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17 <Metadata name="Title">Farming snails 1: Learning about snails; Building a pen; Food and shelter plants</Metadata>
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19 <Metadata name="dc.Language">English</Metadata>
20 <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Agriculture and Food Processing|Better Farming series of FAO and INADES - 46 booklets</Metadata>
21 <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Settlements, Housing, Building - Infrastructure Construction (Roads etc)|Settlements and housing: general works incl. low- cost housing, planning techniques, surveying, etc.</Metadata>
22 <Metadata name="dc.Title">Farming snails 1: Learning about snails; Building a pen; Food and shelter plants (fb33fe)</Metadata>
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110 </Description>
111 <Content>
112
113&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT FACE=&quot;Arial&quot; SIZE=2&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
114
115
116&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS&lt;/P&gt;
117&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Rome 1986&lt;/P&gt;
118
119&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;P-69&lt;/P&gt;
120&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;ISBN 92-5-102396-4&lt;/P&gt;
121
122&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;© FAO 1986&lt;/P&gt;
123
124&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
125</Content>
126<Section>
127 <Description>
128 <Metadata name="Title">Introduction</Metadata>
129 </Description>
130 <Content>
131
132&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1. Did you know that many kinds of snails are good to eat?&lt;/P&gt;
133
134&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2. Snail meat tastes good and it is also good for you. If you have snail meat to eat, it will help to keep you and your family strong and healthy.&lt;/P&gt;
135
136&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p60a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
137 Family kept strong and healthy&lt;/P&gt;
138
139&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3. If you want to have snails to eat you can get them in different ways.&lt;/P&gt;
140
141&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4. Many people gather wild snails that live nearby. Sometimes you can buy snails at the market or from people who gather them to sell to others.&lt;/P&gt;
142
143&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5. You can also raise your own snails. This is called snail farming. Today, a great many people all over the world farm snails.&lt;/P&gt;
144
145&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;6. If you farm your own snails, you will always have a supply of fresh snail meat whenever you want it.&lt;/P&gt;
146
147&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;7. Then, if your family is not too big and you grow more snails than you need to eat, you can sell what you do not use to your neighbours or at the market.&lt;/P&gt;
148
149&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p61a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
150 Selling snails at the market&lt;/P&gt;
151
152&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;8. With more food to eat and the money you get by selling snails, you and your family can live better.&lt;/P&gt;
153
154&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;9. However, if your family is big you will need to grow many more snails if you are going to have enough to eat and to sell at the market.&lt;/P&gt;
155
156&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p61b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
157 You need to grow more snails if your family is big&lt;/P&gt;
158
159&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
160</Content>
161<Section>
162 <Description>
163 <Metadata name="Title">What do you need to start?</Metadata>
164 </Description>
165 <Content>
166
167&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;You will need&lt;/P&gt;
168&lt;DIR&gt;
169
170&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• enough snails to start your snail farm&lt;/P&gt;
171&lt;/DIR&gt;
172
173&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p61c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
174 Snail&lt;/P&gt;
175&lt;DIR&gt;
176
177&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• a place near your house with the right kind of soil and the right amount of water for snails to live and grow&lt;/P&gt;
178&lt;/DIR&gt;
179
180&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p61d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
181 A place near your house&lt;/P&gt;
182&lt;DIR&gt;
183
184&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• the kinds of plants that snails need for food and shelter&lt;/P&gt;
185&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• the materials to build a pen for the snail&lt;/P&gt;
186&lt;/DIR&gt;
187
188&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p62a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
189 Plants that snails need; The materials to build a pen&lt;/P&gt;
190
191&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;10. If you have or can get all of these things, you can raise snails.&lt;/P&gt;
192
193&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
194</Content>
195</Section>
196</Section>
197<Section>
198 <Description>
199 <Metadata name="Title">Learning about snails</Metadata>
200 </Description>
201 <Content>
202
203&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;11. To farm snails is not hard; however, it is quite different from keeping chickens or ducks or from growing crops such as maize, rice, cassava or groundnuts.&lt;/P&gt;
204
205&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;12. Since farming snails is so different from other kinds of farming, you will have to learn a lot of new things.&lt;/P&gt;
206&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;13. One way to learn about snails so that you will be able to farm them is to watch the wild snails that live near you.&lt;/P&gt;
207
208&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p62b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
209 Watch the wild snails&lt;/P&gt;
210
211&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;14. Try to see how they live, how they move and where they go, what plants they like best and what they eat.&lt;/P&gt;
212
213&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;15. You can learn many things by watching wild snails that will help you later if you decide to start a snail farm.&lt;/P&gt;
214
215&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p63a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
216 Wild snail&lt;/P&gt;
217
218&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;16. Another way to learn about snails is to ask an older farmer who knows a lot about your area. If there are people near you who gather snails to sell to others, they may be able to help you.&lt;/P&gt;
219
220&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;17. In the next part of this booklet, you will begin to learn some things that you need to know to farm snails.&lt;/P&gt;
221
222&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
223</Content>
224<Section>
225 <Description>
