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2<!DOCTYPE Archive SYSTEM "http://greenstone.org/dtd/Archive/1.0/Archive.dtd">
3<Archive>
4<Section>
5 <Description>
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13 <Metadata name="Encoding">windows_1252</Metadata>
14 <Metadata name="Page_topic">16th century England Tudor England FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Tudor England</Metadata>
15 <Metadata name="Content">16th century England Tudor England FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Tudor England</Metadata>
16 <Metadata name="Author">Marilee Mongello</Metadata>
17 <Metadata name="Title">Tudor England FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions about Tudor England</Metadata>
18 <Metadata name="FileFormat">HTML</Metadata>
19 <Metadata name="URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/faq.html</Metadata>
20 <Metadata name="UTF8URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/faq.html</Metadata>
21 <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Tudor period|Others</Metadata>
22 <Metadata name="Identifier">HASH29c055aa0c7d7d496bb192</Metadata>
23 <Metadata name="lastmodified">1391133401</Metadata>
24 <Metadata name="lastmodifieddate">20140131</Metadata>
25 <Metadata name="oailastmodified">1391133722</Metadata>
26 <Metadata name="oailastmodifieddate">20140131</Metadata>
27 <Metadata name="assocfilepath">HASH29c0/55aa0c7d.dir</Metadata>
28 <Metadata name="gsdlassocfile">faqnew.gif:image/gif:</Metadata>
29 <Metadata name="gsdlassocfile">imagesbw.jpg:image/jpeg:</Metadata>
30 <Metadata name="gsdlassocfile">henry7faq.jpg:image/jpeg:</Metadata>
31 <Metadata name="gsdlassocfile">henry8faq1.jpg:image/jpeg:</Metadata>
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37 </Description>
38 <Content>
39&lt;table height=&quot;601&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
40 &lt;tbody&gt;
41 &lt;tr&gt;
42 &lt;td width=&quot;14%&quot; height=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
43 &lt;/td&gt;
44 &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;71%&quot; height=&quot;2&quot;&gt;
45 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
46 &lt;br&gt;
47 &lt;/td&gt;
48 &lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot; height=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
49 &lt;/td&gt;
50 &lt;/tr&gt;
51 &lt;tr&gt;
52 &lt;td width=&quot;14%&quot; height=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
53 &lt;/td&gt;
54 &lt;td width=&quot;71%&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
55 &lt;/td&gt;
56 &lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot; height=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
57 &lt;/td&gt;
58 &lt;/tr&gt;
59 &lt;tr&gt;
60 &lt;td width=&quot;14%&quot; height=&quot;610&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
61 &lt;/td&gt;
62 &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;71%&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot; height=&quot;610&quot;&gt;
63 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
64&lt;br&gt;
65&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot;
66 src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/faqnew.gif&quot; width=&quot;621&quot;
67 height=&quot;129&quot; alt=&quot;Tudor England FAQ Frequently Asked Questions&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
68 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Simply click on
69a question and you will be taken to the answer.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
70 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
71 &lt;p&gt;
72 &lt;img border=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/imagesbw.jpg&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; alt=&quot;black-and-white version of the van de Passe etching of Queen Elizabeth I&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; height=&quot;313&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Top&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;General
73Questions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
74 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
75 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#One&quot;&gt;Who were the
76Tudors?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
77 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
78 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Two&quot;&gt;When did they rule
79England?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
80 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
81 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Three&quot;&gt;Why are they so
82famous?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
83 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
84 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Four&quot;&gt;What did they
85accomplish?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
86 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
87 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Five&quot;&gt;Can you give me a
88brief history of Tudor England?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
89 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
90 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Tree&quot;&gt;Where can I view
91the Tudor family tree?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
92 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
93 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Six&quot;&gt;Where can I look
94at portraits of the Tudors?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
95 &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Rose&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font
96 face=&quot;Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;What is the 'Tudor Rose'?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
97 &lt;p&gt;
98 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
99 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-nine&quot;&gt;Does this
100website have a search engine?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
101 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
102 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fifty&quot;&gt;I am quoting
103from this website for my paper / report.&amp;nbsp; How do I correctly cite
104the source?&lt;br&gt;
105 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Update&quot;&gt;When
106was the site last updated?&lt;br&gt;
107 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
108 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;Specific Questions&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
109 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Seven&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
110Was Henry VII really a miser?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a
111 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Eight&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
112Did Elizabeth of York really hate Henry VII?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a
113 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Nine&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
114Did Prince Arthur and Katharine of Aragon consummate their marriage?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
115 &lt;/p&gt;
116 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
117 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Ten&quot;&gt;Why did Henry VIII
118have six wives?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
119 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
120 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Ten-a&quot;&gt;Who were the six
121wives?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
122 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
123 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Eleven&quot;&gt;Did Henry VIII
124really murder all his wives?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
125 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
126 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Eleven-a&quot;&gt;What was the
127'King's Great Matter'?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
128 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
129 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Eleven-b&quot;&gt;What was the
130Reformation?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
131 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
132 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twelve&quot;&gt;How did Henry
133VIII die?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
134 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt; &lt;a
135 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirteen&quot;&gt;How did
136Katharine of Aragon die?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
137 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt; &lt;a
