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17 <Metadata name="Title">Farming snails 1: Learning about snails; Building a pen; Food and shelter plants</Metadata>
18 <Metadata name="hascover">1</Metadata>
19 <Metadata name="dc.Language">English</Metadata>
20 <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Agriculture and Food Processing|Better Farming series of FAO and INADES - 46 booklets</Metadata>
21 <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Settlements, Housing, Building - Infrastructure Construction (Roads etc)|Settlements and housing: general works incl. low- cost housing, planning techniques, surveying, etc.</Metadata>
22 <Metadata name="dc.Title">Farming snails 1: Learning about snails; Building a pen; Food and shelter plants (fb33fe)</Metadata>
23 <Metadata name="dls.Organization">FAO Better Farming series</Metadata>
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110 </Description>
111 <Content>
112
113&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT FACE=&quot;Arial&quot; SIZE=2&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
114
115
116&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS&lt;/P&gt;
117&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Rome 1986&lt;/P&gt;
118
119&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;P-69&lt;/P&gt;
120&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;ISBN 92-5-102396-4&lt;/P&gt;
121
122&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;© FAO 1986&lt;/P&gt;
123
124&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
125</Content>
126<Section>
127 <Description>
128 <Metadata name="Title">Introduction</Metadata>
129 </Description>
130 <Content>
131
132</Content>
133<Section>
134 <Description>
135 <Metadata name="Title">Snails are good to eat.</Metadata>
136 </Description>
137 <Content>
138&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1. Did you know that many kinds of snails are good to eat?&lt;/P&gt;
139
140&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2. Snail meat tastes good and it is also good for you. If you have snail meat to eat, it will help to keep you and your family strong and healthy.&lt;/P&gt;
141
142&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p60a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
143 Family kept strong and healthy&lt;/P&gt;
144
145&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3. If you want to have snails to eat you can get them in different ways.&lt;/P&gt;
146
147&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4. Many people gather wild snails that live nearby. Sometimes you can buy snails at the market or from people who gather them to sell to others.&lt;/P&gt;
148
149&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5. You can also raise your own snails. This is called snail farming. Today, a great many people all over the world farm snails.&lt;/P&gt;
150
151&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;6. If you farm your own snails, you will always have a supply of fresh snail meat whenever you want it.&lt;/P&gt;
152
153&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;7. Then, if your family is not too big and you grow more snails than you need to eat, you can sell what you do not use to your neighbours or at the market.&lt;/P&gt;
154
155&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p61a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
156 Selling snails at the market&lt;/P&gt;
157
158&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;8. With more food to eat and the money you get by selling snails, you and your family can live better.&lt;/P&gt;
159
160&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;9. However, if your family is big you will need to grow many more snails if you are going to have enough to eat and to sell at the market.&lt;/P&gt;
161
162&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p61b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
163 You need to grow more snails if your family is big&lt;/P&gt;
164
165&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
166</Content>
167</Section>
168<Section>
169 <Description>
170 <Metadata name="Title">What do you need to start?</Metadata>
171 </Description>
172 <Content>
173
174&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;You will need&lt;/P&gt;
175&lt;DIR&gt;
176
177&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• enough snails to start your snail farm&lt;/P&gt;
178&lt;/DIR&gt;
179
180&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p61c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
181 Snail&lt;/P&gt;
182&lt;DIR&gt;
183
184&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• a place near your house with the right kind of soil and the right amount of water for snails to live and grow&lt;/P&gt;
185&lt;/DIR&gt;
186
187&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p61d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
188 A place near your house&lt;/P&gt;
189&lt;DIR&gt;
190
191&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• the kinds of plants that snails need for food and shelter&lt;/P&gt;
192&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• the materials to build a pen for the snail&lt;/P&gt;
193&lt;/DIR&gt;
194
195&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p62a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
196 Plants that snails need; The materials to build a pen&lt;/P&gt;
197
198&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;10. If you have or can get all of these things, you can raise snails.&lt;/P&gt;
199
200&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
201</Content>
202</Section>
203</Section>
204<Section>
205 <Description>
206 <Metadata name="Title">Learning about snails</Metadata>
207 </Description>
208 <Content>
209
210&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;11. To farm snails is not hard; however, it is quite different from keeping chickens or ducks or from growing crops such as maize, rice, cassava or groundnuts.&lt;/P&gt;
211
212&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;12. Since farming snails is so different from other kinds of farming, you will have to learn a lot of new things.&lt;/P&gt;
213&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;13. One way to learn about snails so that you will be able to farm them is to watch the wild snails that live near you.&lt;/P&gt;
214
215&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p62b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
216 Watch the wild snails&lt;/P&gt;
217
218&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;14. Try to see how they live, how they move and where they go, what plants they like best and what they eat.&lt;/P&gt;
219
220&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;15. You can learn many things by watching wild snails that will help you later if you decide to start a snail farm.&lt;/P&gt;
221
222&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p63a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
223 Wild snail&lt;/P&gt;
224
225&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;16. Another way to learn about snails is to ask an older farmer who knows a lot about your area. If there are people near you who gather snails to sell to others, they may be able to help you.&lt;/P&gt;
226
227&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;17. In the next part of this booklet, you will begin to learn some things that you need to know to farm snails.&lt;/P&gt;
