850 |
|
---|
1851 | =item Italy
|
---|
1852 |
|
---|
1853 | http://cpan.nettuno.it/
|
---|
1854 | http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
|
---|
1855 | ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1856 | http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
|
---|
1857 | ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
|
---|
1858 | ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
|
---|
1859 | ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1860 | ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
|
---|
1861 | ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
|
---|
1862 | http://cpan.flashnet.it/
|
---|
1863 | ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1864 |
|
---|
1865 | =item Latvia
|
---|
1866 |
|
---|
1867 | http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1868 |
|
---|
1869 | =item Lithuania
|
---|
1870 |
|
---|
1871 | ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1872 |
|
---|
1873 | =item Netherlands
|
---|
1874 |
|
---|
1875 | ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
|
---|
1876 | ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1877 | ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1878 | http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
|
---|
1879 | ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1880 | ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1881 | ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1882 | http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
|
---|
1883 | ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
|
---|
1884 | http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
|
---|
1885 | ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
|
---|
1886 |
|
---|
1887 | =item Norway
|
---|
1888 |
|
---|
1889 | ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
|
---|
1890 | ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
|
---|
1891 |
|
---|
1892 | =item Poland
|
---|
1893 |
|
---|
1894 | ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN
|
---|
1895 | ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
|
---|
1896 | ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1897 |
|
---|
1898 | =item Portugal
|
---|
1899 |
|
---|
1900 | ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1901 | ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1902 | http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
|
---|
1903 | ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1904 | ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1905 | http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
|
---|
1906 | ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
|
---|
1907 | http://cpan.ip.pt/
|
---|
1908 | ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
|
---|
1909 | http://cpan.telepac.pt/
|
---|
1910 | ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/
|
---|
1911 |
|
---|
1912 | =item Romania
|
---|
1913 |
|
---|
1914 | ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1915 | ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1916 | ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
|
---|
1917 | ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1918 | ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
|
---|
1919 | ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
|
---|
1920 | http://cpan.ambra.ro/
|
---|
1921 | ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1922 | ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1923 | ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1924 | ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
1925 |
|
---|
1926 | =item Russia
|
---|
1927 |
|
---|
1928 | ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1929 | http://cpan.rinet.ru/
|
---|
1930 | ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
|
---|
1931 | ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1932 | ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1933 | http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
|
---|
1934 | ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1935 |
|
---|
1936 | =item Slovakia
|
---|
1937 |
|
---|
1938 | ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1939 |
|
---|
1940 | =item Slovenia
|
---|
1941 |
|
---|
1942 | ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1943 |
|
---|
1944 | =item Spain
|
---|
1945 |
|
---|
1946 | http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
|
---|
1947 | ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
|
---|
1948 | ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN
|
---|
1949 | ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
|
---|
1950 |
|
---|
1951 | =item Sweden
|
---|
1952 |
|
---|
1953 | http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
|
---|
1954 | ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1955 | http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN
|
---|
1956 | ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1957 | ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1958 |
|
---|
1959 | =item Switzerland
|
---|
1960 |
|
---|
1961 | http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
|
---|
1962 | ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
|
---|
1963 | ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
|
---|
1964 | ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
|
---|
1965 |
|
---|
1966 | =item Turkey
|
---|
1967 |
|
---|
1968 | http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1969 | ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
|
---|
1970 | ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
|
---|
1971 |
|
---|
1972 | =item Ukraine
|
---|
1973 |
|
---|
1974 | http://cpan.org.ua/
|
---|
1975 | ftp://cpan.org.ua/
|
---|
1976 | ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1977 | http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
|
---|
1978 | ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1979 |
|
---|
1980 | =item United Kingdom
|
---|
1981 |
|
---|
1982 | http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
|
---|
1983 | ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1984 | http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