138 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirteena&quot;&gt;Why do you
139spell Katharine's name as you do?&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; (And why do you spell
140Catherine Howard and Katharine Parr's differently?)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
141 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
142 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourteen&quot;&gt;Was Anne
143Boleyn really a witch?&amp;nbsp; Did she have an extra finger?&amp;nbsp; Did
144she really commit adultery and have an incestuous affair with her
145brother?&amp;nbsp; How many times was she pregnant as Queen?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
146 &lt;br&gt;
147 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
148 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fifteen&quot;&gt;Where is Anne
149Boleyn buried?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
150 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
151 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Sixteen&quot;&gt;Did Jane
152Seymour die of complications from a Caesarean section?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
153 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
154 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Seventeen&quot;&gt;Was Anne of
155Cleves really that ugly?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
156 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
157 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Eighteen&quot;&gt;What happened
158to Anne of Cleves after Henry divorced her?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
159 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
160 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Nineteen&quot;&gt;Did Catherine
161Howard commit adultery while Queen of England?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
162 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
163 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty&quot;&gt;Where is
164Catherine Howard buried?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
165 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
166 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-one&quot;&gt;How many
167times was Katharine Parr married?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
168 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
169 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-two&quot;&gt;Was
170Katharine Parr imprisoned by Henry VIII?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
171 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
172 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-three&quot;&gt;What
173happened to Henry VIII's sisters, Margaret and Mary Tudor?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
174 &lt;/p&gt;
175 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
176 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-four&quot;&gt;Did Henry
177VIII execute a lot of people?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
178 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
179 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-five&quot;&gt;Did Henry
180VIII have a legitimate reason to divorce Katharine of Aragon?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
181 &lt;/p&gt;
182 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
183 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-six&quot;&gt;How did
184Edward VI die?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
185 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
186 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Six-a&quot;&gt;Who is the 'Nine
187Days Queen'?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
188 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
189 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-seven&quot;&gt;Did Lady
190Jane Grey want to be Queen of England?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
191 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
192 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-eight&quot;&gt;Did Lady
193Jane Grey love her husband?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
194 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
195 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-nine&quot;&gt;Where is
196Lady Jane Grey buried?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
197 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
198 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty&quot;&gt;Why is Mary I
199called 'Bloody Mary'?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
200 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
201 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-a&quot;&gt;Are there two
202Mary Tudors at this site?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
203 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
204 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-one&quot;&gt;Did Mary I
205really hate her half-sister, Elizabeth?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
206 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
207 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-two&quot;&gt;Was Mary I
208ever pregnant during her marriage to Philip of Spain?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
209 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
210 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-three&quot;&gt;What were
211Mary I's last words?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
212 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
213 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-four&quot;&gt;Where is
214Mary I buried?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
215 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
216 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-five&quot;&gt;Was
217Elizabeth I truly a great queen - or did her ministers do all the work?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
218 &lt;br&gt;
219 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
220 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-six&quot;&gt;How smart
221was Elizabeth I?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
222 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
223 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-seven&quot;&gt;Did
224Elizabeth ever plan to marry anyone?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
225 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
226 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-eight&quot;&gt;Was
227Elizabeth really a 'Virgin Queen'?&amp;nbsp; Did she have secret lovers
228and/or children?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
229 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
230 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-nine&quot;&gt;Why is the
2311588 battle with the Spanish Armada so famous?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
232 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
233 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty&quot;&gt;Why are there
234so many portraits of Elizabeth I?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
235 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
236 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-one&quot;&gt;Where is
237Elizabeth I buried?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
238 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
239 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-two&quot;&gt;Why was
240Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
241 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
242 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-two-a&quot;&gt;How long
243was Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
244 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
245 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-three&quot;&gt;Are Mary,
246queen of Scots and Mary Tudor the same person?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
247 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
248 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-four&quot;&gt;Why did
249Elizabeth I have Mary, queen of Scots killed?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
250 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
251 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-five&quot;&gt;Was Mary,
252queen of Scots guilty of the crimes for which she was executed?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
253 &lt;br&gt;
254 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt; &lt;a
255 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-six&quot;&gt;Where is
256Mary, queen of Scots buried?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
257 &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-sixa&quot;&gt;Why
258is Mary, queen of Scots's last name sometimes spelled 'Stewart' and