228
229&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
230</Content>
231<Section>
232 <Description>
233 <Metadata name="Title">What kind of snails can you farm?</Metadata>
234 </Description>
235 <Content>
236
237&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;18. The kind of snails that you can farm are snails that live on land, and there are many kinds of land snails that are good to eat.&lt;/P&gt;
238
239&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;19. However, some kinds of land snails are not good to eat and they may even make you very, very sick.&lt;/P&gt;
240
241&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;20. So, you must be very careful when you choose snails to farm. If you are not sure that a snail is good to eat, do not use it.&lt;/P&gt;
242
243&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p63b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
244 Do not use snail unless you are sure it is good to eat&lt;/P&gt;
245
246&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;21. Now look at the drawings on pages 8 to 11 and you will see four kinds of good snails that live in different places.&lt;/P&gt;
247
248&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;22. You may be able to find one of these kinds of snails where you live. Notice that two of them are small and two of them are large.&lt;/P&gt;
249
250&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;23. The smaller kinds of snails, shown on pages 8 and 9, can often be found in places where part of the year is warm and part of the year is cold.&lt;/P&gt;
251
252&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;24. The larger kinds of snails, shown on pages 10 and 11, can often be found in places where it is warm all year round.&lt;/P&gt;
253
254&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p64a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
255 Helix pomatia&lt;/P&gt;
256
257&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This kind of small snail&lt;/P&gt;
258&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 can be found in places where part of the year is warm and part of the year is cold&lt;/P&gt;
259&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 weighs from 15 to 25 grams and measures from 40 to 50 millimetres&lt;/P&gt;
260&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 has a strong shell which is pale brown and off- white&lt;/P&gt;
261&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 grows to full size in two to three years if it is well fed&lt;/P&gt;
262&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 lays from 30 to 50 eggs each growing season&lt;/P&gt;
263
264&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p64b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
265 Helix Pomatia - 30 to 50 small eggs&lt;/P&gt;
266
267&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p64c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
268 Helix aspersa&lt;/P&gt;
269
270&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This kind of small snail&lt;/P&gt;
271&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 can often be found in places where part of the year is warm and part of the year is cold&lt;/P&gt;
272&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 weighs from 4 to 20 grams and measures from 30 to 45 millimetres&lt;/P&gt;
273&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 has a weak shell with broken stripes which are light brown to black&lt;/P&gt;
274&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 grows to full size in one year if it is well fed&lt;/P&gt;
275&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 lays from 40 to 170 eggs one to three times each growing season&lt;/P&gt;
276
277&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p64d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
278 Helix aspersa - 40 to 170 small eggs&lt;/P&gt;
279
280&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p65a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
281 Achatina achatina&lt;/P&gt;
282
283&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This kind of large snail&lt;/P&gt;
284&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 can often be found in places where it is warm all year round&lt;/P&gt;
285&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 weighs from 150 to 200 grams or more and measures from 90 to 130 millimetres&lt;/P&gt;
286&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 has a very strong brown shell&lt;/P&gt;
287&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 grows to full size in two years if it is well fed&lt;/P&gt;
288&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 lays from 100 to 300 eggs one to two times each growing season&lt;/P&gt;
289
290&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p65b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
291 Achatina achatina - 100 to 300 small eggs&lt;/P&gt;
292
293&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p65c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
294 Archchatina marginata&lt;/P&gt;
295
296&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This kind of large snail&lt;/P&gt;
297&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 can often be found in places where it is warm all year round&lt;/P&gt;
298&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 weighs from 150 to 200 grams or more and measures from 90 to 130 millimetres&lt;/P&gt;
299&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 has a very strong brown shell&lt;/P&gt;
300&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 grows to full size in two years if it is well fed&lt;/P&gt;
301&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 lays from five to ten eggs four to eight times each growing season&lt;/P&gt;
302
303&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p65d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
304 Archchatina marginata - five to ten large eggs&lt;/P&gt;
305
306&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;25. If you cannot get one of these snails, you may be able to get others very much like them where you live.&lt;/P&gt;
307
308&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;26. There are many other kinds of good snails. There may even be several kinds of good snails that are eaten where you live.&lt;/P&gt;
309
310&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;27. If snails are eaten where you live, you can farm one of these. Then you will be sure that it is good to eat.&lt;/P&gt;
311
312&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
313</Content>
314</Section>
315<Section>
316 <Description>
317 <Metadata name="Title">Where can you get snails?</Metadata>
318 </Description>
319 <Content>
320
321&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;28. When you are ready to get snails, perhaps you can get them by gathering wild snails that live near you.&lt;/P&gt;
322
323&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p66a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
324 Gathering wild snails&lt;/P&gt;
325
326&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;29. Perhaps you can buy them from people who gather wild snails to sell to others.&lt;/P&gt;
327
328&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p66b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
