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18 <Metadata name="Title">Farming snails 1: Learning about snails; Building a pen; Food and shelter plants</Metadata>
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21 <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Agriculture and Food Processing|Better Farming series of FAO and INADES - 46 booklets</Metadata>
22 <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Settlements, Housing, Building - Infrastructure Construction (Roads etc)|Settlements and housing: general works incl. low- cost housing, planning techniques, surveying, etc.</Metadata>
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112 <Content>
113
114&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT FACE=&quot;Arial&quot; SIZE=2&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
115
116
117&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS&lt;/P&gt;
118&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Rome 1986&lt;/P&gt;
119
120&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;P-69&lt;/P&gt;
121&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;ISBN 92-5-102396-4&lt;/P&gt;
122
123&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;© FAO 1986&lt;/P&gt;
124
125&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
126</Content>
127<Section>
128 <Description>
129 <Metadata name="Title">Introduction</Metadata>
130 </Description>
131 <Content>
132
133&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1. Did you know that many kinds of snails are good to eat?&lt;/P&gt;
134
135&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2. Snail meat tastes good and it is also good for you. If you have snail meat to eat, it will help to keep you and your family strong and healthy.&lt;/P&gt;
136
137&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p60a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
138 Family kept strong and healthy&lt;/P&gt;
139
140&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3. If you want to have snails to eat you can get them in different ways.&lt;/P&gt;
141
142&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4. Many people gather wild snails that live nearby. Sometimes you can buy snails at the market or from people who gather them to sell to others.&lt;/P&gt;
143
144&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5. You can also raise your own snails. This is called snail farming. Today, a great many people all over the world farm snails.&lt;/P&gt;
145
146&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;6. If you farm your own snails, you will always have a supply of fresh snail meat whenever you want it.&lt;/P&gt;
147
148&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;7. Then, if your family is not too big and you grow more snails than you need to eat, you can sell what you do not use to your neighbours or at the market.&lt;/P&gt;
149
150&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p61a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
151 Selling snails at the market&lt;/P&gt;
152
153&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;8. With more food to eat and the money you get by selling snails, you and your family can live better.&lt;/P&gt;
154
155&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;9. However, if your family is big you will need to grow many more snails if you are going to have enough to eat and to sell at the market.&lt;/P&gt;
156
157&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p61b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
158 You need to grow more snails if your family is big&lt;/P&gt;
159
160&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
161</Content>
162<Section>
163 <Description>
164 <Metadata name="Title">What do you need to start?</Metadata>
165 </Description>
166 <Content>
167
168&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;You will need&lt;/P&gt;
169&lt;DIR&gt;
170
171&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• enough snails to start your snail farm&lt;/P&gt;
172&lt;/DIR&gt;
173
174&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p61c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
175 Snail&lt;/P&gt;
176&lt;DIR&gt;
177
178&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• a place near your house with the right kind of soil and the right amount of water for snails to live and grow&lt;/P&gt;
179&lt;/DIR&gt;
180
181&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p61d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
182 A place near your house&lt;/P&gt;
183&lt;DIR&gt;
184
185&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• the kinds of plants that snails need for food and shelter&lt;/P&gt;
186&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• the materials to build a pen for the snail&lt;/P&gt;
187&lt;/DIR&gt;
188
189&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p62a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
190 Plants that snails need; The materials to build a pen&lt;/P&gt;
191
192&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;10. If you have or can get all of these things, you can raise snails.&lt;/P&gt;
193
194&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
195</Content>
196</Section>
197</Section>
198<Section>
199 <Description>
200 <Metadata name="Title">Learning about snails</Metadata>
201 </Description>
202 <Content>
203
204&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;11. To farm snails is not hard; however, it is quite different from keeping chickens or ducks or from growing crops such as maize, rice, cassava or groundnuts.&lt;/P&gt;
205
206&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;12. Since farming snails is so different from other kinds of farming, you will have to learn a lot of new things.&lt;/P&gt;
207&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;13. One way to learn about snails so that you will be able to farm them is to watch the wild snails that live near you.&lt;/P&gt;
208
209&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p62b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
210 Watch the wild snails&lt;/P&gt;
211
212&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;14. Try to see how they live, how they move and where they go, what plants they like best and what they eat.&lt;/P&gt;
213
214&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;15. You can learn many things by watching wild snails that will help you later if you decide to start a snail farm.&lt;/P&gt;
215
216&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p63a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
217 Wild snail&lt;/P&gt;
218
219&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;16. Another way to learn about snails is to ask an older farmer who knows a lot about your area. If there are people near you who gather snails to sell to others, they may be able to help you.&lt;/P&gt;
220
221&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;17. In the next part of this booklet, you will begin to learn some things that you need to know to farm snails.&lt;/P&gt;
222
223&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
224</Content>
225<Section>
226 <Description>
227 <Metadata name="Title">What kind of snails can you farm?</Metadata>
228 </Description>
229 <Content>
230