259other times 'Stuart'?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a
260 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-sixa&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
261 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
262 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-seven&quot;&gt;Why did
263Elizabeth I leave her throne to James I of Scotland?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
264 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;a
265 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-eight&quot;&gt;What
266dynasty followed the Tudors?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
267 &lt;blockquote&gt;
268 &lt;hr width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
269 &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;
270 &lt;a name=&quot;One&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Who were the
271Tudors?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
272 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;The Tudors were a Welsh-English
273family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603.&amp;nbsp; Henry Tudor was the
274son of Margaret Beaufort, who was descended from King Edward III
275through an illegitimate line, and Edmund Tudor, the son of Princess
276Catherine of Valois and her second husband, Owen Tudor.&amp;nbsp; Through
277Catherine of Valois, Jasper was the half-brother of the last
278Lancastrian king, Henry VI.&amp;nbsp; The Yorkist branch of the Plantagenet
279dynasty would eventually seize the throne from the incompetent Henry
280VI, but their reign ended when Richard III was killed at the battle of
281Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485.&amp;nbsp; Henry Tudor then claimed the
282throne as King Henry VII.&amp;nbsp; He promptly married Elizabeth of York,
283daughter of the only successful Yorkist king, Edward IV, and niece of
284Richard III.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
285 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Henry VII and Elizabeth of York's
286second son, three of their grandchildren and one of their
287great-grandchildren, would rule England as part of the Tudor
288dynasty.&amp;nbsp; When their rule ended, the throne passed to the Scottish
289branch of their family - James I was the great-grandson of their
290daughter, Margaret Tudor.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
291 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Visit &lt;a
292 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=0&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fgenealog.html&quot;&gt;Tudor Genealogy&lt;/a&gt;
293for more information.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
294 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
295 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
296&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
297 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Two&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;When did
298they rule England?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
299 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;The Tudors ruled England from 1485
300to 1603.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
301 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
302 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
303&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
304 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Three&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Why are
305they so famous?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
306 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;The Tudors are famous because their
307dynasty was full of colorful characters and big events.&amp;nbsp; Henry
308VIII and his six wives.... the English reformation.... the tragic tale
309of Lady Jane Grey.... the great intelligence of Elizabeth I and the
310artistic accomplishments of her reign....&amp;nbsp; During the sixteenth
311century, England emerged from the medieval world.&amp;nbsp; It was a time
312of great change, most notably it marked the end of the Catholic church
313in England.&amp;nbsp; There was an attendant rise in nationalism, a new
314spirit of confidence and patriotism swept the country.&amp;nbsp; Great
315naval exploits began the great English seafaring tradition.&amp;nbsp;
316Whether as pirates or officers or explorers, Elizabethan sailors
317controlled the seas.&amp;nbsp; And besides the political and religious
318changes, the Tudors themselves were interesting and complex people.&lt;/font&gt;
319 &lt;br&gt;
320 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
321 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
322&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
323 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Four&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;What did
324they accomplish?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
325 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;The Tudors were able to establish
326England as a world power.&amp;nbsp; They did so by positioning their
327country as a peace-maker between the dueling powers of France and
328Spain/the Holy Roman Empire.&amp;nbsp; They also gave England a century of
329dynastic stability.&amp;nbsp; With the exception of Lady Jane Grey's brief
330reign and Catholic attempts to place Mary, queen of Scots on Elizabeth
331I's throne, most Tudor monarchs came to the throne - and remained on
332the throne - unchallenged.&amp;nbsp; This lengthy period of peace allowed
333England a much-needed respite from the Lancastrian-Yorkist wars.&amp;nbsp;
334Government ran more efficiently; royal power replaced that of
335aristocrats and there was a uniform system of justice and taxation
336throughout the country.&amp;nbsp; And, as always in times of peace, the
337arts flourished.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
338 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
339 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
340&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
341 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Five&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Can you
342give me a brief history of Tudor England?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
343 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Tudor England began when Henry VII
344became king in 1485.&amp;nbsp; There were five Tudor monarchs, not counting
345Lady Jane Grey who ruled for just nine days.&amp;nbsp; The monarchs were,
346in order, Henry VII (ruled from 1485 to 1509), his son Henry VIII
347(ruled from 1509 to 1547), Edward VI, son of Henry VIII (ruled from
3481547 to 1553), Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII (ruled from 1553 to
3491558), and Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII (ruled from 1558 to
3501603.)&amp;nbsp; The most powerful Tudor monarchs were Henry VIII and
351Elizabeth I, though she was far more beloved of the English
352people.&amp;nbsp; Both were powerful personalities who were able to control
353their squabbling councilors and answer the demands of an increasingly
354vocal Parliament.&amp;nbsp; Under Henry VII, the English government came to
355be more stabilized and centralized.&amp;nbsp; Under Henry VIII, English
356authority was tested on the Continent, though even military victories
357were too costly to maintain.&amp;nbsp; A great victory over Scotland early
358in his reign (1513) was most notable; the attendant confusion of its
359northern neighbor was beneficial for England.&amp;nbsp; Henry VIII's
360desperate quest for a legitimate heir led to &lt;a
361 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Eleven-b&quot;&gt;the
362Reformation&lt;/a&gt;; this was the end of the Catholic church's authority in
363England.&amp;nbsp; The king, unable to obtain an annulment, declared
364himself Supreme Head of a new English church.&amp;nbsp; He also sold or
365destroyed most church property in England.&amp;nbsp; His son, Edward VI,
366was just a child when he inherited the throne but already known for his
367piety and serious nature.&amp;nbsp; His councilors continued to strengthen
368the Protestant state, but their plans were dashed when Edward died at
36916 years of age.&amp;nbsp; An attempt to place his Protestant cousin, Lady
370Jane Grey, on the throne instead of the Catholic Princess Mary
371failed.&amp;nbsp; Mary was declared queen to great acclaim; she was
372originally very popular even with the Protestants.&amp;nbsp; But a policy
373of religious persecution, a hated marriage with Philip of Spain, and
374bad agricultural conditions (as well as the debt she had inherited from
375her father and brother) soon made Mary broken-hearted and
376disliked.&amp;nbsp; She was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth, who