|
---|
1985 | ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1986 | http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
|
---|
1987 | ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
|
---|
1988 | http://cpan.etla.org/
|
---|
1989 | ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
|
---|
1990 | ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1991 | http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
|
---|
1992 | ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
1993 | ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1994 | http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/
|
---|
1995 | http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
|
---|
1996 | ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
1997 | ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
|
---|
1998 |
|
---|
1999 | =back
|
---|
2000 |
|
---|
2001 | =head2 North America
|
---|
2002 |
|
---|
2003 | =over 4
|
---|
2004 |
|
---|
2005 | =item Canada
|
---|
2006 |
|
---|
2007 | =over 8
|
---|
2008 |
|
---|
2009 | =item Alberta
|
---|
2010 |
|
---|
2011 | http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
|
---|
2012 | ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2013 |
|
---|
2014 | =item Manitoba
|
---|
2015 |
|
---|
2016 | http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2017 | ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2018 |
|
---|
2019 | =item Nova Scotia
|
---|
2020 |
|
---|
2021 | ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2022 |
|
---|
2023 | =item Ontario
|
---|
2024 |
|
---|
2025 | ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2026 |
|
---|
2027 | =back
|
---|
2028 |
|
---|
2029 | =item Mexico
|
---|
2030 |
|
---|
2031 | http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
|
---|
2032 | ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
|
---|
2033 | http://www.cpan.unam.mx/
|
---|
2034 | ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2035 | http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
|
---|
2036 | ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2037 |
|
---|
2038 | =item United States
|
---|
2039 |
|
---|
2040 | =over 8
|
---|
2041 |
|
---|
2042 | =item Alabama
|
---|
2043 |
|
---|
2044 | http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
|
---|
2045 | ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
|
---|
2046 |
|
---|
2047 | =item California
|
---|
2048 |
|
---|
2049 | http://cpan.develooper.com/
|
---|
2050 | http://www.cpan.org/
|
---|
2051 | ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2052 | http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
2053 | ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
2054 | http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
|
---|
2055 | ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
2056 | http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
|
---|
2057 | ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2058 | http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
|
---|
2059 | ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2060 | http://cpan.digisle.net/
|
---|
2061 | ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2062 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
|
---|
2063 | http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN
|
---|
2064 |
|
---|
2065 | =item Colorado
|
---|
2066 |
|
---|
2067 | ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
2068 | http://cpan.four10.com
|
---|
2069 |
|
---|
2070 | =item Delaware
|
---|
2071 |
|
---|
2072 | http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2073 | ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2074 |
|
---|
2075 | =item District of Columbia
|
---|
2076 |
|
---|
2077 | ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2078 |
|
---|
2079 | =item Florida
|
---|
2080 |
|
---|
2081 | ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
2082 | http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2083 | ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2084 | http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
|
---|
2085 |
|
---|
2086 | =item Indiana
|
---|
2087 |
|
---|
2088 | ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
2089 | http://cpan.netnitco.net/
|
---|
2090 | ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
2091 | http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
|
---|
2092 | ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
|
---|
2093 | http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2094 | ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2095 | http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2096 | ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2097 |
|
---|
2098 | =item Kentucky
|
---|
2099 |
|
---|
2100 | http://cpan.uky.edu/
|
---|
2101 | ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2102 | http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan
|
---|
2103 | ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN
|
---|
2104 |
|
---|
2105 | =item Massachusetts
|
---|
2106 |
|
---|
2107 | http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN
|
---|
2108 | ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2109 | ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
2110 |
|
---|
2111 | =item Michigan
|
---|
2112 |
|
---|
2113 | ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
|
---|
2114 | http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2115 | ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2116 |
|
---|
2117 | =item Nevada
|
---|
2118 |
|
---|
2119 | http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2120 | ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2121 |
|
---|
2122 | =item New Jersey
|
---|
2123 |
|
---|
2124 | http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2125 | ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2126 | http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
|
---|
2127 | ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2128 |
|
---|
2129 | =item New York
|
---|
2130 |
|
---|