329 Buying from one who gathers wild snails&lt;/P&gt;
330
331&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;30. You may even be able to buy them from another snail farmer.&lt;/P&gt;
332
333&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p66c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
334 Buying from another snail farmer&lt;/P&gt;
335
336&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
337&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Never term snails that you buy at the market. Snails at the market may have been washed, kept too cold or hurt and they may die soon.&lt;/P&gt;
338
339&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
340</Content>
341</Section>
342<Section>
343 <Description>
344 <Metadata name="Title">Where can you farm snails?</Metadata>
345 </Description>
346 <Content>
347
348&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;31. A good place for a snail farm is one where there already are snails. If there already are snails, you will know that the soil and the water in the soil are right for snails to live and grow.&lt;/P&gt;
349
350&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;32. However, if there are no snails near where you live it does not mean that you cannot raise snails there.&lt;/P&gt;
351
352&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;33. If you have the right kind of soil with the right amount of water, you can bring good snails from another place to start your snail farm.&lt;/P&gt;
353
354&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
355</Content>
356</Section>
357<Section>
358 <Description>
359 <Metadata name="Title">The soil and the water in the soil</Metadata>
360 </Description>
361 <Content>
362
363&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;34. Soil is important for snails. Part of the time they live on the soil and part of the time they live in the soil, and to live well, snails need good soil.&lt;/P&gt;
364
365&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p67a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
366 Snail on the soil; Snail in the soil&lt;/P&gt;
367
368&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;35. When snails are not on the soil or in the soil, they are on plants which grow in the soil. So, the soil must also be good for the kinds of plants that snails need.&lt;/P&gt;
369
370&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p67b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
371 Snail on plant&lt;/P&gt;
372
373&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;36. When snails are in the soil, they are resting or laying their eggs. If the soil has the right amount of water, snails will live well, the eggs they lay will hatch well and the baby snails will come out of the soil easily.&lt;/P&gt;
374
375&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;37. Snails cannot live in hard soil such as heavy clay soils. When heavy clay soil is too dry, snails cannot dig into it to rest and lay their eggs. When heavy clay is too wet, snails and the eggs they lay may die.&lt;/P&gt;
376
377&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;38. Snails cannot live in loose soil such as soils that have a lot of sand. Sandy soils do not hold enough water for snail eggs to hatch.&lt;/P&gt;
378
379&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;39. The drawings on the next page show how a snail digs a hole, lays its eggs, closes the hole and how the baby snails come out when they have hatched.&lt;/P&gt;
380
381&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;40. Snails need calcium from the soil to make their shells. All snails grow better and have stronger shells when there is a lot of calcium in the soil.&lt;/P&gt;
382
383&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;41. So, if you are going to farm snails, you must have a good medium soil that has neither too much clay nor too much sand. It must also have enough calcium and the right amount of water for your snails to live and grow.&lt;/P&gt;
384
385&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
386&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;If you have a garden, you can easily tell if your soll is good for snails. If your green leafy vegetables grow well, snails will also grow well in the same kind of soil&lt;/P&gt;
387
388&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p68a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
389 Snails will grow well in a garden&lt;/P&gt;
390
391&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 snail digging a hole&lt;/P&gt;
392
393&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p68b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
394 1 snail digging a hole&lt;/P&gt;
395
396&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 laying the eggs and closing the hole&lt;/P&gt;
397
398&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p68c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
399 Snail laying eggs&lt;/P&gt;
400
401&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 baby snails hatching and coming out of the hole&lt;/P&gt;
402
403&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p68d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
404 Baby snails hatching and coming out of the hole&lt;/P&gt;
405
406&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
407</Content>
408</Section>
409<Section>
410 <Description>
411 <Metadata name="Title">Plants for food and plants for shelter</Metadata>
412 </Description>
413 <Content>
414
415&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;42. Snails need plants for both food and sheller. Most kinds of snails use several kinds for food and several other kinds for shelter.&lt;/P&gt;
416
417&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p69a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
418 Plants for food and plants for shelter&lt;/P&gt;
419
420&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;43. They may also use different plants for food and shelter at different times of the year. Sometimes during the growing season snails eat and find shelter on the same plants.&lt;/P&gt;
421
422&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;44. Snails usually hide on shelter plants during the day when it is dry and move to food plants to eat at night or early in the morning when they are wet with dew. However, sometimes snails do eat during the day after it has rained.&lt;/P&gt;
423
424&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;45. If you live in a place which has a season when plants do not grow, snails will dig into the soil to rest and they do not eat then.&lt;/P&gt;
425
426&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;46. During the growing season snails will eat a lot and grow very fast if they have food plants that they like.&lt;/P&gt;
427
428&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;47. So, before you begin you will have to find out exactly what plants they like to eat. To do this you will have to watch snails at night when they eat.&lt;/P&gt;
429
430&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p69b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
431 See what snails eat at night&lt;/P&gt;
432
433&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;48. You can tell that snails are eating when you see their heads moving as they scrape food into their mouths. You can also tell when a snail has been eating by the holes it makes in the leaves.&lt;/P&gt;