377was a religious pragmatist and passionately devoted to her
378country.&amp;nbsp; Elizabeth's policy of toleration was extended to both
379the religious and political spheres.&amp;nbsp; Above all else, she avoided
380extremism at all costs.&amp;nbsp; She often prevaricated over major
381decisions, unwilling to commit to an action before all diplomatic
382attempts failed.&amp;nbsp; This infuriated many of her advisors, but it
383also gave her country the religious and political peace it needed to
384thrive.&amp;nbsp; Her reign was marked by the great victory over the
385Spanish Armada in 1588, the artistic achievements of men such as
386Shakespeare and Bacon, and English exploration and colonization of
387North America.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
388 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
389 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
390 &lt;br&gt;
391 &lt;/p&gt;
392 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Tree&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Where can I view the
393Tudor family tree?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
394 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Visit the &lt;a
395 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fgenealogy.html&quot;&gt;Tudor Genealogy&lt;/a&gt;
396site.&amp;nbsp; It has a graphic image of the family tree and a more
397detailed text genealogy.&lt;br&gt;
398 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
399 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
400 &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;
401 &lt;/p&gt;
402 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Six&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Where can I
403look at portraits of the Tudors?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
404 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;You can visit the &lt;a
405 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=0&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fwww.marileecody.com%2fimages.html&quot;&gt;Images&lt;/a&gt; section of my
406site.&amp;nbsp; You can also visit &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=0&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2ftudorhistory.org&quot;&gt;Tudorhistory.org&lt;/a&gt;
407and &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=0&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fwww.tudor-portraits.com&quot;&gt;Tudor-portraits.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
408 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
409 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
410 &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;
411 &lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Rose&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;What
412is the 'Tudor Rose'?&lt;br&gt;
413 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;The Tudor
414Rose is the most famous symbol of the Tudor dynasty. &amp;nbsp;You can see
415a beautiful example of it on &lt;a
416 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor.html&quot;&gt;the main page&lt;/a&gt;.
417&amp;nbsp;It shows the petals of a red rose enfolding the petals of a white
418rose. &amp;nbsp;The red rose was the symbol of the House of Lancaster and
419the white rose was the symbol of the House of York. &amp;nbsp;Henry VII was
420the first Tudor king and a Lancastrian. &amp;nbsp;He married Princess
421Elizabeth of York. &amp;nbsp; Their marriage was the literal union of both
422houses, symbolized by the new 'Tudor Rose'. &amp;nbsp;Also, the Wars of the
423Roses were thus called because they represented the 15th century
424struggle between Lancaster and York for the throne of England. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
425 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
426 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
427 &lt;/p&gt;
428 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;img height=&quot;225&quot;
429 alt=&quot;sketch of Henry Tudor while he was exiled in France&quot;
430 src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/henry7faq.jpg&quot; width=&quot;165&quot;
431 border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
432 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;sketch of the
433future King Henry VII while he was exiled in France&lt;br&gt;
434 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
435 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Seven&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Was Henry
436VII really a miser?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
437 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Henry VII, the first Tudor king, was
438tight-fisted with money.&amp;nbsp; His tax inspectors were notorious and
439despised.&amp;nbsp; However, the English treasury was nearly empty after
440years of wars.&amp;nbsp; Henry was determined to create a stable government
441and all governments need money to run.&amp;nbsp; It became something of an
442obsession with him, particularly in his later years.&amp;nbsp; But to his
443credit, he left a healthy treasury to his son and heir, Henry VIII -
444which the latter promptly spent.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
445 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To learn more about Henry VII, &lt;a
446 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fhenry7.html&quot;&gt;visit his
447website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
448 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
449 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
450&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
451 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Eight&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Did
452Elizabeth of York really hate Henry VII?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
453 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Many authors have argued that
454Elizabeth hated Henry because he took the throne from her family and
455she was forced to marry him.&amp;nbsp; But all the contemporary accounts I
456have read indicate they had a pleasant enough marriage.&amp;nbsp; Henry VII
457never had an affair and he genuinely mourned her death in 1503.&amp;nbsp;
458Elizabeth's life as queen was primarily domestic.&amp;nbsp; Her motto
459'Humble and Reverent' sums up her character.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
460 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
461 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
462&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
463 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Nine&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Did Prince
464Arthur and Katharine of Aragon consummate their marriage?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
465 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;This question was very important
466during Henry VIII's reign.&amp;nbsp; He said his marriage to Katharine
467should be annulled because she had been his brother's wife.&amp;nbsp; He
468disregarded the papal dispensation which had given them permission to
469wed in 1509 by arguing that the Pope could not disregard the Bible
470itself.&amp;nbsp; There are passages in Leviticus which specifically forbid
471a man taking his brother's wife as his own.&amp;nbsp; Katharine swore that
472she and Arthur had never consummated their marriage, as did her duenna.&lt;/font&gt;
473 &lt;br&gt;
474 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;I have to support Katharine of
475Aragon on this one; her marriage to Arthur probably wasn't
476consummated.&amp;nbsp; They were both young and Arthur was already very
477ill.&amp;nbsp; Also, Katharine was deeply pious; it is difficult to believe
478she would lie to a papal legate about such a thing.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
479 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
480 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
481 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;img height=&quot;204&quot;
482 alt=&quot;portrait of King Henry VIII, c1542&quot;
483 src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/henry8faq1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;165&quot;
484 border=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
485 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;portrait of King
486Henry VIII, c1542&lt;br&gt;
487 &lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
488 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Ten&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Why did
489Henry VIII have six wives?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
490 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Henry had six wives because....&lt;/font&gt;
491 &lt;br&gt;
492 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;He had the first wife because he was
