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    <Metadata name="Title">Primary Sources: The fall of Anne Boleyn, 1536</Metadata>
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&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/boleynex.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Primary Sources: 1536: The execution of Anne Boleyn&quot; width=&quot;372&quot; height=&quot;167&quot;&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/boleyn-sketch1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;sketch of Anne Boleyn by Hans Holbein the Younger&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; width=&quot;175&quot; height=&quot;157&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;This 
    account of Anne Boleyn's fall from royal favor was written by the Spanish 
    ambassador Eustace Chapuys,

in a letter to Emperor Charles V.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;p&gt;
    &lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Chapuys despised Anne; she returned the feeling.&amp;nbsp; He 
    was the chief adviser and confidante of Henry VIII's first wife, Katharine 
    of Aragon.&amp;nbsp; He did not recognize the king's marriage to Anne and 
    referred to her as 'the concubine' and 'the whore' in his official 
    dispatches.&amp;nbsp; Like many, Chapuys blamed Anne for the king's poor 
    treatment of Katharine and their daughter, Princess Mary.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;p&gt;
    &lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Chapuys had confidently predicted Anne's fall for several 
    years.&amp;nbsp; When it actually happened, he was quite surprised.&amp;nbsp; He had 
    not recognized the depth of Henry's feelings for the woman who would become 
    his third wife, Jane Seymour.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;p&gt;
    &lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Despite Chapuys's dislike of Anne, his account gives little 
    credit to the king.&amp;nbsp; He clearly considered Henry's behavior to be 
    inappropriate; it was also unpopular.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;
The joy shown by the people every day, not only at the ruin of the concubine
but at the hope of princess Mary's restoration is inconceivable, but as
yet the king shows no great disposition towards the latter; indeed he has
twice shown himself obstinate when spoken to on the subject by his council.&amp;nbsp;
I hear that, even before the arrest of the concubine, the king, speaking
with Mistress Jane Seymour of their future marriage, the latter suggested
that the princess should be replaced in her former position; and the king
told her she was a fool, and ought to solicit the advancement of the children
they would have between them, and not any others.&amp;nbsp; She replied that
in asking for the restoration of the princess she was seeking the rest
and tranquility of the king, herself, her future children, and the whole
realm; for, without that neither your majesty nor this people would ever
be content.
&lt;p&gt;I will endeavor by all means to make her continue in this vein; I hope
also to go and speak with the king within three days, and with members
of the council in general.&amp;nbsp; I think the concubine's little bastard
Elizabeth will be excluded from the succession, and that the king will
get himself requested by parliament to marry.&amp;nbsp; To cover the affection
he has for the said Seymour he has lodged her seven miles away in the house
of a grand esquire, and says publicly that he has no desire in the world
to marry again, unless he is constrained by his subjects to do so.&amp;nbsp;
Several have already told me and sent to say that, if it cost them their
lives, when parliament meets they will urge the cause of the princess to
the utmost.
&lt;p&gt;The very evening the concubine was brought to the Tower of London, when
the duke of Richmond went to say goodnight to his father, and ask his blessing
after the English custom, the king began to weep, saying that he and his
sister, meaning the princess, were greatly bound to God for having escaped
the hands of that accursed whore, who had determined to poison them; from
which it is clear that the king knew something about it.
&lt;p&gt;Master Norris, the king's chief butler, Master Weston who used to lie
with the king, Master Brereton gentleman of the chamber, and the groom
of whom I wrote to your majesty by my man, were all condemned as traitors.&amp;nbsp;
Only the groom confessed that he had been three times with the said whore
and concubine.&amp;nbsp; The others were condemned upon presumption and certain
indications, without valid proof or confession.