231&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;18. The kind of snails that you can farm are snails that live on land, and there are many kinds of land snails that are good to eat.&lt;/P&gt;
232
233&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;19. However, some kinds of land snails are not good to eat and they may even make you very, very sick.&lt;/P&gt;
234
235&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;20. So, you must be very careful when you choose snails to farm. If you are not sure that a snail is good to eat, do not use it.&lt;/P&gt;
236
237&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p63b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
238 Do not use snail unless you are sure it is good to eat&lt;/P&gt;
239
240&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;21. Now look at the drawings on pages 8 to 11 and you will see four kinds of good snails that live in different places.&lt;/P&gt;
241
242&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;22. You may be able to find one of these kinds of snails where you live. Notice that two of them are small and two of them are large.&lt;/P&gt;
243
244&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;23. The smaller kinds of snails, shown on pages 8 and 9, can often be found in places where part of the year is warm and part of the year is cold.&lt;/P&gt;
245
246&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;24. The larger kinds of snails, shown on pages 10 and 11, can often be found in places where it is warm all year round.&lt;/P&gt;
247
248&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p64a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
249 Helix pomatia&lt;/P&gt;
250
251&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This kind of small snail&lt;/P&gt;
252&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 can be found in places where part of the year is warm and part of the year is cold&lt;/P&gt;
253&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 weighs from 15 to 25 grams and measures from 40 to 50 millimetres&lt;/P&gt;
254&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 has a strong shell which is pale brown and off- white&lt;/P&gt;
255&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 grows to full size in two to three years if it is well fed&lt;/P&gt;
256&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 lays from 30 to 50 eggs each growing season&lt;/P&gt;
257
258&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p64b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
259 Helix Pomatia - 30 to 50 small eggs&lt;/P&gt;
260
261&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p64c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
262 Helix aspersa&lt;/P&gt;
263
264&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This kind of small snail&lt;/P&gt;
265&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 can often be found in places where part of the year is warm and part of the year is cold&lt;/P&gt;
266&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 weighs from 4 to 20 grams and measures from 30 to 45 millimetres&lt;/P&gt;
267&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 has a weak shell with broken stripes which are light brown to black&lt;/P&gt;
268&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 grows to full size in one year if it is well fed&lt;/P&gt;
269&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 lays from 40 to 170 eggs one to three times each growing season&lt;/P&gt;
270
271&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p64d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
272 Helix aspersa - 40 to 170 small eggs&lt;/P&gt;
273
274&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p65a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
275 Achatina achatina&lt;/P&gt;
276
277&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This kind of large snail&lt;/P&gt;
278&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 can often be found in places where it is warm all year round&lt;/P&gt;
279&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 weighs from 150 to 200 grams or more and measures from 90 to 130 millimetres&lt;/P&gt;
280&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 has a very strong brown shell&lt;/P&gt;
281&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 grows to full size in two years if it is well fed&lt;/P&gt;
282&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 lays from 100 to 300 eggs one to two times each growing season&lt;/P&gt;
283
284&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p65b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
285 Achatina achatina - 100 to 300 small eggs&lt;/P&gt;
286
287&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p65c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
288 Archchatina marginata&lt;/P&gt;
289
290&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This kind of large snail&lt;/P&gt;
291&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 can often be found in places where it is warm all year round&lt;/P&gt;
292&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 weighs from 150 to 200 grams or more and measures from 90 to 130 millimetres&lt;/P&gt;
293&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 has a very strong brown shell&lt;/P&gt;
294&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 grows to full size in two years if it is well fed&lt;/P&gt;
295&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 lays from five to ten eggs four to eight times each growing season&lt;/P&gt;
296
297&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p65d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
298 Archchatina marginata - five to ten large eggs&lt;/P&gt;
299
300&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;25. If you cannot get one of these snails, you may be able to get others very much like them where you live.&lt;/P&gt;
301
302&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;26. There are many other kinds of good snails. There may even be several kinds of good snails that are eaten where you live.&lt;/P&gt;
303
304&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;27. If snails are eaten where you live, you can farm one of these. Then you will be sure that it is good to eat.&lt;/P&gt;
305
306&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
307</Content>
308</Section>
309<Section>
310 <Description>
311 <Metadata name="Title">Where can you get snails?</Metadata>
312 </Description>
313 <Content>
314
315&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;28. When you are ready to get snails, perhaps you can get them by gathering wild snails that live near you.&lt;/P&gt;
316
317&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p66a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
318 Gathering wild snails&lt;/P&gt;
319
320&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;29. Perhaps you can buy them from people who gather wild snails to sell to others.&lt;/P&gt;
321
322&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p66b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
323 Buying from one who gathers wild snails&lt;/P&gt;
324
325&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;30. You may even be able to buy them from another snail farmer.&lt;/P&gt;
326
327&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p66c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