493betrothed to her by his father.&amp;nbsp; He had the second wife because he
494fell in love and also needed a legitimate male heir.&amp;nbsp; He had the
495third wife because he still needed a male heir.&amp;nbsp; He had the fourth
496wife because of diplomatic reasons.&amp;nbsp; He had the fifth wife because
497he fell in love again.&amp;nbsp; He had the sixth wife because he was old
498and sick and grouchy and needed a companion and nurse who wouldn't give
499him too much trouble.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
500 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;a
501 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fwives.html&quot;&gt;To learn
502more about Henry VIII's six wives, visit their website.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
503 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
504 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
505&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
506 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Ten-a&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Who were
507the six wives?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
508 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;They were (in order) Katharine of
509Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard and
510Katharine Parr.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
511 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
512 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
513&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
514 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Eleven&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Did Henry
515VIII really murder all his wives?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
516 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;No, only two of the six wives were
517executed - the second wife, Anne Boleyn, and the fifth wife, Catherine
518Howard.&amp;nbsp; His first wife died of natural causes.&amp;nbsp; His third
519wife died from childbirth complications.&amp;nbsp; His fourth wife was
520divorced and outlived him.&amp;nbsp; And the sixth wife outlived him as
521well.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
522 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
523 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
524&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
525 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Eleven-a&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;What
526was the 'King's Great Matter'?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
527 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;This refers to Henry VIII's attempts
528to annul his marriage Katharine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn.&amp;nbsp;
529It consumed several years of his reign. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;font
530 face=&quot;Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
531 &lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;It also involved the dissolution of all Catholic
532monasteries in England.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
533 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
534 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
535&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
536 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Eleven-b&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;What
537was the Reformation?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
538 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;The Reformation refers to a period
539in the early 16th century in which the Roman Catholic Church was
540challenged by a new form of Christianity collectively known as
541Protestantism.&amp;nbsp; The Catholic Church was both a religious and
542political institution; by the 16th century, corruption was widespread
543and many Christians were disappointed in the excesses and abuses of
544church leaders.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
545 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;The Reformation began in 1517 when a
546German priest named Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses on the
547door of a royal church in Wittenberg.&amp;nbsp; Luther did not want to
548start a new religion; he merely wanted to reform the papacy.&amp;nbsp;
549However, a few years later, Pope Leo X excommunicated him.&amp;nbsp;
550Luther's main philosophical idea was 'justification by faith', the idea
551that salvation is granted as a gift through God's grace and not through
552a priestly intermediary.&amp;nbsp; He also advocated marriage for the
553clergy.&amp;nbsp; His ideas were revolutionary and scandalous, but also
554very popular.&amp;nbsp; They represented an attempt to bring religious
555faith back to the people and end long-standing corruption within the
556church.&amp;nbsp; But the doctrine of 'justification by faith' also sharply
557curtailed the church's power over spirituality, making it a matter of
558personal debate and belief.&amp;nbsp; As Lady Jane Grey, the Nine Days'
559Queen of England, wrote of her Protestant faith in 1554, 'I ground my
560faith upon God's word, and not upon the church....&amp;nbsp; The faith of
561the church must be tried by God's word, and not God's word by the
562church; neither yet my faith.'&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
563 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;In England, the Reformation was
564mainly associated with Henry VIII's attempts to annul his marriage to
565Katharine of Aragon.&amp;nbsp; When the papacy refused to annul their union
566due to the political pressure of Katharine's nephew, Holy Roman Emperor
567Charles V, Henry was outraged.&amp;nbsp; He spent several years attempting
568to persuade the pope to change his mind.&amp;nbsp; In the end, he simply
569declared himself Supreme Head of the Church of England and confiscated
570all church lands and money in his country.&amp;nbsp; This is known to
571history as 'the dissolution of the monasteries.' &amp;nbsp;However, Henry
572VIII remained a spiritual Catholic; he disliked Luther's ideas and was
573never a Protestant himself.&amp;nbsp; He simply rejected Roman Catholic
574influence in England.&amp;nbsp; But he had unwittingly opened up the door
575to dramatic changes.&amp;nbsp; From 1533 onwards, the influence of the
576Roman Catholic Church in England declined while the new ideas of the
577Reformation began to slowly gain adherents.&amp;nbsp; The resulting
578religious convulsions would consume most of Europe for the entire
579century.&amp;nbsp; In Tudor England, the conflict between the old faith and
580the new consumed its rulers.&amp;nbsp; Henry VIII was a lapsed Catholic;
581his successor Edward VI was a devout Protestant; his successor Mary I
582was a devout Catholic; her successor Elizabeth I was, understandably
583enough, a religious pragmatist.&amp;nbsp; However, she came into conflict
584with her Catholic cousin, Mary, queen of Scots.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
585 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
586 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
587&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
588 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Twelve&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;How did
589Henry VIII die?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
590 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Henry had been in ill health for
591some time.&amp;nbsp; He was obese and this led to many complications in his
592health, such as fevers, headaches and ulcers.&amp;nbsp; He died on 28
593January 1547 after suffering through a bad fever; he was bled during
594his illness, which undoubtedly contributed to his death.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
595 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;a
596 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fhenry8.html&quot;&gt;To learn
597more about Henry VIII's life, visit his website.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
598 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
599 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
600&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
601 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirteen&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;How did
602Katharine of Aragon die?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
603 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Contrary to rumor, Katharine was not
604poisoned by Henry VIII.&amp;nbsp; If he had been that ruthless, he would
605have killed her years before and saved himself the whole trouble of his
606'Great Matter'.&amp;nbsp; Most historians believe she died of cancer.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