226 <Metadata name="Title">What kind of snails can you farm?</Metadata>
227 </Description>
228 <Content>
229
230&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;18. The kind of snails that you can farm are snails that live on land, and there are many kinds of land snails that are good to eat.&lt;/P&gt;
231
232&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;19. However, some kinds of land snails are not good to eat and they may even make you very, very sick.&lt;/P&gt;
233
234&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;20. So, you must be very careful when you choose snails to farm. If you are not sure that a snail is good to eat, do not use it.&lt;/P&gt;
235
236&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p63b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
237 Do not use snail unless you are sure it is good to eat&lt;/P&gt;
238
239&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;21. Now look at the drawings on pages 8 to 11 and you will see four kinds of good snails that live in different places.&lt;/P&gt;
240
241&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;22. You may be able to find one of these kinds of snails where you live. Notice that two of them are small and two of them are large.&lt;/P&gt;
242
243&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;23. The smaller kinds of snails, shown on pages 8 and 9, can often be found in places where part of the year is warm and part of the year is cold.&lt;/P&gt;
244
245&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;24. The larger kinds of snails, shown on pages 10 and 11, can often be found in places where it is warm all year round.&lt;/P&gt;
246
247&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p64a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
248 Helix pomatia&lt;/P&gt;
249
250&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This kind of small snail&lt;/P&gt;
251&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 can be found in places where part of the year is warm and part of the year is cold&lt;/P&gt;
252&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 weighs from 15 to 25 grams and measures from 40 to 50 millimetres&lt;/P&gt;
253&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 has a strong shell which is pale brown and off- white&lt;/P&gt;
254&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 grows to full size in two to three years if it is well fed&lt;/P&gt;
255&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 lays from 30 to 50 eggs each growing season&lt;/P&gt;
256
257&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p64b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
258 Helix Pomatia - 30 to 50 small eggs&lt;/P&gt;
259
260&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p64c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
261 Helix aspersa&lt;/P&gt;
262
263&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This kind of small snail&lt;/P&gt;
264&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 can often be found in places where part of the year is warm and part of the year is cold&lt;/P&gt;
265&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 weighs from 4 to 20 grams and measures from 30 to 45 millimetres&lt;/P&gt;
266&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 has a weak shell with broken stripes which are light brown to black&lt;/P&gt;
267&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 grows to full size in one year if it is well fed&lt;/P&gt;
268&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 lays from 40 to 170 eggs one to three times each growing season&lt;/P&gt;
269
270&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p64d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
271 Helix aspersa - 40 to 170 small eggs&lt;/P&gt;
272
273&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p65a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
274 Achatina achatina&lt;/P&gt;
275
276&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This kind of large snail&lt;/P&gt;
277&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 can often be found in places where it is warm all year round&lt;/P&gt;
278&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 weighs from 150 to 200 grams or more and measures from 90 to 130 millimetres&lt;/P&gt;
279&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 has a very strong brown shell&lt;/P&gt;
280&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 grows to full size in two years if it is well fed&lt;/P&gt;
281&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 lays from 100 to 300 eggs one to two times each growing season&lt;/P&gt;
282
283&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p65b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
284 Achatina achatina - 100 to 300 small eggs&lt;/P&gt;
285
286&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p65c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
287 Archchatina marginata&lt;/P&gt;
288
289&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This kind of large snail&lt;/P&gt;
290&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 can often be found in places where it is warm all year round&lt;/P&gt;
291&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 weighs from 150 to 200 grams or more and measures from 90 to 130 millimetres&lt;/P&gt;
292&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 has a very strong brown shell&lt;/P&gt;
293&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 grows to full size in two years if it is well fed&lt;/P&gt;
294&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 lays from five to ten eggs four to eight times each growing season&lt;/P&gt;
295
296&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p65d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
297 Archchatina marginata - five to ten large eggs&lt;/P&gt;
298
299&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;25. If you cannot get one of these snails, you may be able to get others very much like them where you live.&lt;/P&gt;
300
301&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;26. There are many other kinds of good snails. There may even be several kinds of good snails that are eaten where you live.&lt;/P&gt;
302
303&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;27. If snails are eaten where you live, you can farm one of these. Then you will be sure that it is good to eat.&lt;/P&gt;
304
305&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
306</Content>
307</Section>
308<Section>
309 <Description>
310 <Metadata name="Title">Where can you get snails?</Metadata>
311 </Description>
312 <Content>
313
314&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;28. When you are ready to get snails, perhaps you can get them by gathering wild snails that live near you.&lt;/P&gt;
315
316&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p66a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
317 Gathering wild snails&lt;/P&gt;
318
319&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;29. Perhaps you can buy them from people who gather wild snails to sell to others.&lt;/P&gt;
320
321&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p66b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
322 Buying from one who gathers wild snails&lt;/P&gt;
323