328 Buying from another snail farmer&lt;/P&gt;
329
330&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
331&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Never term snails that you buy at the market. Snails at the market may have been washed, kept too cold or hurt and they may die soon.&lt;/P&gt;
332
333&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
334</Content>
335</Section>
336<Section>
337 <Description>
338 <Metadata name="Title">Where can you farm snails?</Metadata>
339 </Description>
340 <Content>
341
342&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;31. A good place for a snail farm is one where there already are snails. If there already are snails, you will know that the soil and the water in the soil are right for snails to live and grow.&lt;/P&gt;
343
344&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;32. However, if there are no snails near where you live it does not mean that you cannot raise snails there.&lt;/P&gt;
345
346&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;33. If you have the right kind of soil with the right amount of water, you can bring good snails from another place to start your snail farm.&lt;/P&gt;
347
348&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
349</Content>
350</Section>
351<Section>
352 <Description>
353 <Metadata name="Title">The soil and the water in the soil</Metadata>
354 </Description>
355 <Content>
356
357&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;34. Soil is important for snails. Part of the time they live on the soil and part of the time they live in the soil, and to live well, snails need good soil.&lt;/P&gt;
358
359&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p67a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
360 Snail on the soil; Snail in the soil&lt;/P&gt;
361
362&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;35. When snails are not on the soil or in the soil, they are on plants which grow in the soil. So, the soil must also be good for the kinds of plants that snails need.&lt;/P&gt;
363
364&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p67b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
365 Snail on plant&lt;/P&gt;
366
367&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;36. When snails are in the soil, they are resting or laying their eggs. If the soil has the right amount of water, snails will live well, the eggs they lay will hatch well and the baby snails will come out of the soil easily.&lt;/P&gt;
368
369&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;37. Snails cannot live in hard soil such as heavy clay soils. When heavy clay soil is too dry, snails cannot dig into it to rest and lay their eggs. When heavy clay is too wet, snails and the eggs they lay may die.&lt;/P&gt;
370
371&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;38. Snails cannot live in loose soil such as soils that have a lot of sand. Sandy soils do not hold enough water for snail eggs to hatch.&lt;/P&gt;
372
373&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;39. The drawings on the next page show how a snail digs a hole, lays its eggs, closes the hole and how the baby snails come out when they have hatched.&lt;/P&gt;
374
375&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;40. Snails need calcium from the soil to make their shells. All snails grow better and have stronger shells when there is a lot of calcium in the soil.&lt;/P&gt;
376
377&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;41. So, if you are going to farm snails, you must have a good medium soil that has neither too much clay nor too much sand. It must also have enough calcium and the right amount of water for your snails to live and grow.&lt;/P&gt;
378
379&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
380&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;If you have a garden, you can easily tell if your soll is good for snails. If your green leafy vegetables grow well, snails will also grow well in the same kind of soil&lt;/P&gt;
381
382&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p68a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
383 Snails will grow well in a garden&lt;/P&gt;
384
385&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 snail digging a hole&lt;/P&gt;
386
387&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p68b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
388 1 snail digging a hole&lt;/P&gt;
389
390&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 laying the eggs and closing the hole&lt;/P&gt;
391
392&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p68c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
393 Snail laying eggs&lt;/P&gt;
394
395&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 baby snails hatching and coming out of the hole&lt;/P&gt;
396
397&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p68d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
398 Baby snails hatching and coming out of the hole&lt;/P&gt;
399
400&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
401</Content>
402</Section>
403<Section>
404 <Description>
405 <Metadata name="Title">Plants for food and plants for shelter</Metadata>
406 </Description>
407 <Content>
408
409&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;42. Snails need plants for both food and sheller. Most kinds of snails use several kinds for food and several other kinds for shelter.&lt;/P&gt;
410
411&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p69a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
412 Plants for food and plants for shelter&lt;/P&gt;
413
414&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;43. They may also use different plants for food and shelter at different times of the year. Sometimes during the growing season snails eat and find shelter on the same plants.&lt;/P&gt;
415
416&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;44. Snails usually hide on shelter plants during the day when it is dry and move to food plants to eat at night or early in the morning when they are wet with dew. However, sometimes snails do eat during the day after it has rained.&lt;/P&gt;
417
418&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;45. If you live in a place which has a season when plants do not grow, snails will dig into the soil to rest and they do not eat then.&lt;/P&gt;
419
420&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;46. During the growing season snails will eat a lot and grow very fast if they have food plants that they like.&lt;/P&gt;
421
422&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;47. So, before you begin you will have to find out exactly what plants they like to eat. To do this you will have to watch snails at night when they eat.&lt;/P&gt;
423
424&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p69b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
425 See what snails eat at night&lt;/P&gt;
426
427&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;48. You can tell that snails are eating when you see their heads moving as they scrape food into their mouths. You can also tell when a snail has been eating by the holes it makes in the leaves.&lt;/P&gt;
428
429&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p69c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
430 Snail on leaf&lt;/P&gt;