607 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To learn more about Katharine of Aragon, &lt;a
608 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2faragon.html&quot;&gt;visit her
609website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
610 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
611 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
612&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
613 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirteena&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt; Why do you spell
614Katharine's name as you do?&amp;nbsp; (And why do you spell Catherine
615Howard and Katharine Parr's differently?)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
616I spell Katharine of Aragon's name as it is spelled on her tomb at
617Peterborough.&amp;nbsp; I chose to spell Catherine Howard's with a 'C'
618because it's spelled thus by LB Smith in his biography of Henry VIII's
619fifth queen.&amp;nbsp; Katharine Parr's name is spelled that way to differentiate
620 her from the wife who preceded her.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font
621 size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
622TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
623&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
624 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fourteen&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Was
625Anne Boleyn really a witch?&amp;nbsp; Did she have an extra finger?&amp;nbsp;
626Did she really commit adultery and have an incestuous affair with her
627brother?&amp;nbsp; How many times was she pregnant as Queen?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
628 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;No, Anne Boleyn was not a
629witch.&amp;nbsp; Yes, she did have a small growth on one hand which some
630have called an extra finger.&amp;nbsp; No, she did not commit adultery or
631have an incestuous affair with her brother.&amp;nbsp; Even her enemies
632admitted the charges were false, simply used as excuses to execute
633her.&amp;nbsp; She was pregnant at least three times, but only gave birth
634to one living child - a baby girl who would grow up to be Elizabeth I.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
635 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To learn more about Anne Boleyn, &lt;a
636 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fboleyn.html&quot;&gt;visit her
637website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
638 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
639 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
640&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
641 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fifteen&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Where is
642Anne Boleyn buried?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
643 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Anne Boleyn is buried at the chapel
644of St Peter ad Vincula at the Tower of London.&amp;nbsp; She is not buried
645in a regular coffin, however, since one was not provided; instead, her
646body was forced into an old arrow chest.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
647 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
648 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
649 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;img height=&quot;165&quot;
650 alt=&quot;miniature portrait of Jane Seymour by Lucas Horenbout&quot;
651 src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/seymourfaq.jpg&quot; width=&quot;166&quot;
652 border=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
653 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;miniature portrait
654of Jane Seymour by Lucas Horenbout&lt;br&gt;
655 &lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
656 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Sixteen&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Did Jane
657Seymour die of complications from a Caesarean section?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
658 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;This rumor has been around for a
659long time, but it's not true.&amp;nbsp; Jane actually lived several days
660after the birth of her son, Edward, and was able to greet
661well-wishers.&amp;nbsp; But she soon succumbed to a violent fever and
662died.&amp;nbsp; Most historians believe she died from puerperal sepsis, an
663infection which killed many new mothers.&amp;nbsp; Keep in mind that, even
664today, childbirth is a dangerous and bloody business.&amp;nbsp; In the 16th
665century, standards of hygiene were very lax.&amp;nbsp; Puerperal sepsis
666caused severe fevers and delusions; it was almost always fatal.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
667 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Henry VIII's sixth wife, Katharine
668Parr, would also die from it.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
669 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To learn more about Jane Seymour, &lt;a
670 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fseymour.html&quot;&gt;visit her
671website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
672 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
673 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
674&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
675 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Seventeen&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Was
676Anne of Cleves really that ugly?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
677 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;It's ironic to me that, of all of
678Henry's six wives, the one who is most attractive to modern eyes is the
679one he divorced for being a 'Flanders mare'.&amp;nbsp; You can &lt;a
680 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=0&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fwww.marileecody.com%2fimages.htmll&quot;&gt;look at portraits of
681Anne&lt;/a&gt; (one is below this answer) and decide for yourself.&amp;nbsp; It
682was probably a simple case of 'chemistry', or a lack thereof.&amp;nbsp; You
683want to kiss some people and you don't want to kiss others - why?&amp;nbsp;
684Henry VIII simply wasn't attracted to her but that doesn't mean she was
685ugly; it simply means she wasn't his type.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
686 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To learn more about Anne of Cleves, &lt;a
687 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fcleves.html&quot;&gt;visit her
688website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
689 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
690 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
691 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;img height=&quot;163&quot;
692 alt=&quot;miniature portrait of Anne of Cleves by Hans Holbein&quot;
693 src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/clevesfaq.jpg&quot; width=&quot;166&quot;
694 border=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
695 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;miniature portrait
696of Anne of Cleves by Hans Holbein&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
697 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Eighteen&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
698 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;What happened to Anne of
699Cleves after Henry divorced her?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
700 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Anne remained in England, where she
701was treated with great respect and honor.&amp;nbsp; Henry called her his
702'sister' and she was given lots of money and lands in their divorce
703settlement.&amp;nbsp; She came to court regularly and enjoyed the life of
704an independent, wealthy woman.&amp;nbsp; She also became quite fond of
705English beer.&amp;nbsp; I think we can agree that she was probably the
706happiest of the six wives.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
707 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
708 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
709&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
710 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Nineteen&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Did
711Catherine Howard commit adultery while Queen of England?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
712 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Probably.&amp;nbsp; You can read her
713letter to Thomas Culpeper &lt;a
714 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fletter13.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
715 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To learn more about Catherine Howard, &lt;a