324&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;30. You may even be able to buy them from another snail farmer.&lt;/P&gt;
325
326&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p66c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
327 Buying from another snail farmer&lt;/P&gt;
328
329&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
330&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Never term snails that you buy at the market. Snails at the market may have been washed, kept too cold or hurt and they may die soon.&lt;/P&gt;
331
332&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
333</Content>
334</Section>
335<Section>
336 <Description>
337 <Metadata name="Title">Where can you farm snails?</Metadata>
338 </Description>
339 <Content>
340
341&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;31. A good place for a snail farm is one where there already are snails. If there already are snails, you will know that the soil and the water in the soil are right for snails to live and grow.&lt;/P&gt;
342
343&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;32. However, if there are no snails near where you live it does not mean that you cannot raise snails there.&lt;/P&gt;
344
345&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;33. If you have the right kind of soil with the right amount of water, you can bring good snails from another place to start your snail farm.&lt;/P&gt;
346
347&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
348</Content>
349</Section>
350<Section>
351 <Description>
352 <Metadata name="Title">The soil and the water in the soil</Metadata>
353 </Description>
354 <Content>
355
356&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;34. Soil is important for snails. Part of the time they live on the soil and part of the time they live in the soil, and to live well, snails need good soil.&lt;/P&gt;
357
358&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p67a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
359 Snail on the soil; Snail in the soil&lt;/P&gt;
360
361&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;35. When snails are not on the soil or in the soil, they are on plants which grow in the soil. So, the soil must also be good for the kinds of plants that snails need.&lt;/P&gt;
362
363&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p67b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
364 Snail on plant&lt;/P&gt;
365
366&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;36. When snails are in the soil, they are resting or laying their eggs. If the soil has the right amount of water, snails will live well, the eggs they lay will hatch well and the baby snails will come out of the soil easily.&lt;/P&gt;
367
368&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;37. Snails cannot live in hard soil such as heavy clay soils. When heavy clay soil is too dry, snails cannot dig into it to rest and lay their eggs. When heavy clay is too wet, snails and the eggs they lay may die.&lt;/P&gt;
369
370&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;38. Snails cannot live in loose soil such as soils that have a lot of sand. Sandy soils do not hold enough water for snail eggs to hatch.&lt;/P&gt;
371
372&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;39. The drawings on the next page show how a snail digs a hole, lays its eggs, closes the hole and how the baby snails come out when they have hatched.&lt;/P&gt;
373
374&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;40. Snails need calcium from the soil to make their shells. All snails grow better and have stronger shells when there is a lot of calcium in the soil.&lt;/P&gt;
375
376&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;41. So, if you are going to farm snails, you must have a good medium soil that has neither too much clay nor too much sand. It must also have enough calcium and the right amount of water for your snails to live and grow.&lt;/P&gt;
377
378&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
379&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;If you have a garden, you can easily tell if your soll is good for snails. If your green leafy vegetables grow well, snails will also grow well in the same kind of soil&lt;/P&gt;
380
381&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p68a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
382 Snails will grow well in a garden&lt;/P&gt;
383
384&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 snail digging a hole&lt;/P&gt;
385
386&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p68b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
387 1 snail digging a hole&lt;/P&gt;
388
389&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 laying the eggs and closing the hole&lt;/P&gt;
390
391&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p68c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
392 Snail laying eggs&lt;/P&gt;
393
394&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 baby snails hatching and coming out of the hole&lt;/P&gt;
395
396&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p68d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
397 Baby snails hatching and coming out of the hole&lt;/P&gt;
398
399&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
400</Content>
401</Section>
402<Section>
403 <Description>
404 <Metadata name="Title">Plants for food and plants for shelter</Metadata>
405 </Description>
406 <Content>
407
408&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;42. Snails need plants for both food and sheller. Most kinds of snails use several kinds for food and several other kinds for shelter.&lt;/P&gt;
409
410&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p69a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
411 Plants for food and plants for shelter&lt;/P&gt;
412
413&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;43. They may also use different plants for food and shelter at different times of the year. Sometimes during the growing season snails eat and find shelter on the same plants.&lt;/P&gt;
414
415&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;44. Snails usually hide on shelter plants during the day when it is dry and move to food plants to eat at night or early in the morning when they are wet with dew. However, sometimes snails do eat during the day after it has rained.&lt;/P&gt;
416
417&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;45. If you live in a place which has a season when plants do not grow, snails will dig into the soil to rest and they do not eat then.&lt;/P&gt;
418
419&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;46. During the growing season snails will eat a lot and grow very fast if they have food plants that they like.&lt;/P&gt;
420
421&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;47. So, before you begin you will have to find out exactly what plants they like to eat. To do this you will have to watch snails at night when they eat.&lt;/P&gt;
422
423&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p69b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
424 See what snails eat at night&lt;/P&gt;
425
426&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;48. You can tell that snails are eating when you see their heads moving as they scrape food into their mouths. You can also tell when a snail has been eating by the holes it makes in the leaves.&lt;/P&gt;
427