431
432&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;49. You will also have to find out what plants they like for shelter. To do this you will have to watch snails during the day when they rest.&lt;/P&gt;
433
434&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p70a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
435 See where snails rest during the day&lt;/P&gt;
436
437&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;50. It is often difficult to find snails on shelter plants because they are hiding. So, you will have to look very carefully.&lt;/P&gt;
438
439&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p70b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
440 Snails are hiding on shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
441
442&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;51. In addition to the food plants, there are many other kinds of foods that you can put into a pen for your snails to eat. You will learn about these foods and when you should use them in the next booklet in this series.&lt;/P&gt;
443
444&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
445</Content>
446</Section>
447<Section>
448 <Description>
449 <Metadata name="Title">Dew and rain</Metadata>
450 </Description>
451 <Content>
452
453&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;52. Dew at night in the growing season helps the plants to grow and makes the leaves and the ground wet so that snails can move about.&lt;/P&gt;
454
455&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;53. Rain in the growing season also helps the plants to grow and it cleans the plants of dust and the dirt that snails leave when they move about. The dirt that snails leave may make them sick.&lt;/P&gt;
456
457&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;54. So, it is very important that the food and shelter plants are wet and clean.&lt;/P&gt;
458
459&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;55. When the leaves are wet, snails move easily, eat more and grow well. When the leaves are dry, snails move very little, or not at all, and they grow poorly.&lt;/P&gt;
460
461&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p70c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
462 Wet leaves are good for snails&lt;/P&gt;
463
464&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;56. When it rains and the plants are clean, the snails will be healthy. When it does not rain and the plants are dirty, the snails may get sick.&lt;/P&gt;
465
466&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;57. Dew and rain also keep the ground moist so that the snails can move easily and dig into it to rest and to lay their eggs.&lt;/P&gt;
467
468&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;58. In the next booklet, you will be told how to wet the leaves of plants and moisten the ground when it is too dry.&lt;/P&gt;
469
470&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
471</Content>
472</Section>
473<Section>
474 <Description>
475 <Metadata name="Title">Land that is wet</Metadata>
476 </Description>
477 <Content>
478
479&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;59. Land that is very wet, low land that does not drain well or land that floods in the rainy season is not good for snail farming.&lt;/P&gt;
480
481&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p71a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
482 Low, wet land is bad for snails&lt;/P&gt;
483
484&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
485</Content>
486</Section>
487<Section>
488 <Description>
489 <Metadata name="Title">Wind</Metadata>
490 </Description>
491 <Content>
492
493&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;60. Wind during the growing season is bad because it dries the dew and dries out the snails.&lt;/P&gt;
494
495&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p71b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
496 Wind is bad for snails&lt;/P&gt;
497
498&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;61. If you decide to farm snails, try to keep them in a place that is protected from the wind.&lt;/P&gt;
499
500&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p71c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
501 Snails should be farmed in a place protected from the wind&lt;/P&gt;
502
503&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
504</Content>
505</Section>
506<Section>
507 <Description>
508 <Metadata name="Title">Where do you keep snails when you farm them?</Metadata>
509 </Description>
510 <Content>
511
512&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;62. If you decide to farm snails you must keep them in a pen. Snails kept in a well- built pen will not get away easily and you can watch them and take care of them well.&lt;/P&gt;
513
514&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;63. After the first year you will need at least two pens. If you decide to farm more snails you may want even more pens. You will learn how to use two or more pens in the next booklet.&lt;/P&gt;
515
516&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p72a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
517 Two pens the second year&lt;/P&gt;
518
519&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;64. In each pen you can give your snails the right kinds of plants for them to eat and to use as shelter.&lt;/P&gt;
520
521&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;65. In each pen you can put the food and shelter plants near each other so that the snails can move easily from one to the other.&lt;/P&gt;
522
523&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;66. Each pen you build must also keep the snails safe from their enemies. Snails have many enemies. You must be careful to protect them from&lt;/P&gt;
524&lt;DIR&gt;
525
526&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• mice and rats&lt;/P&gt;
527&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• shrews and moles&lt;/P&gt;
528&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• walking insects that live on the ground such as ants and beetles&lt;/P&gt;
529&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• slugs and other snails that eat snail meat&lt;/P&gt;
530&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• birds that eat snails&lt;/P&gt;
531&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• frogs and toads&lt;/P&gt;
532&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• thieves&lt;/P&gt;
533&lt;/DIR&gt;
534
535&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p72b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
536 Protect them from
&lt;/P&gt;
537
538&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;67. A snail pen can be small or large depending on how many snails you want to raise. However, when you first begin, start with a small pen. You will need fewer materials. It will be easier to take care of.&lt;/P&gt;
539
540&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;68. In addition, with a small pen you will need fewer snails to begin. When you know more about raising snails, you can build a bigger pen and get more snails to raise.&lt;/P&gt;
541
542&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;69. A good size for a pen is 5 x 5 metres. Later in this booklet you will learn how to build a small pen of this size.&lt;/P&gt;