2131 | http://cpan.belfry.net/
|
---|
2132 | http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
|
---|
2133 | ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/
|
---|
2134 | http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
|
---|
2135 | ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
|
---|
2136 | ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2137 | http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
|
---|
2138 | ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
|
---|
2139 |
|
---|
2140 | =item North Carolina
|
---|
2141 |
|
---|
2142 | http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
|
---|
2143 | ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
|
---|
2144 | ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
|
---|
2145 | ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
|
---|
2146 |
|
---|
2147 | =item Oklahoma
|
---|
2148 |
|
---|
2149 | ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
2150 |
|
---|
2151 | =item Oregon
|
---|
2152 |
|
---|
2153 | ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2154 |
|
---|
2155 | =item Pennsylvania
|
---|
2156 |
|
---|
2157 | http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
|
---|
2158 | ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
|
---|
2159 | http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2160 | ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2161 | http://cpan.pair.com/
|
---|
2162 | ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2163 | ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2164 |
|
---|
2165 | =item Tennessee
|
---|
2166 |
|
---|
2167 | ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2168 |
|
---|
2169 | =item Texas
|
---|
2170 |
|
---|
2171 | http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
2172 | http://www.binarycode.org/cpan
|
---|
2173 | ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2174 | http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN
|
---|
2175 |
|
---|
2176 | =item Utah
|
---|
2177 |
|
---|
2178 | ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
|
---|
2179 |
|
---|
2180 | =item Virginia
|
---|
2181 |
|
---|
2182 | http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
|
---|
2183 | ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2184 | http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
|
---|
2185 | ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
|
---|
2186 | http://perl.secsup.org/
|
---|
2187 | ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
|
---|
2188 | http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
2189 |
|
---|
2190 | =item Washington
|
---|
2191 |
|
---|
2192 | http://cpan.llarian.net/
|
---|
2193 | ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2194 | http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
|
---|
2195 | ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2196 | ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2197 |
|
---|
2198 | =item Wisconsin
|
---|
2199 |
|
---|
2200 | http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2201 | ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2202 | http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN
|
---|
2203 | ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2204 |
|
---|
2205 | =back
|
---|
2206 |
|
---|
2207 | =back
|
---|
2208 |
|
---|
2209 | =head2 Oceania
|
---|
2210 |
|
---|
2211 | =over 4
|
---|
2212 |
|
---|
2213 | =item Australia
|
---|
2214 |
|
---|
2215 | http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2216 | ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2217 | ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
2218 | ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2219 | http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au
|
---|
2220 |
|
---|
2221 | =item New Zealand
|
---|
2222 |
|
---|
2223 | ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
2224 |
|
---|
2225 | =item United States
|
---|
2226 |
|
---|
2227 | http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
|
---|
2228 | ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
|
---|
2229 |
|
---|
2230 | =back
|
---|
2231 |
|
---|
2232 | =head2 South America
|
---|
2233 |
|
---|
2234 | =over 4
|
---|
2235 |
|
---|
2236 | =item Argentina
|
---|
2237 |
|
---|
2238 | ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
|
---|
2239 | http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
|
---|
2240 | ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
|
---|
2241 |
|
---|
2242 | =item Brazil
|
---|
2243 |
|
---|
2244 | ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2245 | ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
2246 | http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
|
---|
2247 | ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
|
---|
2248 |
|
---|
2249 | =item Chile
|
---|
2250 |
|
---|
2251 | http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
|
---|
2252 | ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2253 |
|
---|
2254 | =back
|
---|
2255 |
|
---|
2256 | =head2 RSYNC Mirrors
|
---|
2257 |
|
---|
2258 | www.linux.org.ar::cpan
|
---|
2259 | theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
|
---|
2260 | ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
|
---|
2261 | rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
|
---|
2262 | ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
|
---|
2263 | mir1.ovh.net::CPAN
|
---|
2264 | rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
|
---|
2265 | ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
---|
2266 | ftp.leo.org::CPAN
|
---|
2267 | ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN
|
---|
2268 | rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
|
---|
2269 | ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
|
---|
2270 | gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
|
---|
2271 | ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
|
---|
2272 | ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
|
---|
2273 | mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
|
---|
2274 | rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