716 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fhoward.html&quot;&gt;visit her
717website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
718 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
719 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
720&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
721 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Twenty&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Where is
722Catherine Howard buried?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
723 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;She is buried at the chapel of St
724Peter ad Vincula, along with her cousin Anne Boleyn and other victims
725of Henry VIII.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
726 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
727 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
728&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
729 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Twenty-one&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;How
730many times was Katharine Parr married?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
731 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Katharine was married four
732times.&amp;nbsp; Henry VIII was her third husband.&amp;nbsp; She had one child
733with her fourth husband, and died of puerperal sepsis shortly
734afterwards.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
735 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To learn more about Katharine Parr, &lt;a
736 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fparr.html&quot;&gt;visit her
737website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
738 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
739 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
740&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
741 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Twenty-two&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Was
742Katharine Parr imprisoned by Henry VIII?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
743 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Almost, but her quick wit and
744instinct for survival saved her.&amp;nbsp; Religious conservatives at
745Henry's court attempted to persuade the king his wife was a
746heretic.&amp;nbsp; After being lectured one too many times on religious
747matters by Katharine, Henry was inclined to agree.&amp;nbsp; Katharine was
748warned of the plot and, without letting on to the king, told him she
749was grateful to talk about such matters with him so he could guide her
750in the correct direction.&amp;nbsp; His ego soothed, the king again favored
751her.&amp;nbsp; When guards came to arrest Katharine, Henry personally
752berated them and protected her.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
753 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
754 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
755&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
756 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Twenty-three&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;What
757happened to Henry VIII's sisters, Margaret and Mary Tudor?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
758 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Margaret married the king of
759Scotland, James IV, and upon his death, she married the earl of
760Angus.&amp;nbsp; Mary wed the king of France and, upon his death, she wed
761the duke of Suffolk.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
762 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To learn more about Mary Tudor, &lt;a
763 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fcitizens%2fbrandon.html&quot;&gt;visit her
764website&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp; To learn more about Margaret Tudor, &lt;a
765 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2frelative%2fmargaret.html&quot;&gt;visit
766her website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
767 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
768 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
769&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
770 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Twenty-four&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Did
771Henry VIII execute a lot of people?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
772 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;He executed a lot of people on
773trumped-up charges, or what is commonly termed 'judicial murder'.&amp;nbsp;
774He was very capricious and tyrannical, particularly as he grew
775older.&amp;nbsp; He was also sensitive to other claims on the Tudor throne;
776for that reason, he imprisoned or executed most of his Plantagenet
777relatives.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
778 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
779 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
780&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
781 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Twenty-five&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Did
782Henry VIII have a legitimate reason to divorce Katharine of Aragon?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
783 &lt;br&gt;
784 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Yes.&amp;nbsp; Other queens were
785divorced for a lot less.&amp;nbsp; The annulment would have been granted if
786Katharine's nephew had not been Holy Roman Emperor.&amp;nbsp; His position
787gave him great influence over papal policy.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
788 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
789 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
790&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
791 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Twenty-six&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;How
792did Edward VI die?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
793 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Edward died of tuberculosis.&amp;nbsp;
794Recently, historians and doctors suggested that it may have been
795complicated by measles.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
796 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;To learn more about Edward VI, &lt;a
797 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fedward6.html&quot;&gt;visit his
798website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
799 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
800 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
801&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
802 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Six-a&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Who is the
803'Nine Days Queen'?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
804 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;The description refers to Lady Jane
805Grey, the Tudor cousin who ruled England for just nine days in
8061553.&amp;nbsp; She was later executed by Mary I.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
807 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To learn more about Lady Jane Grey, &lt;a
808 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2frelative%2fjanegrey.html&quot;&gt;visit
809her website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
810 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
811 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
812&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
813 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Twenty-eight&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Did
814Lady Jane Grey want to be Queen of England?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
815 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;No, she did not.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
816 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
817 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
818&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
819 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Twenty-nine&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Did
820Lady Jane Grey love her husband?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
821 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;No, quite the contrary.&amp;nbsp; By all
822accounts, she disliked Guildford and refused to have him crowned king,
823though she appreciated his newfound maturity and composure upon their
824imprisonment.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
825 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
826 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
827&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
828 &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Twenty-nine&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font