543
544&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
545</Content>
546</Section>
547<Section>
548 <Description>
549 <Metadata name="Title">How many snails will you need when you first begin?</Metadata>
550 </Description>
551 <Content>
552
553&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;70. If you are using small snails like those you have seen on pages 8 and 9 in this booklet, you will need more snails to begin.&lt;/P&gt;
554
555&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;71. If you are using large snails like those you have seen on pages 10 and 11 in this booklet, you will need fewer snails to begin.&lt;/P&gt;
556
557&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;72. With a pen of 5 x 5 metres (25 square metres) you will need&lt;/P&gt;
558
559&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• 150 snails if you use the small kind (6 for each square metre)&lt;/P&gt;
560&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• 25 snails if you use the large kind (1 for each square metre).&lt;/P&gt;
561
562&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p73a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
563 150 small snails; 25 large snails&lt;/P&gt;
564
565&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
566</Content>
567</Section>
568<Section>
569 <Description>
570 <Metadata name="Title">How much snail meat can you expect to get?</Metadata>
571 </Description>
572 <Content>
573
574&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;73. The amount of snail meat that you will get from small snails will be about the same as what you would get from large snails. This is because you will use many more small snails than large snails and the meat will be about equal.&lt;/P&gt;
575
576&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;74. With one 5 x 5 metre pen you will get 12 to 13 kilograms of snail meat each year and with two 5 x 5 metre pens you will get 24 to 26 kilograms each year.&lt;/P&gt;
577
578&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p73b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
579 12 to 13 kilograms each year; 24 to 26 kilograms each year&lt;/P&gt;
580
581&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
582</Content>
583</Section>
584<Section>
585 <Description>
586 <Metadata name="Title">Now you must decide</Metadata>
587 </Description>
588 <Content>
589
590&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;75. In the first part of this booklet you have learned many things about snails and farming snails. You have learned&lt;/P&gt;
591&lt;DIR&gt;
592
593&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• why it is good to farm snails&lt;/P&gt;
594&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• what you need to farm snails&lt;/P&gt;
595&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• what kinds of snails you can farm&lt;/P&gt;
596&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• how to find plants near you that are good for food and shelter&lt;/P&gt;
597&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• what kind of soil and how much water in the soil snails need&lt;/P&gt;
598&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• where to keep snails and how many you need to start&lt;/P&gt;
599&lt;/DIR&gt;
600
601&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;76. You may also have been able to learn a lot about snails by watching the wild snails near where you live.&lt;/P&gt;
602
603&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;77. An old farmer may have told you what he knows about snails. Someone who gathers snails to sell to others or another snail farmer may have helped you to learn.&lt;/P&gt;
604
605&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;78. So, now that you know a lot about snails it is time to decide if you would like to start your own snail farm.&lt;/P&gt;
606
607&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;79. If you would like to begin you will learn exactly what to do in the rest of this booklet and in the next booklet.&lt;/P&gt;
608
609&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
610</Content>
611</Section>
612</Section>
613<Section>
614 <Description>
615 <Metadata name="Title">How to begin</Metadata>
616 </Description>
617 <Content>
618
619&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
620</Content>
621<Section>
622 <Description>
623 <Metadata name="Title">Choose a place on your land to put your snail farm</Metadata>
624 </Description>
625 <Content>
626
627&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;80. Try to choose a place that is close to your house. That way you will be able to watch your snails, protect them from their enemies and take care of them easily&lt;/P&gt;
628
629&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p74a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
630 Close to your house&lt;/P&gt;
631
632&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;81. In Items 34 to 41 you were told that to farm snails you must have the right kind of soil with the right amount of water.&lt;/P&gt;
633
634&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;82. Remember, if green leafy vegetables grow well in your soil, snails will also grow well in the same kind of soil.&lt;/P&gt;
635
636&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p74b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
637 If your garden grows well, so will your snails&lt;/P&gt;
638
639&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;83. In Items 59 to 61 you were told that low, wet land and wind are bad for snails. So, avoid low, wet places and try to put your snail farm where it is protected from the wind.&lt;/P&gt;
640
641&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p75a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
642 Avoid low, wet land; Find a place protected from wind&lt;/P&gt;
643
644&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;84. In Item 63 you were told that after the first year you will need at least two pens and later you may want even more. In Item 69 you were told that it is best to start with a small pen of 5 x 5 metres.&lt;/P&gt;
645
646&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;85. So, try to find a place where you can put at least two or three 5 x 5 metre pens.&lt;/P&gt;
647
648&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p75b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
649 two or three 5 x 5 metre pens&lt;/P&gt;
650
651&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
652</Content>
653</Section>
654<Section>
655 <Description>
656 <Metadata name="Title">Clean the site and prepare the ground</Metadata>
657 </Description>
658 <Content>
659
660&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;86. Clean the site and prepare the ground a little before the growing season so that you can build the pen in time to plant the food and shelter plants.&lt;/P&gt;
661
662&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;87. First, mark out a square of 8 x 8 metres on the place that you have chosen.&lt;/P&gt;
663
664&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p75c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
665 Mark and clear the 8 x 8 metre square&lt;/P&gt;
666