428&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p69c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
429 Snail on leaf&lt;/P&gt;
430
431&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;49. You will also have to find out what plants they like for shelter. To do this you will have to watch snails during the day when they rest.&lt;/P&gt;
432
433&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p70a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
434 See where snails rest during the day&lt;/P&gt;
435
436&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;50. It is often difficult to find snails on shelter plants because they are hiding. So, you will have to look very carefully.&lt;/P&gt;
437
438&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p70b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
439 Snails are hiding on shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
440
441&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;51. In addition to the food plants, there are many other kinds of foods that you can put into a pen for your snails to eat. You will learn about these foods and when you should use them in the next booklet in this series.&lt;/P&gt;
442
443&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
444</Content>
445</Section>
446<Section>
447 <Description>
448 <Metadata name="Title">Dew and rain</Metadata>
449 </Description>
450 <Content>
451
452&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;52. Dew at night in the growing season helps the plants to grow and makes the leaves and the ground wet so that snails can move about.&lt;/P&gt;
453
454&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;53. Rain in the growing season also helps the plants to grow and it cleans the plants of dust and the dirt that snails leave when they move about. The dirt that snails leave may make them sick.&lt;/P&gt;
455
456&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;54. So, it is very important that the food and shelter plants are wet and clean.&lt;/P&gt;
457
458&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;55. When the leaves are wet, snails move easily, eat more and grow well. When the leaves are dry, snails move very little, or not at all, and they grow poorly.&lt;/P&gt;
459
460&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p70c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
461 Wet leaves are good for snails&lt;/P&gt;
462
463&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;56. When it rains and the plants are clean, the snails will be healthy. When it does not rain and the plants are dirty, the snails may get sick.&lt;/P&gt;
464
465&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;57. Dew and rain also keep the ground moist so that the snails can move easily and dig into it to rest and to lay their eggs.&lt;/P&gt;
466
467&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;58. In the next booklet, you will be told how to wet the leaves of plants and moisten the ground when it is too dry.&lt;/P&gt;
468
469&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
470</Content>
471</Section>
472<Section>
473 <Description>
474 <Metadata name="Title">Land that is wet</Metadata>
475 </Description>
476 <Content>
477
478&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;59. Land that is very wet, low land that does not drain well or land that floods in the rainy season is not good for snail farming.&lt;/P&gt;
479
480&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p71a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
481 Low, wet land is bad for snails&lt;/P&gt;
482
483&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
484</Content>
485</Section>
486<Section>
487 <Description>
488 <Metadata name="Title">Wind</Metadata>
489 </Description>
490 <Content>
491
492&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;60. Wind during the growing season is bad because it dries the dew and dries out the snails.&lt;/P&gt;
493
494&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p71b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
495 Wind is bad for snails&lt;/P&gt;
496
497&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;61. If you decide to farm snails, try to keep them in a place that is protected from the wind.&lt;/P&gt;
498
499&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p71c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
500 Snails should be farmed in a place protected from the wind&lt;/P&gt;
501
502&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
503</Content>
504</Section>
505<Section>
506 <Description>
507 <Metadata name="Title">Where do you keep snails when you farm them?</Metadata>
508 </Description>
509 <Content>
510
511&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;62. If you decide to farm snails you must keep them in a pen. Snails kept in a well- built pen will not get away easily and you can watch them and take care of them well.&lt;/P&gt;
512
513&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;63. After the first year you will need at least two pens. If you decide to farm more snails you may want even more pens. You will learn how to use two or more pens in the next booklet.&lt;/P&gt;
514
515&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p72a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
516 Two pens the second year&lt;/P&gt;
517
518&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;64. In each pen you can give your snails the right kinds of plants for them to eat and to use as shelter.&lt;/P&gt;
519
520&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;65. In each pen you can put the food and shelter plants near each other so that the snails can move easily from one to the other.&lt;/P&gt;
521
522&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;66. Each pen you build must also keep the snails safe from their enemies. Snails have many enemies. You must be careful to protect them from&lt;/P&gt;
523&lt;DIR&gt;
524
525&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• mice and rats&lt;/P&gt;
526&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• shrews and moles&lt;/P&gt;
527&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• walking insects that live on the ground such as ants and beetles&lt;/P&gt;
528&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• slugs and other snails that eat snail meat&lt;/P&gt;
529&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• birds that eat snails&lt;/P&gt;
530&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• frogs and toads&lt;/P&gt;
531&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• thieves&lt;/P&gt;
532&lt;/DIR&gt;
533
534&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p72b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
535 Protect them from
&lt;/P&gt;
536
537&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;67. A snail pen can be small or large depending on how many snails you want to raise. However, when you first begin, start with a small pen. You will need fewer materials. It will be easier to take care of.&lt;/P&gt;
538
539&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;68. In addition, with a small pen you will need fewer snails to begin. When you know more about raising snails, you can build a bigger pen and get more snails to raise.&lt;/P&gt;
540
