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8 | <title>Primary Sources: The coronations of King Henry VIII and Katharine of
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9 | Aragon, 1509</title>
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21 | <p align="center"> <br>
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22 | <p align="center">
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23 | <img border="0" src="h8crown.gif" alt="Primary Sources: 1509: The coronations of King Henry VIII and Katharine of Aragon" width="480" height="114"><p align="center"> </td>
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24 | </tr>
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25 | <tr>
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26 | <td></td>
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27 | <td></td>
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28 | <td></td>
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29 | </tr>
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30 | <tr>
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31 | <td valign="top" width="48%" bgcolor="#FFFFE8"><font size="2">The account
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32 | at right was written by the Tudor chronicler Edward Hall.</font><p>
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33 | <font size="2">Henry VIII was born on 28 June 1491, the second son of King
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34 | Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. He was originally destined to be
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35 | archbishop of Canterbury, but his older brother, Prince Arthur, died in
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36 | 1502, shortly after marrying the Spanish princess Katharine of Aragon.
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37 | And so Henry became king of England at the age of 18.</font></p>
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38 | <p><font size="2">Henry married his brother's widow mere weeks after his
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39 | father died. He claimed it had been Henry VII's dying wish, but this
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40 | is doubtful. Katharine's plight appealed to Henry's chivalric
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41 | streak; he respected and admired her. They were married for over
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42 | twenty years and, for a long while, were happy together. But the
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43 | lack of a male heir and increasingly different lifestyles led to an
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44 | emotional separation; not surprisingly, Henry became infatuated with
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45 | another, much younger woman.</font></p>
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46 | <p><font size="2">Henry and Katharine were married on 11 June 1509 and
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47 | crowned together at Westminster Abbey on the 24th. Over the next
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48 | nine years, Katharine bore six children, only one of whom survived.
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49 | Her marriage to Henry was annulled against her will in 1533 and she died
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50 | three years later.</font></p>
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51 | <p> </p>
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52 | <p> </td>
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53 | <td width="4%"></td>
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54 | <td valign="top" width="48%">
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55 | <p>The following day being a Sunday, and also Midsummer's Day, the noble
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56 | prince with his queen left the palace for Westminster Abbey at the appointed
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57 | hour. The barons of the Cinq Ports held canopies over the royal couple
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58 | who trod on striped cloth of ray, which was immediately cut up by the crowd
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59 | when they had entered the abbey. Inside, according to sacred tradition
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60 | and ancient custom, his grace and the queen were anointed and crowned by the
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61 | archbishop of Canterbury in the presence of other prelates of the realm and
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62 | the nobility and a large number of civic dignitaries. The people were
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63 | asked if they would take this most noble prince as their king and obey him.
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64 | With great reverence, love and willingness they responded with the cry 'Yea,
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65 | Yea'. </p>
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66 | <p>When the ceremony was finished, the lords spiritual and temporal paid homage
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67 | to the king and, with the queen's permission, returned to Westminster Hall -
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68 | each one beneath his canopy - where the lord marshal bearing his staff of office
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69 | ushered all to their seats. Each noble and lord proceeded to his allotted
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70 | place arranged earlier according to seniority. The nine-piece table being
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71 | set with the king's estate seated on the right and the queen's estate on the
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72 | left, the first course of the banquet was announced with a fanfare. At the
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73 | sound the duke of Buckingham entered riding a huge charger covered with richly
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74 | embroidered trappings, together with the lord steward mounted on a horse decked
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75 | with cloth of gold. The two of them led in the banquet which was truly
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76 | sumptuous, and as well as a great number of delicacies also included unusual
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77 | heraldic devices and mottoes.
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78 | <p>How can I describe the abundance of fine and delicate fare prepared for this
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79 | magnificent and lordly feast, produced both abroad and in the many and various
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80 | parts of this realm to which God has granted his bounty. Or indeed the
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81 | exemplary execution of the service of the meal itself, the clean handling and
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82 | distribution of the food and the efficient ordering of the courses, such that no
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83 | person of any estate lacked for anything.
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84 | <p>.....
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85 | <p>The following day the aforementioned defending team, lady Pallas's scholars,
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86 | presented themselves before the king ready for the tourney. All on
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87 | horseback and armed from head to foot they each had one side of their
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88 | armor-skirts and horse-trappings made of white velvet embroidered with gold
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89 | roses and other devices, and the other made of green velvet embroidered with
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90 | gold pomegranates. On their headpieces each wore a plume of gold damask.
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91 | <p>At the same time the other side rode in, the aforementioned eight knights
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92 | fully armed and dressed, like their mounts, in green satin embroidered with fine
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93 | golden bramble branches. Following them, blowing horns, came a number of
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94 | men dressed as foresters or gamekeepers in green cloth, with caps and hose to
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95 | match, who arranged a set like a park with white and green fencing around it.
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96 | Inside this paddock were fallow deer and artificial trees, bushes, ferns, and so
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97 | forth. Once set up before the queen the paddock gates were unlocked and
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98 | the deer ran out into the palace grounds. Greyhounds were then let loose
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99 | which killed the deer, the bodies of which were then presented to the queen and
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100 | the assembled ladies by the above-mentioned knights.
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101 | <p>Crocheman, who had brought in the golden lance the previous day, then
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102 | declared that his knights were the servants of the goddess Diana and whilst they
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103 | had been indulging in their pastime of hunting had received news that lady
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104 | Pallas's knights had come into these parts to perform feats of arms.
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105 | Thereupon they had left off the chase and come hither to encounter these nights
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106 | and to fight with them for the love of the ladies.
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107 | <p>He added that if lady Pallas's knights vanquished them or forced them to
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108 | leave the field of battle then they would receive the deer that had been killed
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109 | and the greyhounds that slew them. But if Diana's knights overpowers their
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110 | opponents they were to be given the swords of those knights and nothing more.
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111 | <p>Hearing this, the queen and her ladies asked the king for his advice on the
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112 | matter. The king, thinking that perhaps there was some grudge between the
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113 | two parties and believing that to grant the request might lead to some
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114 | unpleasantness, decided not to consent to these terms. Instead, to defuse
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115 | the situation, it was decided that both parties should fight the tourney but
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116 | that only a limited number of strokes would be permitted.
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117 | <p>This was done and the two sides then left the field. The jousts then
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118 | came to an end and the prizes were awarded to each man according to his deserts.
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119 | <br> <p align="center">
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120 | <font size=-1><a href="primary.html">to
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121 | Primary Sources</a></font></td>
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