|
---|
2275 | mirror.averse.net::cpan
|
---|
2276 | rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
|
---|
2277 | ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
|
---|
2278 | ftp.solnet.ch::CPAN
|
---|
2279 | cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
|
---|
2280 | cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
|
---|
2281 | rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
|
---|
2282 | ftp.sedl.org::cpan
|
---|
2283 | ibiblio.org::CPAN
|
---|
2284 | cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
|
---|
2285 | aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
|
---|
2286 | archive.progeny.com::CPAN
|
---|
2287 | rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
|
---|
2288 | mirror.aphix.com::CPAN
|
---|
2289 | cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
|
---|
2290 | ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
|
---|
2291 | mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
|
---|
2292 | mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
|
---|
2293 | cpan.pair.com::CPAN
|
---|
2294 | cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
|
---|
2295 | mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
|
---|
2296 | csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
|
---|
2297 |
|
---|
2298 | For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
|
---|
2299 | see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
|
---|
2300 |
|
---|
2301 | =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
|
---|
2302 |
|
---|
2303 | (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
|
---|
2304 | file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
|
---|
2305 |
|
---|
2306 | Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
|
---|
2307 | package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
|
---|
2308 | namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
|
---|
2309 | used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
|
---|
2310 | first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
|
---|
2311 | or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
|
---|
2312 |
|
---|
2313 | A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
|
---|
2314 | name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
|
---|
2315 | called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
|
---|
2316 | its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
|
---|
2317 | totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
|
---|
2318 | might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
|
---|
2319 | demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
|
---|
2320 | exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
|
---|
2321 | the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
|
---|
2322 |
|
---|
2323 | =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
|
---|
2324 |
|
---|
2325 | =over 4
|
---|
2326 |
|
---|
2327 | =item *
|
---|
2328 |
|
---|
2329 | Do similar modules already exist in some form?
|
---|
2330 |
|
---|
2331 | If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
|
---|
2332 | by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
|
---|
2333 | practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
|
---|
2334 | extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
|
---|
2335 | A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
|
---|
2336 | with command line options.
|
---|
2337 |
|
---|
2338 | If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
|
---|
2339 | modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
|
---|
2340 | helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
|
---|
2341 | scheme as the original author.
|
---|
2342 |
|
---|
2343 | =item *
|
---|
2344 |
|
---|
2345 | Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
|
---|
2346 |
|
---|
2347 | Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
|
---|
2348 | Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
|
---|
2349 | of code that need less warnings.
|
---|
2350 |
|
---|
2351 | Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
|
---|
2352 | into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
|
---|
2353 | e.g.,:
|
---|
2354 |
|
---|
2355 | sub new {
|
---|
2356 | my $class = shift;
|
---|
2357 | return bless {}, $class;
|
---|
2358 | }
|
---|
2359 |
|
---|
2360 | or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
|
---|
2361 | or a virtual method.
|
---|
2362 |
|
---|
2363 | sub new {
|
---|
2364 | my $self = shift;
|
---|
2365 | my $class = ref($self) || $self;
|
---|
2366 | return bless {}, $class;
|
---|
2367 | }
|
---|
2368 |
|
---|
2369 | Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
|
---|
2370 | (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
|
---|
2371 | appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
|
---|
2372 | Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
|
---|
2373 |
|
---|
2374 | Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
|
---|
2375 | Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
|
---|
2376 | Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
|
---|
2377 | class names as far as possible.
|
---|
2378 |
|
---|
2379 | Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
|
---|
2380 | C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
|
---|
2381 |
|
---|
2382 | Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
|
---|
2383 | burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
|
---|
2384 | the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
|
---|
2385 |
|
---|
2386 | eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
|
---|
2387 |
|
---|
2388 | Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
|
---|
2389 | C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
|
---|
2390 | to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
|
---|
2391 | does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
|
---|
2392 | into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
|
---|
2393 |
|
---|
2394 | Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
|
---|
2395 | difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
|
---|
2396 | information in objects.