541&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;69. A good size for a pen is 5 x 5 metres. Later in this booklet you will learn how to build a small pen of this size.&lt;/P&gt;
542
543&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
544</Content>
545</Section>
546<Section>
547 <Description>
548 <Metadata name="Title">How many snails will you need when you first begin?</Metadata>
549 </Description>
550 <Content>
551
552&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;70. If you are using small snails like those you have seen on pages 8 and 9 in this booklet, you will need more snails to begin.&lt;/P&gt;
553
554&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;71. If you are using large snails like those you have seen on pages 10 and 11 in this booklet, you will need fewer snails to begin.&lt;/P&gt;
555
556&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;72. With a pen of 5 x 5 metres (25 square metres) you will need&lt;/P&gt;
557
558&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• 150 snails if you use the small kind (6 for each square metre)&lt;/P&gt;
559&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• 25 snails if you use the large kind (1 for each square metre).&lt;/P&gt;
560
561&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p73a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
562 150 small snails; 25 large snails&lt;/P&gt;
563
564&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
565</Content>
566</Section>
567<Section>
568 <Description>
569 <Metadata name="Title">How much snail meat can you expect to get?</Metadata>
570 </Description>
571 <Content>
572
573&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;73. The amount of snail meat that you will get from small snails will be about the same as what you would get from large snails. This is because you will use many more small snails than large snails and the meat will be about equal.&lt;/P&gt;
574
575&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;74. With one 5 x 5 metre pen you will get 12 to 13 kilograms of snail meat each year and with two 5 x 5 metre pens you will get 24 to 26 kilograms each year.&lt;/P&gt;
576
577&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p73b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
578 12 to 13 kilograms each year; 24 to 26 kilograms each year&lt;/P&gt;
579
580&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
581</Content>
582</Section>
583<Section>
584 <Description>
585 <Metadata name="Title">Now you must decide</Metadata>
586 </Description>
587 <Content>
588
589&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;75. In the first part of this booklet you have learned many things about snails and farming snails. You have learned&lt;/P&gt;
590&lt;DIR&gt;
591
592&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• why it is good to farm snails&lt;/P&gt;
593&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• what you need to farm snails&lt;/P&gt;
594&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• what kinds of snails you can farm&lt;/P&gt;
595&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• how to find plants near you that are good for food and shelter&lt;/P&gt;
596&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• what kind of soil and how much water in the soil snails need&lt;/P&gt;
597&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• where to keep snails and how many you need to start&lt;/P&gt;
598&lt;/DIR&gt;
599
600&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;76. You may also have been able to learn a lot about snails by watching the wild snails near where you live.&lt;/P&gt;
601
602&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;77. An old farmer may have told you what he knows about snails. Someone who gathers snails to sell to others or another snail farmer may have helped you to learn.&lt;/P&gt;
603
604&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;78. So, now that you know a lot about snails it is time to decide if you would like to start your own snail farm.&lt;/P&gt;
605
606&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;79. If you would like to begin you will learn exactly what to do in the rest of this booklet and in the next booklet.&lt;/P&gt;
607
608&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
609</Content>
610</Section>
611</Section>
612<Section>
613 <Description>
614 <Metadata name="Title">How to begin</Metadata>
615 </Description>
616 <Content>
617
618&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
619</Content>
620<Section>
621 <Description>
622 <Metadata name="Title">Choose a place on your land to put your snail farm</Metadata>
623 </Description>
624 <Content>
625
626&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;80. Try to choose a place that is close to your house. That way you will be able to watch your snails, protect them from their enemies and take care of them easily&lt;/P&gt;
627
628&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p74a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
629 Close to your house&lt;/P&gt;
630
631&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;81. In Items 34 to 41 you were told that to farm snails you must have the right kind of soil with the right amount of water.&lt;/P&gt;
632
633&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;82. Remember, if green leafy vegetables grow well in your soil, snails will also grow well in the same kind of soil.&lt;/P&gt;
634
635&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p74b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
636 If your garden grows well, so will your snails&lt;/P&gt;
637
638&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;83. In Items 59 to 61 you were told that low, wet land and wind are bad for snails. So, avoid low, wet places and try to put your snail farm where it is protected from the wind.&lt;/P&gt;
639
640&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p75a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
641 Avoid low, wet land; Find a place protected from wind&lt;/P&gt;
642
643&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;84. In Item 63 you were told that after the first year you will need at least two pens and later you may want even more. In Item 69 you were told that it is best to start with a small pen of 5 x 5 metres.&lt;/P&gt;
644
645&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;85. So, try to find a place where you can put at least two or three 5 x 5 metre pens.&lt;/P&gt;
646
647&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p75b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
648 two or three 5 x 5 metre pens&lt;/P&gt;
649
650&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
651</Content>
652</Section>
653<Section>
654 <Description>
655 <Metadata name="Title">Clean the site and prepare the ground</Metadata>
656 </Description>
657 <Content>
658
659&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;86. Clean the site and prepare the ground a little before the growing season so that you can build the pen in time to plant the food and shelter plants.&lt;/P&gt;
660
661&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;87. First, mark out a square of 8 x 8 metres on the place that you have chosen.&lt;/P&gt;
662
663&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p75c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
664 Mark and clear the 8 x 8 metre square&lt;/P&gt;
665
