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    <Metadata name="Content">Primary Sources - Letter of Katharine of Aragon to her daughter, Princess Mary, April 1534</Metadata>
    <Metadata name="Title">Primary Sources - Letter of Katharine of Aragon to her daughter, Princess Mary, April 1534</Metadata>
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    &lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Letter of Katharine of Aragon to her daughter, 
Princess Mary&lt;br&gt; April 1534&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background &lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;This letter was written by Katharine about seven 
  months after the birth of Henry VIII's daughter with Anne Boleyn.&amp;nbsp; Henry 
  had demanded that Mary take the oath to the Act of Succession, thus 
  acknowledging the invalidity of her parents' marriage as well as her own 
  illegitimacy.&amp;nbsp; Mary understandably refused, but her resolve was 
  faltering.&amp;nbsp; Henry would not allow her to visit her mother; he also 
  dismissed her household and placed her in the care of Lady Anne Shelton, the 
  aunt of Anne Boleyn.&amp;nbsp; Mary was miserable and quickly fell ill.&amp;nbsp; She 
  had never been robust and the constant emotional turmoil of her life affected 
  her physical health.&amp;nbsp; She understandably looked to her mother for advice 
  and support.&amp;nbsp; In this letter, Katharine tells Mary to follow her own 
  strategy - obey Henry in all things except those which would offend 
  God.&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;As the letter indicates, Katharine herself genuinely feared 
  for Mary's life, as well as her own.&amp;nbsp; But she was determined to remain 
  true to her conscience, and none of Henry VIII's threats would persuade her 
  otherwise.&amp;nbsp; Mary would eventually betray her mother's wishes and accede 
  to the Act of Succession; her letter to Henry VIII is included in the &lt;A 
  href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fprimary.html&quot;&gt;Primary Sources&lt;/A&gt; 
  section and is a remarkable document.&lt;/FONT&gt; 
  &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;In this letter, 
  Katharine mentions Lady Salisbury.&amp;nbsp; This was Margaret de la Pole, 
  countess of Salisbury; she was also a Plantagenet heir and cousin of Henry 
  VIII's.&amp;nbsp; She had been Mary's governess for many years and was very close 
  to both Katharine and Mary.&amp;nbsp; Upon Mary's disobedience, Henry dismissed 
  her from Mary's service; Margaret was eventually executed on trumped-up 
  charges of treason in 1541.&amp;nbsp; Her death was perhaps the most blatant act 
  of judicial murder in Henry's bloody reign.&lt;/FONT&gt; 
  &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;I find this letter psychologically interesting.&amp;nbsp; 
  Katharine became increasingly pious as her marriage to Henry dissolved into 
  ceaseless acrimony and misery.&amp;nbsp; Religious fervor became her only 
  comfort.&amp;nbsp; In this, she perhaps inadvertently over-stressed its importance 
  to her daughter.&amp;nbsp; She placed Mary in an untenable and dangerous position, 
  essentially telling her that it was God's will to disobey her father, even as 
  she assumed God was on her side in the annulment proceedings.&amp;nbsp; But Henry 
  was equally convinced of the religious righteousness of his cause.&amp;nbsp; Poor 
  Mary, torn between two bullying parents, inevitably turned to her 
  mother.&amp;nbsp; After all, Katharine's situation was far more sympathetic and 
  she was badly treated (after she refused many generous offers to accept 
  Henry's wishes.)&amp;nbsp; But the effect on Mary's personality was 
  devastating.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; She remained emotionally insecure for the rest of her 
  life.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;hr&gt;
  &lt;P&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;Daughter, I heard such tidings today that I do perceive if it be 
    true, the time is come that Almighty God will prove you; and I am very glad 
    of it, for I trust He doth handle you with a good love.&amp;nbsp; I beseech you 
    agree of His pleasure with a merry heart; and be sure that, without fail, He 
    will not suffer you to perish if you beware to offend Him.&amp;nbsp; I pray you, 
    good daughter, to offer yourself to Him.&amp;nbsp; If any pangs come to you, 
    shrive yourself; first make you clean; take heed of His commandments, and 
    keep them as near as He will give you grace to do, for then you are sure 
    armed.&amp;nbsp; And if this lady [Anne Shelton] do come to you as it is spoken, 
    if she do bring you a letter from the King, I am sure in the self same 
    letter you shall be commanded what you shall do.&amp;nbsp; Answer with few 
    words, obeying the King, your father, in everything, save only that you will 
    not offend God and lose your own soul; and go no further with learning and 
    disputation in the matter.&amp;nbsp; And wheresoever, and in whatsoever company 
    you shall come, observe the King's commandments.&amp;nbsp; Speak you few words 
    and meddle nothing.&amp;nbsp; I will send you two books in Latin; the one shall 
    be De Vita Christi with a declaration of the Gospels, and the other the 
    Epistles of St Jerome that he did write to Paul and Eustochium, and in them 
    I trust you shall see good things.&amp;nbsp; And sometimes for your recreation 
    use your virginals or lute if you have any. &lt;BR&gt;But one thing I especially 
    desire you, for the love that you do owe unto God and unto me, to keep your 
    heart with a chaste mind, and your body from all ill and wanton company, not 
    thinking or desiring any husband for Christ's passion; neither determine 
    yourself to any manner of living till this troublesome time be past.&amp;nbsp; 
    For I dare make sure that you shall see a very good end, and better than you 
    can desire.&amp;nbsp; I would God, good daughter, that you did know with how 
    good a heart I do write this letter unto you.&amp;nbsp; I never did one with a 
    better, for I perceive very well that God loveth you.&amp;nbsp; I beseech Him of 
    His goodness to continue it; and if it fortune that you shall have nobody 
    with you of your acquaintance, I think it best you keep your keys yourself, 
    for howsoever it is, so shall be done as shall please them. &lt;BR&gt;And now you 
    shall begin, and by likelihood I shall follow.&amp;nbsp; I set not a rush by it; 
    for when they have done the uttermost they can, than I am sure of the 
    amendment.&amp;nbsp; I pray you, recommend me unto my good lady of Salisbury, 
    and pray her to have a good heart, for we never come to the kingdom of 
    Heaven but by troubles. &lt;BR&gt;Daughter, whatsoever you come, take no pain to 
    send unto me, for if I may, I will send to you. &lt;BR&gt;Your loving mother, 
    &lt;BR&gt;Katharine the Queen.&lt;/p&gt;
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    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;&lt;A 
href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fletters.html&quot;&gt;to Letters of the Six Wives 
of Henry VIII&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fprimary.html&quot;&gt;to 
Primary Sources&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;&lt;A 
href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor.html&quot;&gt;to Tudor England&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;&lt;A 
href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2faragon.html&quot;&gt;to Katharine of 
Aragon website&lt;/A&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fmary1.html&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
    to Queen Mary I website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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