|
---|
2397 |
|
---|
2398 | Always use B<-w>.
|
---|
2399 |
|
---|
2400 | Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
|
---|
2401 | Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
|
---|
2402 | of code that need less strictness.
|
---|
2403 |
|
---|
2404 | Always use B<-w>.
|
---|
2405 |
|
---|
2406 | Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
|
---|
2407 |
|
---|
2408 | Always use B<-w>.
|
---|
2409 |
|
---|
2410 | =item *
|
---|
2411 |
|
---|
2412 | Some simple style guidelines
|
---|
2413 |
|
---|
2414 | The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
|
---|
2415 |
|
---|
2416 | Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
|
---|
2417 | style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
|
---|
2418 | maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
|
---|
2419 | seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
|
---|
2420 |
|
---|
2421 | Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
|
---|
2422 | $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
|
---|
2423 | non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
|
---|
2424 | consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
|
---|
2425 |
|
---|
2426 | Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
|
---|
2427 | reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
|
---|
2428 | and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
|
---|
2429 | use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
|
---|
2430 |
|
---|
2431 | You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
|
---|
2432 | or nature of a variable. For example:
|
---|
2433 |
|
---|
2434 | $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
|
---|
2435 | $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
|
---|
2436 | $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
|
---|
2437 |
|
---|
2438 | Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
|
---|
2439 | e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
|
---|
2440 |
|
---|
2441 | You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
|
---|
2442 | function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
|
---|
2443 |
|
---|
2444 | =item *
|
---|
2445 |
|
---|
2446 | Select what to export.
|
---|
2447 |
|
---|
2448 | Do NOT export method names!
|
---|
2449 |
|
---|
2450 | Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
|
---|
2451 |
|
---|
2452 | Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
|
---|
2453 | export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
|
---|
2454 | short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
|
---|
2455 |
|
---|
2456 | Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
|
---|
2457 | module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
|
---|
2458 | syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
|
---|
2459 | indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
|
---|
2460 |
|
---|
2461 | (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
|
---|
2462 | C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
|
---|
2463 | directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
|
---|
2464 | table.)
|
---|
2465 |
|
---|
2466 | As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
|
---|
2467 | then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
|
---|
2468 | @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
|
---|
2469 |
|
---|
2470 | =item *
|
---|
2471 |
|
---|
2472 | Select a name for the module.
|
---|
2473 |
|
---|
2474 | This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
|
---|
2475 | possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
|
---|
2476 | more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
|
---|
2477 | about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
|
---|
2478 | nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
|
---|
2479 | There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
|
---|
2480 | Module names should begin with a capital letter.
|
---|
2481 |
|
---|
2482 | Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
|
---|
2483 | (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
|
---|
2484 | Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
|
---|
2485 | If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
|
---|
2486 |
|
---|
2487 | If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
|
---|
2488 | practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
|
---|
2489 | avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
|
---|
2490 | Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
|
---|
2491 |
|
---|
2492 | If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
|
---|
2493 | standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
|
---|
2494 | those modules.
|
---|
2495 |
|
---|
2496 | If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
|
---|
2497 | that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
|
---|
2498 | that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
|
---|
2499 | can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
|
---|
2500 | using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
|
---|
2501 |
|
---|
2502 | To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
|
---|
2503 | 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
|
---|
2504 | unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
|
---|
2505 |
|
---|
2506 | =item *
|
---|
2507 |
|
---|
2508 | Have you got it right?
|
---|
2509 |
|
---|
2510 | How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
|
---|
2511 | picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
|
---|
2512 | you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
|
---|
2513 |
|
---|
2514 | The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
|
---|
2515 | is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
|
---|
2516 | all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
|
---|
2517 |
|
---|
2518 | All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
|
---|
2519 | purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
|
---|
2520 | probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
|
---|
2521 | by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
|
---|
2522 |
|
---|
2523 | Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
|
---|
2524 | ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
|
---|
2525 | others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
|
---|
2526 |
|
---|
2527 | =item *
|
---|
2528 |
|
---|
2529 | README and other Additional Files.