666&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;88. That way, with a pen of 5 x 5 metres in the centre of the square, you will have a path of 1.5 metres all the way around it (see Item 92). If you have enough land, the path can be even wider.&lt;/P&gt;
667
668&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;89. Clear the square of trees, bushes grass, creeping grass and weeds. Take away all of the roots and the big stones that you can.&lt;/P&gt;
669
670&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p76a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
671 Take away roots and big stones&lt;/P&gt;
672
673&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;90. Spread the plant material that you have cleaned evenly on the ground and cover the whole square. If there is not enough, bring more plant material from another place.&lt;/P&gt;
674
675&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p76b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
676 Cover the square with plant materials&lt;/P&gt;
677
678&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;91. When the plant material is dry, burn it. This will kill the insects, the weed seeds and the roots of creeping grass, and rid the ground of mice, rats and shrews.&lt;/P&gt;
679
680&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p76c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
681 Burn the plant materials&lt;/P&gt;
682
683&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
684&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Insecticides and poisons can also be used to rid your pen of insects, mice, rats and other enemies of snails. However, if you use them, do not use them by yourself because they are very dangerous. Ask someone who knows how to use them, such as your extension agent.&lt;/P&gt;
685
686&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;92. Now mark out a smaller square of 5 x 5 metres inside the big square. This is for your first snail pen.&lt;/P&gt;
687
688&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p77a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
689 Mark the 5 x 5 metre square&lt;/P&gt;
690
691&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;93. Dig the ground in the smaller square to a depth of 20 centimetres and turn it over well. As you dig, remove any rubbish or roots that you find.&lt;/P&gt;
692
693&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p77b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
694 Dig in the ground&lt;/P&gt;
695
696&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;94. While you are digging, if you see any more insects or any of the enemies of snails, bring more dry plant material and burn the ground again. To farm snails, the area must be free of insects, mice, rats and other enemies.&lt;/P&gt;
697
698&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;95. When you have finished digging, the ground in the 5 x 5 metre square should be as smooth and well worked as it would be if you were planting a vegetable garden.&lt;/P&gt;
699
700&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p77c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
701 The 5 x 5 metre square should be smooth&lt;/P&gt;
702
703&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;96. However, do not use any fertilizer, animal manure or compost as you might with a vegetable garden. Fertilizers may burn the snails and animal manure or compost may bring in insects and weed seeds.&lt;/P&gt;
704
705&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
706</Content>
707</Section>
708</Section>
709<Section>
710 <Description>
711 <Metadata name="Title">Building a pen</Metadata>
712 </Description>
713 <Content>
714
715&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;97. Build a pen for your snails as soon as you can after you have burned the plant material. This is to keep other insects, mice, rats or shrews from getting into your pen.&lt;/P&gt;
716
717&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;98. A snail pen is a simple fenced- in area and you can build a fence using&lt;/P&gt;
718&lt;DIR&gt;
719
720&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• corrugated sheet metal or plastic sheets&lt;/P&gt;
721&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• woven plant material&lt;/P&gt;
722&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• woven plant material with chicken wire&lt;/P&gt;
723&lt;/DIR&gt;
724
725&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p78a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
726 Materials for fence&lt;/P&gt;
727
728&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Using corrugated sheet metal or plastic sheets&lt;/P&gt;
729
730&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;99. A fence of corrugated sheet metal or plastic sheets makes the best pen for snails because it keeps out their enemies very well. However, sheet metal or plastic costs a lot of money.&lt;/P&gt;
731
732&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p78b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
733 A fence of corrugated sheet metal&lt;/P&gt;
734
735&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;100. If you are going to build a pen using corrugated metal or plastic, you must build it in such a way that the enemies of snails cannot get in between the sheets.&lt;/P&gt;
736
737&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Using woven plant material&lt;/P&gt;
738
739&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;101. To save money, you can build a fence of woven plant material such as split bamboo. If the woven material is tight, it will keep out enough of enemies for you to farm snails.&lt;/P&gt;
740
741&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p79a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
742 Woven material&lt;/P&gt;
743
744&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Using woven plant material with chicken wire&lt;/P&gt;
745
746&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;102. If you can get fine- mesh chicken wire, you can improve a fence that is made of woven material.&lt;/P&gt;
747
748&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p79b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
749 Chicken wire&lt;/P&gt;
750
751&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;103. To do this, first make the fence of chicken wire and then cover it with woven material.&lt;/P&gt;
752
753&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p79c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
754 First use chicken wire then cover it with woven material&lt;/P&gt;
755
756&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;104. The chicken wire will keep out rats and other small animals. The woven plant material will keep most of the insects out and keep the snails in.&lt;/P&gt;
757
758&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p79d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
759 Keep out small animals&lt;/P&gt;
760
761&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
762&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;With any kind of pen animals such as rats may get in, and this is especially true with pens made only of woven plant material. So, you must always watch for rats and other animals and keep them out.&lt;/P&gt;
763