434
435&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p69c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
436 Snail on leaf&lt;/P&gt;
437
438&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;49. You will also have to find out what plants they like for shelter. To do this you will have to watch snails during the day when they rest.&lt;/P&gt;
439
440&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p70a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
441 See where snails rest during the day&lt;/P&gt;
442
443&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;50. It is often difficult to find snails on shelter plants because they are hiding. So, you will have to look very carefully.&lt;/P&gt;
444
445&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p70b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
446 Snails are hiding on shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
447
448&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;51. In addition to the food plants, there are many other kinds of foods that you can put into a pen for your snails to eat. You will learn about these foods and when you should use them in the next booklet in this series.&lt;/P&gt;
449
450&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
451</Content>
452</Section>
453<Section>
454 <Description>
455 <Metadata name="Title">Dew and rain</Metadata>
456 </Description>
457 <Content>
458
459&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;52. Dew at night in the growing season helps the plants to grow and makes the leaves and the ground wet so that snails can move about.&lt;/P&gt;
460
461&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;53. Rain in the growing season also helps the plants to grow and it cleans the plants of dust and the dirt that snails leave when they move about. The dirt that snails leave may make them sick.&lt;/P&gt;
462
463&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;54. So, it is very important that the food and shelter plants are wet and clean.&lt;/P&gt;
464
465&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;55. When the leaves are wet, snails move easily, eat more and grow well. When the leaves are dry, snails move very little, or not at all, and they grow poorly.&lt;/P&gt;
466
467&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p70c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
468 Wet leaves are good for snails&lt;/P&gt;
469
470&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;56. When it rains and the plants are clean, the snails will be healthy. When it does not rain and the plants are dirty, the snails may get sick.&lt;/P&gt;
471
472&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;57. Dew and rain also keep the ground moist so that the snails can move easily and dig into it to rest and to lay their eggs.&lt;/P&gt;
473
474&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;58. In the next booklet, you will be told how to wet the leaves of plants and moisten the ground when it is too dry.&lt;/P&gt;
475
476&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
477</Content>
478</Section>
479<Section>
480 <Description>
481 <Metadata name="Title">Land that is wet</Metadata>
482 </Description>
483 <Content>
484
485&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;59. Land that is very wet, low land that does not drain well or land that floods in the rainy season is not good for snail farming.&lt;/P&gt;
486
487&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p71a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
488 Low, wet land is bad for snails&lt;/P&gt;
489
490&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
491</Content>
492</Section>
493<Section>
494 <Description>
495 <Metadata name="Title">Wind</Metadata>
496 </Description>
497 <Content>
498
499&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;60. Wind during the growing season is bad because it dries the dew and dries out the snails.&lt;/P&gt;
500
501&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p71b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
502 Wind is bad for snails&lt;/P&gt;
503
504&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;61. If you decide to farm snails, try to keep them in a place that is protected from the wind.&lt;/P&gt;
505
506&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p71c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
507 Snails should be farmed in a place protected from the wind&lt;/P&gt;
508
509&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
510</Content>
511</Section>
512<Section>
513 <Description>
514 <Metadata name="Title">Where do you keep snails when you farm them?</Metadata>
515 </Description>
516 <Content>
517
518&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;62. If you decide to farm snails you must keep them in a pen. Snails kept in a well- built pen will not get away easily and you can watch them and take care of them well.&lt;/P&gt;
519
520&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;63. After the first year you will need at least two pens. If you decide to farm more snails you may want even more pens. You will learn how to use two or more pens in the next booklet.&lt;/P&gt;
521
522&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p72a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
523 Two pens the second year&lt;/P&gt;
524
525&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;64. In each pen you can give your snails the right kinds of plants for them to eat and to use as shelter.&lt;/P&gt;
526
527&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;65. In each pen you can put the food and shelter plants near each other so that the snails can move easily from one to the other.&lt;/P&gt;
528
529&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;66. Each pen you build must also keep the snails safe from their enemies. Snails have many enemies. You must be careful to protect them from&lt;/P&gt;
530&lt;DIR&gt;
531
532&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• mice and rats&lt;/P&gt;
533&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• shrews and moles&lt;/P&gt;
534&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• walking insects that live on the ground such as ants and beetles&lt;/P&gt;
535&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• slugs and other snails that eat snail meat&lt;/P&gt;
536&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• birds that eat snails&lt;/P&gt;
537&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• frogs and toads&lt;/P&gt;
538&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• thieves&lt;/P&gt;
539&lt;/DIR&gt;
540
541&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p72b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
542 Protect them from
&lt;/P&gt;
543
544&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;67. A snail pen can be small or large depending on how many snails you want to raise. However, when you first begin, start with a small pen. You will need fewer materials. It will be easier to take care of.&lt;/P&gt;
545
546&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;68. In addition, with a small pen you will need fewer snails to begin. When you know more about raising snails, you can build a bigger pen and get more snails to raise.&lt;/P&gt;