|
---|
2530 |
|
---|
2531 | It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
|
---|
2532 | software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
|
---|
2533 | your software and there is not enough time to write the full
|
---|
2534 | documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
|
---|
2535 |
|
---|
2536 | =over 10
|
---|
2537 |
|
---|
2538 | =item *
|
---|
2539 |
|
---|
2540 | A description of the module/package/extension etc.
|
---|
2541 |
|
---|
2542 | =item *
|
---|
2543 |
|
---|
2544 | A copyright notice - see below.
|
---|
2545 |
|
---|
2546 | =item *
|
---|
2547 |
|
---|
2548 | Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
|
---|
2549 |
|
---|
2550 | =item *
|
---|
2551 |
|
---|
2552 | How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
|
---|
2553 |
|
---|
2554 | =item *
|
---|
2555 |
|
---|
2556 | How to install it.
|
---|
2557 |
|
---|
2558 | =item *
|
---|
2559 |
|
---|
2560 | Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
|
---|
2561 |
|
---|
2562 | =item *
|
---|
2563 |
|
---|
2564 | Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
|
---|
2565 |
|
---|
2566 | =back
|
---|
2567 |
|
---|
2568 | If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
|
---|
2569 | split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
|
---|
2570 | Copying, ToDo etc.
|
---|
2571 |
|
---|
2572 | =over 4
|
---|
2573 |
|
---|
2574 | =item *
|
---|
2575 |
|
---|
2576 | Adding a Copyright Notice.
|
---|
2577 |
|
---|
2578 | How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
|
---|
2579 | The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
|
---|
2580 | a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
|
---|
2581 |
|
---|
2582 | Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
|
---|
2583 | and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
|
---|
2584 | or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
|
---|
2585 | just using the GNU GPL.
|
---|
2586 |
|
---|
2587 | My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
|
---|
2588 | Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
|
---|
2589 |
|
---|
2590 | Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
|
---|
2591 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
|
---|
2592 | modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
|
---|
2593 |
|
---|
2594 | This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
|
---|
2595 | also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
|
---|
2596 | Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
|
---|
2597 |
|
---|
2598 | =item *
|
---|
2599 |
|
---|
2600 | Give the module a version/issue/release number.
|
---|
2601 |
|
---|
2602 | To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
|
---|
2603 | should store your module's version number in a non-my package
|
---|
2604 | variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
|
---|
2605 | number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
|
---|
2606 | e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
|
---|
2607 | See L<Exporter> for details.
|
---|
2608 |
|
---|
2609 | It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
|
---|
2610 | Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
|
---|
2611 | releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
|
---|
2612 | See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
|
---|
2613 |
|
---|
2614 | =item *
|
---|
2615 |
|
---|
2616 | How to release and distribute a module.
|
---|
2617 |
|
---|
2618 | It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
|
---|
2619 | module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
|
---|
2620 | Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
|
---|
2621 | distribution.
|
---|
2622 |
|
---|
2623 | If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
|
---|
2624 | include details of its location in your announcement.
|
---|
2625 |
|
---|
2626 | Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
|
---|
2627 | name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
|
---|
2628 | will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
|
---|
2629 | file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
|
---|
2630 | message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
|
---|
2631 | deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
|
---|
2632 | and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
|
---|
2633 | location.
|
---|
2634 |
|
---|
2635 | FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
|
---|
2636 |
|
---|
2637 | Follow the instructions and links on:
|
---|
2638 |
|
---|
2639 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
|
---|
2640 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
|
---|
2641 |
|
---|
2642 | or upload to one of these sites:
|
---|
2643 |
|
---|
2644 | https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
|
---|
2645 | http://pause.perl.org/pause/
|
---|
2646 |
|
---|
2647 | and notify <[email protected]>.