667&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;88. That way, with a pen of 5 x 5 metres in the centre of the square, you will have a path of 1.5 metres all the way around it (see Item 92). If you have enough land, the path can be even wider.&lt;/P&gt;
668
669&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;89. Clear the square of trees, bushes grass, creeping grass and weeds. Take away all of the roots and the big stones that you can.&lt;/P&gt;
670
671&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p76a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
672 Take away roots and big stones&lt;/P&gt;
673
674&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;90. Spread the plant material that you have cleaned evenly on the ground and cover the whole square. If there is not enough, bring more plant material from another place.&lt;/P&gt;
675
676&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p76b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
677 Cover the square with plant materials&lt;/P&gt;
678
679&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;91. When the plant material is dry, burn it. This will kill the insects, the weed seeds and the roots of creeping grass, and rid the ground of mice, rats and shrews.&lt;/P&gt;
680
681&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p76c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
682 Burn the plant materials&lt;/P&gt;
683
684&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
685&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Insecticides and poisons can also be used to rid your pen of insects, mice, rats and other enemies of snails. However, if you use them, do not use them by yourself because they are very dangerous. Ask someone who knows how to use them, such as your extension agent.&lt;/P&gt;
686
687&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;92. Now mark out a smaller square of 5 x 5 metres inside the big square. This is for your first snail pen.&lt;/P&gt;
688
689&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p77a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
690 Mark the 5 x 5 metre square&lt;/P&gt;
691
692&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;93. Dig the ground in the smaller square to a depth of 20 centimetres and turn it over well. As you dig, remove any rubbish or roots that you find.&lt;/P&gt;
693
694&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p77b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
695 Dig in the ground&lt;/P&gt;
696
697&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;94. While you are digging, if you see any more insects or any of the enemies of snails, bring more dry plant material and burn the ground again. To farm snails, the area must be free of insects, mice, rats and other enemies.&lt;/P&gt;
698
699&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;95. When you have finished digging, the ground in the 5 x 5 metre square should be as smooth and well worked as it would be if you were planting a vegetable garden.&lt;/P&gt;
700
701&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p77c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
702 The 5 x 5 metre square should be smooth&lt;/P&gt;
703
704&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;96. However, do not use any fertilizer, animal manure or compost as you might with a vegetable garden. Fertilizers may burn the snails and animal manure or compost may bring in insects and weed seeds.&lt;/P&gt;
705
706&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
707</Content>
708</Section>
709</Section>
710<Section>
711 <Description>
712 <Metadata name="Title">Building a pen</Metadata>
713 </Description>
714 <Content>
715
716&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;97. Build a pen for your snails as soon as you can after you have burned the plant material. This is to keep other insects, mice, rats or shrews from getting into your pen.&lt;/P&gt;
717
718&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;98. A snail pen is a simple fenced- in area and you can build a fence using&lt;/P&gt;
719&lt;DIR&gt;
720
721&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• corrugated sheet metal or plastic sheets&lt;/P&gt;
722&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• woven plant material&lt;/P&gt;
723&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• woven plant material with chicken wire&lt;/P&gt;
724&lt;/DIR&gt;
725
726&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p78a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
727 Materials for fence&lt;/P&gt;
728
729&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Using corrugated sheet metal or plastic sheets&lt;/P&gt;
730
731&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;99. A fence of corrugated sheet metal or plastic sheets makes the best pen for snails because it keeps out their enemies very well. However, sheet metal or plastic costs a lot of money.&lt;/P&gt;
732
733&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p78b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
734 A fence of corrugated sheet metal&lt;/P&gt;
735
736&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;100. If you are going to build a pen using corrugated metal or plastic, you must build it in such a way that the enemies of snails cannot get in between the sheets.&lt;/P&gt;
737
738&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Using woven plant material&lt;/P&gt;
739
740&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;101. To save money, you can build a fence of woven plant material such as split bamboo. If the woven material is tight, it will keep out enough of enemies for you to farm snails.&lt;/P&gt;
741
742&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p79a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
743 Woven material&lt;/P&gt;
744
745&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Using woven plant material with chicken wire&lt;/P&gt;
746
747&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;102. If you can get fine- mesh chicken wire, you can improve a fence that is made of woven material.&lt;/P&gt;
748
749&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p79b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
750 Chicken wire&lt;/P&gt;
751
752&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;103. To do this, first make the fence of chicken wire and then cover it with woven material.&lt;/P&gt;
753
754&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p79c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
755 First use chicken wire then cover it with woven material&lt;/P&gt;
756
757&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;104. The chicken wire will keep out rats and other small animals. The woven plant material will keep most of the insects out and keep the snails in.&lt;/P&gt;
758
759&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p79d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
760 Keep out small animals&lt;/P&gt;
761
762&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
763&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;With any kind of pen animals such as rats may get in, and this is especially true with pens made only of woven plant material. So, you must always watch for rats and other animals and keep them out.&lt;/P&gt;
764
765&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;How to build the fence&lt;/P&gt;