547
548&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;69. A good size for a pen is 5 x 5 metres. Later in this booklet you will learn how to build a small pen of this size.&lt;/P&gt;
549
550&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
551</Content>
552</Section>
553<Section>
554 <Description>
555 <Metadata name="Title">How many snails will you need when you first begin?</Metadata>
556 </Description>
557 <Content>
558
559&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;70. If you are using small snails like those you have seen on pages 8 and 9 in this booklet, you will need more snails to begin.&lt;/P&gt;
560
561&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;71. If you are using large snails like those you have seen on pages 10 and 11 in this booklet, you will need fewer snails to begin.&lt;/P&gt;
562
563&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;72. With a pen of 5 x 5 metres (25 square metres) you will need&lt;/P&gt;
564
565&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• 150 snails if you use the small kind (6 for each square metre)&lt;/P&gt;
566&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• 25 snails if you use the large kind (1 for each square metre).&lt;/P&gt;
567
568&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p73a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
569 150 small snails; 25 large snails&lt;/P&gt;
570
571&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
572</Content>
573</Section>
574<Section>
575 <Description>
576 <Metadata name="Title">How much snail meat can you expect to get?</Metadata>
577 </Description>
578 <Content>
579
580&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;73. The amount of snail meat that you will get from small snails will be about the same as what you would get from large snails. This is because you will use many more small snails than large snails and the meat will be about equal.&lt;/P&gt;
581
582&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;74. With one 5 x 5 metre pen you will get 12 to 13 kilograms of snail meat each year and with two 5 x 5 metre pens you will get 24 to 26 kilograms each year.&lt;/P&gt;
583
584&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p73b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
585 12 to 13 kilograms each year; 24 to 26 kilograms each year&lt;/P&gt;
586
587&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
588</Content>
589</Section>
590<Section>
591 <Description>
592 <Metadata name="Title">Now you must decide</Metadata>
593 </Description>
594 <Content>
595
596&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;75. In the first part of this booklet you have learned many things about snails and farming snails. You have learned&lt;/P&gt;
597&lt;DIR&gt;
598
599&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• why it is good to farm snails&lt;/P&gt;
600&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• what you need to farm snails&lt;/P&gt;
601&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• what kinds of snails you can farm&lt;/P&gt;
602&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• how to find plants near you that are good for food and shelter&lt;/P&gt;
603&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• what kind of soil and how much water in the soil snails need&lt;/P&gt;
604&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• where to keep snails and how many you need to start&lt;/P&gt;
605&lt;/DIR&gt;
606
607&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;76. You may also have been able to learn a lot about snails by watching the wild snails near where you live.&lt;/P&gt;
608
609&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;77. An old farmer may have told you what he knows about snails. Someone who gathers snails to sell to others or another snail farmer may have helped you to learn.&lt;/P&gt;
610
611&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;78. So, now that you know a lot about snails it is time to decide if you would like to start your own snail farm.&lt;/P&gt;
612
613&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;79. If you would like to begin you will learn exactly what to do in the rest of this booklet and in the next booklet.&lt;/P&gt;
614
615&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
616</Content>
617</Section>
618</Section>
619<Section>
620 <Description>
621 <Metadata name="Title">How to begin</Metadata>
622 </Description>
623 <Content>
624
625&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
626</Content>
627<Section>
628 <Description>
629 <Metadata name="Title">Choose a place on your land to put your snail farm</Metadata>
630 </Description>
631 <Content>
632
633&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;80. Try to choose a place that is close to your house. That way you will be able to watch your snails, protect them from their enemies and take care of them easily&lt;/P&gt;
634
635&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p74a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
636 Close to your house&lt;/P&gt;
637
638&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;81. In Items 34 to 41 you were told that to farm snails you must have the right kind of soil with the right amount of water.&lt;/P&gt;
639
640&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;82. Remember, if green leafy vegetables grow well in your soil, snails will also grow well in the same kind of soil.&lt;/P&gt;
641
642&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p74b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
643 If your garden grows well, so will your snails&lt;/P&gt;
644
645&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;83. In Items 59 to 61 you were told that low, wet land and wind are bad for snails. So, avoid low, wet places and try to put your snail farm where it is protected from the wind.&lt;/P&gt;
646
647&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p75a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
648 Avoid low, wet land; Find a place protected from wind&lt;/P&gt;
649
650&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;84. In Item 63 you were told that after the first year you will need at least two pens and later you may want even more. In Item 69 you were told that it is best to start with a small pen of 5 x 5 metres.&lt;/P&gt;
651
652&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;85. So, try to find a place where you can put at least two or three 5 x 5 metre pens.&lt;/P&gt;
653
654&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p75b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
655 two or three 5 x 5 metre pens&lt;/P&gt;
656
657&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
658</Content>
659</Section>
660<Section>
661 <Description>
662 <Metadata name="Title">Clean the site and prepare the ground</Metadata>
663 </Description>
664 <Content>
665
666&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;86. Clean the site and prepare the ground a little before the growing season so that you can build the pen in time to plant the food and shelter plants.&lt;/P&gt;
667
668&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;87. First, mark out a square of 8 x 8 metres on the place that you have chosen.&lt;/P&gt;
669
670&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p75c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
