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3 more GS3 model-collections, two of which are intermediate stages of tutorials

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
2<!DOCTYPE Archive SYSTEM "http://greenstone.org/dtd/Archive/1.0/Archive.dtd">
3<Archive>
4<Section>
5 <Description>
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14 <Metadata name="Title">Contemporary Descriptions of Anne Boleyn</Metadata>
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16 <Metadata name="URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/annedesc.html</Metadata>
17 <Metadata name="UTF8URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/annedesc.html</Metadata>
18 <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Tudor period|Others</Metadata>
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20 <Metadata name="lastmodified">1374130949</Metadata>
21 <Metadata name="lastmodifieddate">20130718</Metadata>
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27 </Description>
28 <Content>
29
30&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
31 &lt;center&gt;
32 &lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;4&quot; width=&quot;94%&quot;&gt;
33 &lt;tr&gt;
34 &lt;td valign=&quot;bottom&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot;&gt;
35 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
36 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
37 &lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/annedesc.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Contemporary Descriptions of Anne Boleyn&quot; width=&quot;374&quot; height=&quot;171&quot;&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;
38 &lt;/tr&gt;
39 &lt;tr&gt;
40 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
41 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
42 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
43 &lt;/tr&gt;
44 &lt;tr&gt;
45 &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFE8&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;
46 &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;
47 &lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/anne2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;portrait of Anne Boleyn&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; width=&quot;139&quot; height=&quot;194&quot;&gt;Contemporary descriptions of
48 Henry VIII's infamous second wife vary widely.&amp;nbsp; Even her
49 admirers and supporters found it difficult to praise her physical
50 appearance.&amp;nbsp; She was striking but not beautiful; her sister Mary was
51 considered the beauty of the Boleyn family.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;There were occasional comments from hostile sources
52that Anne had the attributes of a witch - a large mole on her neck, possibly
53an extra finger.&amp;nbsp; The latter is probably true.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;When reading the following comments,
54 remember
55that most observers at Henry's court were not friendly with Anne.&amp;nbsp;
56Naturally, their descriptions of her were colored by their dislike. &lt;/font&gt;
57
58&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Also, contemporary views about her lifestyle were
59influenced by one overriding fact: most people believed she was the sole
60force behind the Henrician reformation.&amp;nbsp; Katharine of Aragon was popular
61and respected.&amp;nbsp; Cast as the interloper, Anne was suitably despised.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
62 &lt;td width=&quot;4%&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
63 &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot;&gt;
64 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#990000&quot;&gt;In the early 1530s, the Venetian ambassador
65 Savorgnano wrote:&lt;/font&gt;
66&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Anne was 'a young woman of noble birth, though many say of bad character,
67whose will is law to him, and he is expected to marry her should the divorce
68take place, which it is supposed will not be effected, as the peers of
69the realm.... and the people are opposed to it.'
70&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
71
72&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#990000&quot;&gt;The Abbot of Whitby describes the
73political situation in 1530:&lt;/font&gt;
74&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;'The King's Grace is ruled by one common stewed whore, Anne Boleyn,
75who makes all the spirituality to be beggared, and the temporality also.'
76&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;
77&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#990000&quot;&gt;Henry VIII ordered Katharine of
78Aragon to relinquish certain jewels (property of the crown) to Anne Boleyn;
79Katharine replied:&lt;/font&gt;
80&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;'I will not give them up to a person who is the scandal of Christendom
81and a disgrace to you.'
82&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;
83&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#990000&quot;&gt;In 1532, a new Venetian ambassador described Anne
84thusly:&lt;/font&gt;
85&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;'not one of the handsomest women in the world.&amp;nbsp; She is of middling
86stature, with a swarthy complexion, long neck, wide mouth, bosom not much
87raised, and in fact has nothing but the King's great appetite, and her
88eyes, which are black and beautiful - and take great effect on those who
89served the Queen when she was on the throne.&amp;nbsp; She lives like a queen,
90and the King accompanies her to Mass - and everywhere.'
91&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;
92&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#990000&quot;&gt;And the French ambassador contradicts Anne's
93enemies; he reports that she is controlled by the king:&lt;/font&gt;
94&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;'....all that the Lady does is by the king's order.'
95&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;
96&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#990000&quot;&gt;The Imperial ambassador, Eustace Chapuys, described circumstances in early 1533 to his master, Charles V:&lt;/font&gt;
97&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;'Your Majesty must root out the Lady and her adherents.... This accursed
98Anne has her foot in the stirrup, and will do the Queen and the Princess
99all the harm she can.&amp;nbsp; She has boasted that she will make the Princess
100her lady-in-waiting, or marry her to some varlet.'
101&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;
102&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#990000&quot;&gt;Chapuys describes Anne's attendance
103at Mass on 14 April 1533:&lt;/font&gt;
104&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;'It looks like a dream, and even those who take her part know not whether
105to laugh or to cry.'
106&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;
107&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#990000&quot;&gt;Henry and Anne's conversation at
108her coronation procession was reported by Chapuys:&lt;/font&gt;
109&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;'How liked you the look of the City?' Henry asked.
110&lt;br&gt;Anne replied, 'Sir, I liked the City well enough - but I saw a great
111many caps on heads, and heard but few tongues.'
112&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;
113&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#990000&quot;&gt;Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury,
114was Anne's friend and champion.&amp;nbsp; When news reached him of her arrest,
115he bravely wrote to Henry VIII protesting - only to think better of offending
116Henry.&amp;nbsp; Cranmer added a suitably apologetic postscript to the letter.&amp;nbsp;
117Here are excerpts in which he describes Anne:&lt;/font&gt;
118&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;'If it be true that is openly reported of the Queen's Grace... I am
119in such perplexity that my mind is clean amazed; for I never had better
120opinion in woman than I had in her; which maketh me to think that she should
121not be culpable...&amp;nbsp; Next to Your Grace, I was most bound to her of
122all creatures living... I wish and pray for her that she may declare herself
123inculpable and innocent... I loved her not a little for the love which
124I judged her to bear towards God and His Gospel.'
125
126 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
127 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
128 &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fboleyn.html&quot;&gt;
129 &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to the Anne
130 Boleyn website&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
131 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fprimary.html&quot;&gt;
132 &lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;to Primary Sources&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
133 &lt;/tr&gt;
134 &lt;/table&gt;
135 &lt;/center&gt;
136&lt;/div&gt;
137
138
139
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142</Content>
143</Section>
144</Archive>
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