|
---|
2648 |
|
---|
2649 | By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
|
---|
2650 | your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
|
---|
2651 | CPAN!
|
---|
2652 |
|
---|
2653 | Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
|
---|
2654 |
|
---|
2655 | =item *
|
---|
2656 |
|
---|
2657 | Take care when changing a released module.
|
---|
2658 |
|
---|
2659 | Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
|
---|
2660 | Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
|
---|
2661 | old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
|
---|
2662 |
|
---|
2663 | =back
|
---|
2664 |
|
---|
2665 | =back
|
---|
2666 |
|
---|
2667 | =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
|
---|
2668 |
|
---|
2669 | =over 4
|
---|
2670 |
|
---|
2671 | =item *
|
---|
2672 |
|
---|
2673 | There is no requirement to convert anything.
|
---|
2674 |
|
---|
2675 | If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
|
---|
2676 | continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
|
---|
2677 | changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
|
---|
2678 | there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
|
---|
2679 |
|
---|
2680 | =item *
|
---|
2681 |
|
---|
2682 | Consider the implications.
|
---|
2683 |
|
---|
2684 | All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
|
---|
2685 | be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
|
---|
2686 | it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
|
---|
2687 |
|
---|
2688 | =item *
|
---|
2689 |
|
---|
2690 | Make the most of the opportunity.
|
---|
2691 |
|
---|
2692 | If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
|
---|
2693 | opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
|
---|
2694 | creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
|
---|
2695 |
|
---|
2696 | =item *
|
---|
2697 |
|
---|
2698 | The pl2pm utility will get you started.
|
---|
2699 |
|
---|
2700 | This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
|
---|
2701 | corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
|
---|
2702 |
|
---|
2703 | =over 10
|
---|
2704 |
|
---|
2705 | =item *
|
---|
2706 |
|
---|
2707 | Adds the standard Module prologue lines
|
---|
2708 |
|
---|
2709 | =item *
|
---|
2710 |
|
---|
2711 | Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
|
---|
2712 |
|
---|
2713 | =item *
|
---|
2714 |
|
---|
2715 | Converts die(...) to croak(...)
|
---|
2716 |
|
---|
2717 | =item *
|
---|
2718 |
|
---|
2719 | Several other minor changes
|
---|
2720 |
|
---|
2721 | =back
|
---|
2722 |
|
---|
2723 | Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
|
---|
2724 | code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
|
---|
2725 | Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
|
---|
2726 |
|
---|
2727 | =back
|
---|
2728 |
|
---|
2729 | =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
|
---|
2730 |
|
---|
2731 | =over 4
|
---|
2732 |
|
---|
2733 | =item *
|
---|
2734 |
|
---|
2735 | Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
|
---|
2736 |
|
---|
2737 | =item *
|
---|
2738 |
|
---|
2739 | Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
|
---|
2740 |
|
---|
2741 | Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
|
---|
2742 | to reuse.
|
---|
2743 |
|
---|
2744 | =item *
|
---|
2745 |
|
---|
2746 | Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
|
---|
2747 |
|
---|
2748 | =item *
|
---|
2749 |
|
---|
2750 | Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
|
---|
2751 |
|
---|
2752 | =item *
|
---|
2753 |
|
---|
2754 | In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
|
---|
2755 |
|
---|
2756 | fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
|
---|
2757 | the application could invoked as:
|
---|
2758 |
|
---|
2759 | % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
|
---|
2760 | or
|
---|
2761 | % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
|
---|
2762 |
|
---|
2763 | =back
|
---|
2764 |
|
---|
2765 | =head1 NOTE
|
---|
2766 |
|
---|
2767 | Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
|
---|
2768 | have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
|
---|
2769 | doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
|
---|
2770 | that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
|
---|
2771 | because it has a shotgun.
|
---|
2772 |
|
---|
2773 | The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
|
---|
2774 | and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
|
---|
2775 | that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
|
---|
2776 | written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
|
---|
2777 | provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
|
---|
2778 | you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
|
---|