671 Mark and clear the 8 x 8 metre square&lt;/P&gt;
672
673&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;88. That way, with a pen of 5 x 5 metres in the centre of the square, you will have a path of 1.5 metres all the way around it (see Item 92). If you have enough land, the path can be even wider.&lt;/P&gt;
674
675&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;89. Clear the square of trees, bushes grass, creeping grass and weeds. Take away all of the roots and the big stones that you can.&lt;/P&gt;
676
677&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p76a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
678 Take away roots and big stones&lt;/P&gt;
679
680&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;90. Spread the plant material that you have cleaned evenly on the ground and cover the whole square. If there is not enough, bring more plant material from another place.&lt;/P&gt;
681
682&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p76b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
683 Cover the square with plant materials&lt;/P&gt;
684
685&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;91. When the plant material is dry, burn it. This will kill the insects, the weed seeds and the roots of creeping grass, and rid the ground of mice, rats and shrews.&lt;/P&gt;
686
687&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p76c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
688 Burn the plant materials&lt;/P&gt;
689
690&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
691&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Insecticides and poisons can also be used to rid your pen of insects, mice, rats and other enemies of snails. However, if you use them, do not use them by yourself because they are very dangerous. Ask someone who knows how to use them, such as your extension agent.&lt;/P&gt;
692
693&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;92. Now mark out a smaller square of 5 x 5 metres inside the big square. This is for your first snail pen.&lt;/P&gt;
694
695&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p77a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
696 Mark the 5 x 5 metre square&lt;/P&gt;
697
698&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;93. Dig the ground in the smaller square to a depth of 20 centimetres and turn it over well. As you dig, remove any rubbish or roots that you find.&lt;/P&gt;
699
700&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p77b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
701 Dig in the ground&lt;/P&gt;
702
703&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;94. While you are digging, if you see any more insects or any of the enemies of snails, bring more dry plant material and burn the ground again. To farm snails, the area must be free of insects, mice, rats and other enemies.&lt;/P&gt;
704
705&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;95. When you have finished digging, the ground in the 5 x 5 metre square should be as smooth and well worked as it would be if you were planting a vegetable garden.&lt;/P&gt;
706
707&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p77c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
708 The 5 x 5 metre square should be smooth&lt;/P&gt;
709
710&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;96. However, do not use any fertilizer, animal manure or compost as you might with a vegetable garden. Fertilizers may burn the snails and animal manure or compost may bring in insects and weed seeds.&lt;/P&gt;
711
712&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
713</Content>
714</Section>
715</Section>
716<Section>
717 <Description>
718 <Metadata name="Title">Building a pen</Metadata>
719 </Description>
720 <Content>
721
722&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;97. Build a pen for your snails as soon as you can after you have burned the plant material. This is to keep other insects, mice, rats or shrews from getting into your pen.&lt;/P&gt;
723
724&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;98. A snail pen is a simple fenced- in area and you can build a fence using&lt;/P&gt;
725&lt;DIR&gt;
726
727&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• corrugated sheet metal or plastic sheets&lt;/P&gt;
728&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• woven plant material&lt;/P&gt;
729&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• woven plant material with chicken wire&lt;/P&gt;
730&lt;/DIR&gt;
731
732&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p78a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
733 Materials for fence&lt;/P&gt;
734
735&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Using corrugated sheet metal or plastic sheets&lt;/P&gt;
736
737&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;99. A fence of corrugated sheet metal or plastic sheets makes the best pen for snails because it keeps out their enemies very well. However, sheet metal or plastic costs a lot of money.&lt;/P&gt;
738
739&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p78b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
740 A fence of corrugated sheet metal&lt;/P&gt;
741
742&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;100. If you are going to build a pen using corrugated metal or plastic, you must build it in such a way that the enemies of snails cannot get in between the sheets.&lt;/P&gt;
743
744&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Using woven plant material&lt;/P&gt;
745
746&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;101. To save money, you can build a fence of woven plant material such as split bamboo. If the woven material is tight, it will keep out enough of enemies for you to farm snails.&lt;/P&gt;
747
748&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p79a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
749 Woven material&lt;/P&gt;
750
751&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Using woven plant material with chicken wire&lt;/P&gt;
752
753&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;102. If you can get fine- mesh chicken wire, you can improve a fence that is made of woven material.&lt;/P&gt;
754
755&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p79b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
756 Chicken wire&lt;/P&gt;
757
758&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;103. To do this, first make the fence of chicken wire and then cover it with woven material.&lt;/P&gt;
759
760&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p79c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
761 First use chicken wire then cover it with woven material&lt;/P&gt;
762
763&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;104. The chicken wire will keep out rats and other small animals. The woven plant material will keep most of the insects out and keep the snails in.&lt;/P&gt;
764
765&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p79d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
766 Keep out small animals&lt;/P&gt;
767
768&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
769&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;With any kind of pen animals such as rats may get in, and this is especially true with pens made only of woven plant material. So, you must always watch for rats and other animals and keep them out.&lt;/P&gt;