766
767&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;105. Build the fence as you would any fence, by driving posts into the ground. Use posts 1.40 metres long. When the posts are in place they should be 1.00 metre above and 0.40 metre below the ground.&lt;/P&gt;
768
769&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p80a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
770 Drive posts into the ground&lt;/P&gt;
771
772&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;106. Whatever material you use for the fence of your pen, it should be buried 0.40 metre below the ground.&lt;/P&gt;
773
774&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;107. If you are using woven material you will have to change the bottom of the fence when it rots.&lt;/P&gt;
775
776&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;108. This can be done more easily by making the woven material in two parts, one for the top and one for the bottom. When the bottom part rots, you can change it without having to change the whole fence.&lt;/P&gt;
777
778&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p80b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
779 Attach top parts first; attach bottom parts second&lt;/P&gt;
780
781&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Keeping your snails in the pen&lt;/P&gt;
782
783&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;109. Many of your snails may crawl over the fence and get out of the pen. If you build a flap on the inside at the top of the fence, it will be more difficult for your snails to get out.&lt;/P&gt;
784
785&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;110. However, even with a flap some snails may get out, and for this reason many snail farmers put two flaps on their fence. With two flaps they find that fewer snails get out.&lt;/P&gt;
786
787&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p81a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
788 With two flaps, your snails will not easily crawl out of the pen&lt;/P&gt;
789
790&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
791&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;If you make your pen using galvanized sheet metal, you will not need flaps. Snails will not crawl on galvanized sheet metal.&lt;/P&gt;
792
793&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;111. The drawings show you how to build a 5 x 5 metre pen using woven plant material, with and without chicken wire and how to build flaps to keep your snails in.&lt;/P&gt;
794
795&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p81b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
796 How to build a 5 x 5 metre small pen&lt;/P&gt;
797
798&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 if you are using woven material only, attach it as you were told to do in Item 108&lt;/P&gt;
799
800&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p82a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
801 Attach woven material&lt;/P&gt;
802
803&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 If you are using chicken wire and woven material, attach the chicken wire first and then the woven material&lt;/P&gt;
804
805&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p82b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
806 Attach the chicken material first&lt;/P&gt;
807
808&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 be sure that the fence cover goes all the way to the bottom of the 0.40- m trench&lt;/P&gt;
809
810&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p82c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
811 0.40- m trench&lt;/P&gt;
812
813&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;6 fill in the trench&lt;/P&gt;
814
815&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p82d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
816 Fill in the trench&lt;/P&gt;
817
818&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;7 attach the flaps to the inside of the pen&lt;/P&gt;
819&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note: use woven material 0.25 m wide for the flaps&lt;/P&gt;
820
821&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;8 first attach the bottom flap using heavy cord&lt;/P&gt;
822
823&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p83a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
824 Use heavy cord&lt;/P&gt;
825
826&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;9 then attach the top flap&lt;/P&gt;
827
828&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
829</Content>
830</Section>
831<Section>
832 <Description>
833 <Metadata name="Title">Plant the food and shelter plants</Metadata>
834 </Description>
835 <Content>
836
837&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;112. You have already been told that you should clean and prepare the site and build your snail pen in time for the planting season.&lt;/P&gt;
838
839&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;113. If it has been only a short time since you dug the ground and worked the soil in your pen, you can begin to plant.&lt;/P&gt;
840
841&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;114. If it has been a long time, dig and work the soil again before you plant. However, as you were told in Item 96, do not use fertilizer, animal manure or compost.&lt;/P&gt;
842
843&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;115. Now you can begin to plant the food and shelter plants. Remember that you should use&lt;/P&gt;
844&lt;DIR&gt;
845
846&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• plants that grow well where you live&lt;/P&gt;
847&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• plants that last a long time&lt;/P&gt;
848&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• plants that snails like&lt;/P&gt;
849&lt;/DIR&gt;
850
851&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;116. The drawings, show you two ways to plant food and shelter plants in a 5 x 5 metre pen.&lt;/P&gt;
852
853&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;117. On pages 50 to 55 you will see some food and shelter plants that snails are known to like. Look at them carefully. Perhaps you can find some of them where you live.&lt;/P&gt;
854
855&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Two ways plant food and shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
856
857&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 if your shelter plants are small, plant your pen like this&lt;/P&gt;
858
859&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p84a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
860 Mark three places for small shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
861
862&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 plant the shelter plants first and then plant the food plants all around the shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
863
864&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p84b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
865 First plant the shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
866
867&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 if your shelter plants are large, plant your pen like this&lt;/P&gt;
868
869&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p84c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