764&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;How to build the fence&lt;/P&gt;
765
766&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;105. Build the fence as you would any fence, by driving posts into the ground. Use posts 1.40 metres long. When the posts are in place they should be 1.00 metre above and 0.40 metre below the ground.&lt;/P&gt;
767
768&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p80a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
769 Drive posts into the ground&lt;/P&gt;
770
771&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;106. Whatever material you use for the fence of your pen, it should be buried 0.40 metre below the ground.&lt;/P&gt;
772
773&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;107. If you are using woven material you will have to change the bottom of the fence when it rots.&lt;/P&gt;
774
775&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;108. This can be done more easily by making the woven material in two parts, one for the top and one for the bottom. When the bottom part rots, you can change it without having to change the whole fence.&lt;/P&gt;
776
777&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p80b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
778 Attach top parts first; attach bottom parts second&lt;/P&gt;
779
780&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Keeping your snails in the pen&lt;/P&gt;
781
782&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;109. Many of your snails may crawl over the fence and get out of the pen. If you build a flap on the inside at the top of the fence, it will be more difficult for your snails to get out.&lt;/P&gt;
783
784&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;110. However, even with a flap some snails may get out, and for this reason many snail farmers put two flaps on their fence. With two flaps they find that fewer snails get out.&lt;/P&gt;
785
786&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p81a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
787 With two flaps, your snails will not easily crawl out of the pen&lt;/P&gt;
788
789&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
790&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;If you make your pen using galvanized sheet metal, you will not need flaps. Snails will not crawl on galvanized sheet metal.&lt;/P&gt;
791
792&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;111. The drawings show you how to build a 5 x 5 metre pen using woven plant material, with and without chicken wire and how to build flaps to keep your snails in.&lt;/P&gt;
793
794&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p81b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
795 How to build a 5 x 5 metre small pen&lt;/P&gt;
796
797&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 if you are using woven material only, attach it as you were told to do in Item 108&lt;/P&gt;
798
799&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p82a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
800 Attach woven material&lt;/P&gt;
801
802&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 If you are using chicken wire and woven material, attach the chicken wire first and then the woven material&lt;/P&gt;
803
804&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p82b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
805 Attach the chicken material first&lt;/P&gt;
806
807&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 be sure that the fence cover goes all the way to the bottom of the 0.40- m trench&lt;/P&gt;
808
809&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p82c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
810 0.40- m trench&lt;/P&gt;
811
812&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;6 fill in the trench&lt;/P&gt;
813
814&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p82d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
815 Fill in the trench&lt;/P&gt;
816
817&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;7 attach the flaps to the inside of the pen&lt;/P&gt;
818&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note: use woven material 0.25 m wide for the flaps&lt;/P&gt;
819
820&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;8 first attach the bottom flap using heavy cord&lt;/P&gt;
821
822&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p83a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
823 Use heavy cord&lt;/P&gt;
824
825&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;9 then attach the top flap&lt;/P&gt;
826
827&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
828</Content>
829</Section>
830<Section>
831 <Description>
832 <Metadata name="Title">Plant the food and shelter plants</Metadata>
833 </Description>
834 <Content>
835
836&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;112. You have already been told that you should clean and prepare the site and build your snail pen in time for the planting season.&lt;/P&gt;
837
838&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;113. If it has been only a short time since you dug the ground and worked the soil in your pen, you can begin to plant.&lt;/P&gt;
839
840&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;114. If it has been a long time, dig and work the soil again before you plant. However, as you were told in Item 96, do not use fertilizer, animal manure or compost.&lt;/P&gt;
841
842&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;115. Now you can begin to plant the food and shelter plants. Remember that you should use&lt;/P&gt;
843&lt;DIR&gt;
844
845&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• plants that grow well where you live&lt;/P&gt;
846&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• plants that last a long time&lt;/P&gt;
847&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• plants that snails like&lt;/P&gt;
848&lt;/DIR&gt;
849
850&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;116. The drawings, show you two ways to plant food and shelter plants in a 5 x 5 metre pen.&lt;/P&gt;
851
852&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;117. On pages 50 to 55 you will see some food and shelter plants that snails are known to like. Look at them carefully. Perhaps you can find some of them where you live.&lt;/P&gt;
853
854&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Two ways plant food and shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
855
856&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 if your shelter plants are small, plant your pen like this&lt;/P&gt;
857
858&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p84a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
859 Mark three places for small shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
860
861&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 plant the shelter plants first and then plant the food plants all around the shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
862
863&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p84b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
864 First plant the shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
865
866&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 if your shelter plants are large, plant your pen like this&lt;/P&gt;
867
868&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p84c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