770
771&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;How to build the fence&lt;/P&gt;
772
773&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;105. Build the fence as you would any fence, by driving posts into the ground. Use posts 1.40 metres long. When the posts are in place they should be 1.00 metre above and 0.40 metre below the ground.&lt;/P&gt;
774
775&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p80a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
776 Drive posts into the ground&lt;/P&gt;
777
778&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;106. Whatever material you use for the fence of your pen, it should be buried 0.40 metre below the ground.&lt;/P&gt;
779
780&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;107. If you are using woven material you will have to change the bottom of the fence when it rots.&lt;/P&gt;
781
782&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;108. This can be done more easily by making the woven material in two parts, one for the top and one for the bottom. When the bottom part rots, you can change it without having to change the whole fence.&lt;/P&gt;
783
784&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p80b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
785 Attach top parts first; attach bottom parts second&lt;/P&gt;
786
787&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Keeping your snails in the pen&lt;/P&gt;
788
789&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;109. Many of your snails may crawl over the fence and get out of the pen. If you build a flap on the inside at the top of the fence, it will be more difficult for your snails to get out.&lt;/P&gt;
790
791&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;110. However, even with a flap some snails may get out, and for this reason many snail farmers put two flaps on their fence. With two flaps they find that fewer snails get out.&lt;/P&gt;
792
793&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p81a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
794 With two flaps, your snails will not easily crawl out of the pen&lt;/P&gt;
795
796&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note&lt;/P&gt;
797&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;If you make your pen using galvanized sheet metal, you will not need flaps. Snails will not crawl on galvanized sheet metal.&lt;/P&gt;
798
799&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;111. The drawings show you how to build a 5 x 5 metre pen using woven plant material, with and without chicken wire and how to build flaps to keep your snails in.&lt;/P&gt;
800
801&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p81b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
802 How to build a 5 x 5 metre small pen&lt;/P&gt;
803
804&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 if you are using woven material only, attach it as you were told to do in Item 108&lt;/P&gt;
805
806&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p82a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
807 Attach woven material&lt;/P&gt;
808
809&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 If you are using chicken wire and woven material, attach the chicken wire first and then the woven material&lt;/P&gt;
810
811&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p82b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
812 Attach the chicken material first&lt;/P&gt;
813
814&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;5 be sure that the fence cover goes all the way to the bottom of the 0.40- m trench&lt;/P&gt;
815
816&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p82c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
817 0.40- m trench&lt;/P&gt;
818
819&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;6 fill in the trench&lt;/P&gt;
820
821&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p82d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
822 Fill in the trench&lt;/P&gt;
823
824&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;7 attach the flaps to the inside of the pen&lt;/P&gt;
825&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Note: use woven material 0.25 m wide for the flaps&lt;/P&gt;
826
827&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;8 first attach the bottom flap using heavy cord&lt;/P&gt;
828
829&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p83a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
830 Use heavy cord&lt;/P&gt;
831
832&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;9 then attach the top flap&lt;/P&gt;
833
834&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;
835</Content>
836</Section>
837<Section>
838 <Description>
839 <Metadata name="Title">Plant the food and shelter plants</Metadata>
840 </Description>
841 <Content>
842
843&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;112. You have already been told that you should clean and prepare the site and build your snail pen in time for the planting season.&lt;/P&gt;
844
845&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;113. If it has been only a short time since you dug the ground and worked the soil in your pen, you can begin to plant.&lt;/P&gt;
846
847&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;114. If it has been a long time, dig and work the soil again before you plant. However, as you were told in Item 96, do not use fertilizer, animal manure or compost.&lt;/P&gt;
848
849&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;115. Now you can begin to plant the food and shelter plants. Remember that you should use&lt;/P&gt;
850&lt;DIR&gt;
851
852&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• plants that grow well where you live&lt;/P&gt;
853&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• plants that last a long time&lt;/P&gt;
854&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• plants that snails like&lt;/P&gt;
855&lt;/DIR&gt;
856
857&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;116. The drawings, show you two ways to plant food and shelter plants in a 5 x 5 metre pen.&lt;/P&gt;
858
859&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;117. On pages 50 to 55 you will see some food and shelter plants that snails are known to like. Look at them carefully. Perhaps you can find some of them where you live.&lt;/P&gt;
860
861&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Two ways plant food and shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
862
863&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;1 if your shelter plants are small, plant your pen like this&lt;/P&gt;
864
865&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p84a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
866 Mark three places for small shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
867
868&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;2 plant the shelter plants first and then plant the food plants all around the shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
869
870&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p84b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
871 First plant the shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
872
873&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;3 if your shelter plants are large, plant your pen like this&lt;/P&gt;
874