&lt;p&gt;The concubine and her brother were condemned for treason by all the
principal lords of England, and the duke of Norfolk pronounced sentence.&amp;nbsp;
I am told the earl of Wiltshire was quite as ready to assist at the judgement
as he had done at the condemnation of the other four.&amp;nbsp; Neither the
whore nor her brother was brought to Westminster like the other criminals.&amp;nbsp;
They were condemned within the Tower of London, but the thing was not done
secretly, for there were more than 2,000 persons present.&amp;nbsp; What she
was principally charged with was having cohabited with her brother and
other accomplices; that there was a promise between her and Norris to marry
after the king's death, which it thus appeared they hoped for; and that
she had received and given to Norris certain medals, which might be interpreted
to mean that she had poisoned the late queen, and intrigued to do the same
to the princess.&amp;nbsp; These things she totally denied and gave to each
a plausible answer.&amp;nbsp; Yet she confessed she had given money to Weston,
as she had often done to other young gentlemen.&amp;nbsp; She was also charged,
and her brother likewise, with having laughed at the king and his dress,
and that she showed in various ways she did not love the king, but was
tired of him.&amp;nbsp; Her brother was charged with having cohabited with
her by presumption, because he had once been found a long time with her,
and with certain other little follies.&amp;nbsp; To all he replied so well
that several of those present wagered 10 to 1 that he would be acquitted,
especially as no witnesses were produced against either him or her, as
it is usual to do, particularly when the accused denies the charge.
&lt;p&gt;I must not omit that among other things charged against him as a crime
was, that his sister had told his wife that the king was impotent.&amp;nbsp;
This he was not openly charged with, but it was shown him in writing, with
a warning not to repeat it.&amp;nbsp; But he immediately declared the matter,
in great contempt of Cromwell and some others, saying he would not in this
point arouse any suspicion which might prejudice the king's issue.&amp;nbsp;
He was also charged with having spread reports which called in question
whether his sister's daughter was the king's child.&amp;nbsp; To which he made
no reply.&amp;nbsp; They were judged separately and did not see each other.&amp;nbsp;
The concubine was condemned first, and having heard the sentence, which
was to be burnt or beheaded at the king's pleasure, she preserved her composure,
saying that she held herself ready to greet death and that what she regretted
most was that the above persons, who were innocent and loyal to the king,
were to die for her.&amp;nbsp; She only asked a short time for confession.&amp;nbsp;
Her brother, after his condemnation, said that since he must die, he would
no longer maintain his innocence, but confessed that he had deserved death.&amp;nbsp;
He only begged the king that his debts, which he recounted, might be paid
out of his goods.
&lt;p&gt;Although everybody rejoices at the execution of the whore there are
some who murmur at the mode of procedure against her and the others, and
people speak variously of the king; and it will not pacify the world when
it is known what has passed and is passing between him and Jane Seymour.&amp;nbsp;
Already it sounds ill in the ears of the people, that the king, having
received such ignominy, has shown himself more glad than ever since the
arrest of the whore; for he has been going about banqueting with ladies,
sometimes remaining after midnight, and returning by the river.&amp;nbsp; Most
of the time he was accompanied by various musical instruments, and, on
the other hand, by the singers of his chamber, which many interpret as
showing his delight at getting rid of a thin, old and wicked fool with
hope of change, which is a thing especially agreeable to this king.&amp;nbsp;
He supped lately with several ladies in the house of the bishop of Carlisle,
and showed an extravagant joy, as the said bishop came to tell me next
morning, who reported moreover that the king had said to him, among other
things, that he had long expected the issue of these affairs, and that
thereupon he had before composed a tragedy, which he carried with him;
and so saying the king drew from his bosom a little book written in his
own hand, but the bishop did not read the contents.&amp;nbsp; It may have been
certain ballads that the king had composed, at which the whore and her
brother laughed as foolish things, which was objected to them as a great
crime.
&lt;p&gt;Three days after the concubine's imprisonment the princess was removed,
and was honourably accompanied both by the servants of the little bastard
and by several gentlemen who came of their own accord.&amp;nbsp; Many of her
old servants and maids at this news went to her, and although her governess
allowed them to remain, she was warned by me not to accept or retain anyone
but those given her by the king her father.&amp;nbsp; What I most fear as regards
her is, that when the king is asked by parliament to restore her to her
rights, he will refuse his consent unless the princess first swears to
the statutes invalidating the first marriage and the pope's authority.&amp;nbsp;
To this, I think, she will not easily yield, although I should advise her
to acquiesce in everything as far as she can without prejudice to her conscience.&lt;blockquote&gt;
      &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
    &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fboleyn.html&quot;&gt;
    &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to the Anne 
    Boleyn website&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fprimary.html&quot;&gt;
    &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to Primary Sources&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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