869 Mark only one place for large shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
870
871&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 plant the shelter plants first and then plant the food plants all around the shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
872
873&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p84d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
874 Leave a path inside the fence&lt;/P&gt;
875
876&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;RAMPE&lt;/P&gt;
877
878&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p85a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
879 Some plants for food&lt;/P&gt;
880
881&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Rape is one of many kinds of smooth- leaved cabbage. It grows from seed and lasts a number of months. Rape is the best food plant for Helix snails (see pages 8 and 9 in this booklet). Many of the other kinds of smooth- leaved cabbage also make good food plants for snails.&lt;/P&gt;
882
883&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p85b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
884 Rape&lt;/P&gt;
885
886&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;AFRICAN SPINACH (Amaranthus)&lt;/P&gt;
887&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This green leafy vegetable is a good food plant for young Achatina and Archachatina snails. However, if you plant African spinach for your snails, they will need other kinds of food plants as well.&lt;/P&gt;
888
889&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p85c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
890 African spinach&lt;/P&gt;
891
892&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;PAPAYA&lt;/P&gt;
893&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;You have already been told that snails can be given food to eat other than the food plants that you have planted in the pen (see also Items 175 to 179 in the next booklet). The tender green leaves and cut- up fruit of the papaya tree are very good for Achatina and Archachatina snails. However, the papaya should not be planted inside the pen.&lt;/P&gt;
894
895&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p86a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
896 Papaya&lt;/P&gt;
897
898&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;HORSE- RADISH&lt;/P&gt;
899&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Horse- radish is a good food and shelter plant for young Helix snails. However, when they are older they will need other kinds of food plants as well.&lt;/P&gt;
900
901&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p86b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
902 Horse- Radish&lt;/P&gt;
903
904&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;LEAF BEET&lt;/P&gt;
905&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Leaf beet grows well from seed and lives for one year. It can be used with He/ix snails for both food and for shelter. As a food plant alone it is not the best and you will have to give your snails other food plants as well. However, as a shelter plant it is very good for Helix snails. These snails lay eggs under the beet plants and find shelter around the roots in cold weather.&lt;/P&gt;
906
907&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p86c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
908 Leaf Beet&lt;/P&gt;
909
910&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;BURDOCK&lt;/P&gt;
911&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Burdock grows from seed and lives for more than a year. It grows very slowly and you should plant it as soon as you can so that it can grow big enough for your snails. However, once it has grown it makes a good food and shelter plant for almost any kind of snail.&lt;/P&gt;
912
913&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p87a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
914 Burdock&lt;/P&gt;
915
916&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;BANANA and LOOFAH&lt;/P&gt;
917&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Banana and loofah plants together provide both food and shelter for Achatina and Archachatina snails. Ripe bananas can be cut up and fed to the snails and they can use the loofah plant for food and for shelter. However, your snails will need other food plants as well.&lt;/P&gt;
918
919&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p87b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
920 Banana and Loofah&lt;/P&gt;
921
922&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;PLANTAGO&lt;/P&gt;
923&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Plantago grows well from seed and lasts about two years. It is the best shelter plant for Helix snails.&lt;/P&gt;
924
925&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p87c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
926 Plantago&lt;/P&gt;
927
928&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;ASPARAGUS&lt;/P&gt;
929&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Asparagus lives for many years and it is a good shelter plant for young Achatina and Archachatina snails. However, it is not good for older snails because they are too heavy for asparagus plants.&lt;/P&gt;
930
931&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
932</Content>
933<Section>
934 <Description>
935 <Metadata name="Title">When are the plants big enough for food and for shelter?</Metadata>
936 </Description>
937 <Content>
938
939&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;118. The food plants must be big enough to feed your snails and the shelter plants tall enough to cover them and to protect them from the sun.&lt;/P&gt;
940
941&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;119. Depending on the kind of snails that you are raising, most plants will be big enough after they have been growing for about five to six weeks or when they have reached a height of 10 to 20 centimetres.&lt;/P&gt;
942
943&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p88a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
944 Plants will grow to a height of 10 to 20 cm.&lt;/P&gt;
945
946&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;120. When you are sure that the plants are big enough to provide food and shelter, you can begin to collect the snails and put them into the pen.&lt;/P&gt;
947
948&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;121. In Booklet No. 34, Farming snails 2, you will learn&lt;/P&gt;
949&lt;DIR&gt;
950
951&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• how to choose good snails and how to put them in the pen&lt;/P&gt;
952&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• how to take care of your snails&lt;/P&gt;
953&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• when and how to harvest snails&lt;/P&gt;
954&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• how to prepare snails for cooking&lt;/P&gt;
955&lt;/DIR&gt;
956
957&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;122. You will also be told some things that you can do to improve your snail farm so that later when you have more experience you can raise more and better snails.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;
958</Content>
959</Section>
960</Section>
961</Section>
962</Archive>
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