870 Mark only one place for large shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
871
872&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 plant the shelter plants first and then plant the food plants all around the shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
873
874&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p84d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
875 Leave a path inside the fence&lt;/P&gt;
876
877&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;RAMPE&lt;/P&gt;
878
879&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p85a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
880 Some plants for food&lt;/P&gt;
881
882&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Rape is one of many kinds of smooth- leaved cabbage. It grows from seed and lasts a number of months. Rape is the best food plant for Helix snails (see pages 8 and 9 in this booklet). Many of the other kinds of smooth- leaved cabbage also make good food plants for snails.&lt;/P&gt;
883
884&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p85b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
885 Rape&lt;/P&gt;
886
887&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;AFRICAN SPINACH (Amaranthus)&lt;/P&gt;
888&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This green leafy vegetable is a good food plant for young Achatina and Archachatina snails. However, if you plant African spinach for your snails, they will need other kinds of food plants as well.&lt;/P&gt;
889
890&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p85c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
891 African spinach&lt;/P&gt;
892
893&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;PAPAYA&lt;/P&gt;
894&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;You have already been told that snails can be given food to eat other than the food plants that you have planted in the pen (see also Items 175 to 179 in the next booklet). The tender green leaves and cut- up fruit of the papaya tree are very good for Achatina and Archachatina snails. However, the papaya should not be planted inside the pen.&lt;/P&gt;
895
896&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p86a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
897 Papaya&lt;/P&gt;
898
899&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;HORSE- RADISH&lt;/P&gt;
900&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Horse- radish is a good food and shelter plant for young Helix snails. However, when they are older they will need other kinds of food plants as well.&lt;/P&gt;
901
902&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p86b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
903 Horse- Radish&lt;/P&gt;
904
905&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;LEAF BEET&lt;/P&gt;
906&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Leaf beet grows well from seed and lives for one year. It can be used with He/ix snails for both food and for shelter. As a food plant alone it is not the best and you will have to give your snails other food plants as well. However, as a shelter plant it is very good for Helix snails. These snails lay eggs under the beet plants and find shelter around the roots in cold weather.&lt;/P&gt;
907
908&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p86c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
909 Leaf Beet&lt;/P&gt;
910
911&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;BURDOCK&lt;/P&gt;
912&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Burdock grows from seed and lives for more than a year. It grows very slowly and you should plant it as soon as you can so that it can grow big enough for your snails. However, once it has grown it makes a good food and shelter plant for almost any kind of snail.&lt;/P&gt;
913
914&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p87a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
915 Burdock&lt;/P&gt;
916
917&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;BANANA and LOOFAH&lt;/P&gt;
918&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Banana and loofah plants together provide both food and shelter for Achatina and Archachatina snails. Ripe bananas can be cut up and fed to the snails and they can use the loofah plant for food and for shelter. However, your snails will need other food plants as well.&lt;/P&gt;
919
920&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p87b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
921 Banana and Loofah&lt;/P&gt;
922
923&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;PLANTAGO&lt;/P&gt;
924&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Plantago grows well from seed and lasts about two years. It is the best shelter plant for Helix snails.&lt;/P&gt;
925
926&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p87c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
927 Plantago&lt;/P&gt;
928
929&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;ASPARAGUS&lt;/P&gt;
930&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Asparagus lives for many years and it is a good shelter plant for young Achatina and Archachatina snails. However, it is not good for older snails because they are too heavy for asparagus plants.&lt;/P&gt;
931
932&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
933</Content>
934<Section>
935 <Description>
936 <Metadata name="Title">When are the plants big enough for food and for shelter?</Metadata>
937 </Description>
938 <Content>
939
940&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;118. The food plants must be big enough to feed your snails and the shelter plants tall enough to cover them and to protect them from the sun.&lt;/P&gt;
941
942&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;119. Depending on the kind of snails that you are raising, most plants will be big enough after they have been growing for about five to six weeks or when they have reached a height of 10 to 20 centimetres.&lt;/P&gt;
943
944&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p88a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
945 Plants will grow to a height of 10 to 20 cm.&lt;/P&gt;
946
947&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;120. When you are sure that the plants are big enough to provide food and shelter, you can begin to collect the snails and put them into the pen.&lt;/P&gt;
948
949&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;121. In Booklet No. 34, Farming snails 2, you will learn&lt;/P&gt;
950&lt;DIR&gt;
951
952&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• how to choose good snails and how to put them in the pen&lt;/P&gt;
953&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• how to take care of your snails&lt;/P&gt;
954&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• when and how to harvest snails&lt;/P&gt;
955&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• how to prepare snails for cooking&lt;/P&gt;
956&lt;/DIR&gt;
957
958&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;122. You will also be told some things that you can do to improve your snail farm so that later when you have more experience you can raise more and better snails.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;
959</Content>
960</Section>
961</Section>
962</Section>
963</Archive>
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