875&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p84c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
876 Mark only one place for large shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
877
878&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;4 plant the shelter plants first and then plant the food plants all around the shelter plants&lt;/P&gt;
879
880&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p84d.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
881 Leave a path inside the fence&lt;/P&gt;
882
883&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;RAMPE&lt;/P&gt;
884
885&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p85a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
886 Some plants for food&lt;/P&gt;
887
888&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Rape is one of many kinds of smooth- leaved cabbage. It grows from seed and lasts a number of months. Rape is the best food plant for Helix snails (see pages 8 and 9 in this booklet). Many of the other kinds of smooth- leaved cabbage also make good food plants for snails.&lt;/P&gt;
889
890&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p85b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
891 Rape&lt;/P&gt;
892
893&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;AFRICAN SPINACH (Amaranthus)&lt;/P&gt;
894&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;This green leafy vegetable is a good food plant for young Achatina and Archachatina snails. However, if you plant African spinach for your snails, they will need other kinds of food plants as well.&lt;/P&gt;
895
896&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p85c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
897 African spinach&lt;/P&gt;
898
899&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;PAPAYA&lt;/P&gt;
900&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;You have already been told that snails can be given food to eat other than the food plants that you have planted in the pen (see also Items 175 to 179 in the next booklet). The tender green leaves and cut- up fruit of the papaya tree are very good for Achatina and Archachatina snails. However, the papaya should not be planted inside the pen.&lt;/P&gt;
901
902&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p86a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
903 Papaya&lt;/P&gt;
904
905&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;HORSE- RADISH&lt;/P&gt;
906&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Horse- radish is a good food and shelter plant for young Helix snails. However, when they are older they will need other kinds of food plants as well.&lt;/P&gt;
907
908&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p86b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
909 Horse- Radish&lt;/P&gt;
910
911&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;LEAF BEET&lt;/P&gt;
912&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Leaf beet grows well from seed and lives for one year. It can be used with He/ix snails for both food and for shelter. As a food plant alone it is not the best and you will have to give your snails other food plants as well. However, as a shelter plant it is very good for Helix snails. These snails lay eggs under the beet plants and find shelter around the roots in cold weather.&lt;/P&gt;
913
914&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p86c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
915 Leaf Beet&lt;/P&gt;
916
917&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;BURDOCK&lt;/P&gt;
918&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Burdock grows from seed and lives for more than a year. It grows very slowly and you should plant it as soon as you can so that it can grow big enough for your snails. However, once it has grown it makes a good food and shelter plant for almost any kind of snail.&lt;/P&gt;
919
920&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p87a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
921 Burdock&lt;/P&gt;
922
923&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;BANANA and LOOFAH&lt;/P&gt;
924&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Banana and loofah plants together provide both food and shelter for Achatina and Archachatina snails. Ripe bananas can be cut up and fed to the snails and they can use the loofah plant for food and for shelter. However, your snails will need other food plants as well.&lt;/P&gt;
925
926&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p87b.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
927 Banana and Loofah&lt;/P&gt;
928
929&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;PLANTAGO&lt;/P&gt;
930&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Plantago grows well from seed and lasts about two years. It is the best shelter plant for Helix snails.&lt;/P&gt;
931
932&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p87c.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
933 Plantago&lt;/P&gt;
934
935&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;ASPARAGUS&lt;/P&gt;
936&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;Asparagus lives for many years and it is a good shelter plant for young Achatina and Archachatina snails. However, it is not good for older snails because they are too heavy for asparagus plants.&lt;/P&gt;
937
938&lt;B&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
939</Content>
940<Section>
941 <Description>
942 <Metadata name="Title">When are the plants big enough for food and for shelter?</Metadata>
943 </Description>
944 <Content>
945
946&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;118. The food plants must be big enough to feed your snails and the shelter plants tall enough to cover them and to protect them from the sun.&lt;/P&gt;
947
948&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;119. Depending on the kind of snails that you are raising, most plants will be big enough after they have been growing for about five to six weeks or when they have reached a height of 10 to 20 centimetres.&lt;/P&gt;
949
950&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/f33p88a.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
951 Plants will grow to a height of 10 to 20 cm.&lt;/P&gt;
952
953&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;120. When you are sure that the plants are big enough to provide food and shelter, you can begin to collect the snails and put them into the pen.&lt;/P&gt;
954
955&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;121. In Booklet No. 34, Farming snails 2, you will learn&lt;/P&gt;
956&lt;DIR&gt;
957
958&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• how to choose good snails and how to put them in the pen&lt;/P&gt;
959&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• how to take care of your snails&lt;/P&gt;
960&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• when and how to harvest snails&lt;/P&gt;
961&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;• how to prepare snails for cooking&lt;/P&gt;
962&lt;/DIR&gt;
963
964&lt;P ALIGN=&quot;JUSTIFY&quot;&gt;122. You will also be told some things that you can do to improve your snail farm so that later when you have more experience you can raise more and better snails.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;
965</Content>
966</Section>
967</Section>
968</Section>
969</Archive>
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