829 face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Where is Lady Jane Grey buried?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
830 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;At the chapel of St Peter ad
831Vincula, alongside Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard.&amp;nbsp; As at Anne's
832execution, there was no coffin provided for Jane's corpse.&amp;nbsp; Her
833body lay beside the block for several hours before someone finally
834found a coffin.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
835 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
836 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
837 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
838 &lt;img height=&quot;213&quot;
839 alt=&quot;Mary Tudor as princess of England, by Master John, 1544&quot;
840 src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/mary1faq.jpg&quot; width=&quot;165&quot;
841 border=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
842 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;portrait of
843Princess Mary Tudor in 1544, by Master John&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
844 &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
845 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirty&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Why is
846Mary I called 'Bloody Mary'?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
847 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Several hundred Protestants were
848burned as heretics during her reign.&amp;nbsp; Hence, she is called 'Bloody
849Mary'.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
850 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To learn more about Mary I, &lt;a
851 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fmary1.html&quot;&gt;visit her
852website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
853 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
854 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
855&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
856 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirty-a&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Are
857there two Mary Tudors at this site?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
858 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Yes, one is Mary Tudor, sister of
859Henry VIII.&amp;nbsp; The other is Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII.&lt;/font&gt;
860 &lt;br&gt;
861 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
862 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
863&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
864 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirty-one&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Did
865Mary I really hate her half-sister, Elizabeth?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
866 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Yes.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
867 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
868 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
869&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
870 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirty-two&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Was
871Mary I ever pregnant during her marriage to Philip of Spain?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
872 &lt;br&gt;
873 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;No.&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font
874 face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;She thought she was pregnant - she hoped she
875was - but it was probably an 'hysterical pregnancy'.&amp;nbsp; Her
876menstrual cycle was always irregular and she had a distended stomach,
877possibly from a tumor.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
878 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
879 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
880&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
881 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirty-three&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;What
882were Mary's last words?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
883 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;It is rumored she said that if her
884body was cut open, the words 'Calais' and 'Philip' would be found
885engraved upon her heart.&amp;nbsp; It is an apocryphal story.&amp;nbsp; Calais
886was the last English outpost on the continent, lost during her reign,
887and Philip was the beloved husband who had abandoned her.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
888 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
889 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
890&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
891 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirty-four&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Where
892is Mary I buried?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
893 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;In Westminster Abbey, beside her
894half-sister, Elizabeth I.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
895 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
896 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
897&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
898 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirty-five&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Was
899Elizabeth I truly a great queen - or did her ministers do all the work?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
900 &lt;br&gt;
901 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;She was truly a great queen.&amp;nbsp;
902Though she had good ministers, chief among them William Cecil,
903Elizabeth - like her father - was always in charge.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
904 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To learn more about Elizabeth I, &lt;a
905 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2feliz.html&quot;&gt;visit her
906website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
907 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
908 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
909 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;img height=&quot;217&quot;
910 alt=&quot;the Armada Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I, by George Gower&quot;
911 src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/eliz2faq.jpg&quot; width=&quot;165&quot;
912 border=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
913 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;The Armada Portrait
914of Queen Elizabeth I, by George Gower&lt;br&gt;
915 &lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
916 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirty-six&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;How
917smart was Elizabeth I?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
918 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Very smart.&amp;nbsp; She was
919undoubtedly one of the most (if not the most) intelligent monarchs to
920rule England.&amp;nbsp; She was always a dedicated scholar and genuinely
921loved to study and learn.&amp;nbsp; Her tutor Roger Ascham, and indeed
922everyone who met her, recognized and commented upon her
923intelligence.&amp;nbsp; Of course, this was believed to be a 'masculine'
924trait and only acceptable because of her special position as queen.&lt;/font&gt;
925 &lt;br&gt;
926 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
927 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
928&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
929 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirty-seven&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Did
930Elizabeth ever plan to marry anyone?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
931 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Probably not.&amp;nbsp; She used
932marriage negotiations as political tools, and she personally loved
933Robert Dudley.&amp;nbsp; But she was never enthusiastic about the prospect
934of marriage.&amp;nbsp; And who can blame her?&amp;nbsp; After the disastrous
935examples of her father and half-sister, Elizabeth had no reason to
936equate marriage with personal happiness.&amp;nbsp; She also realized that
937any marriage would end her authority as queen in her own right.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
938 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
939 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
940&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
941 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirty-eight&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Was
942Elizabeth really a 'Virgin Queen'?&amp;nbsp; Did she have secret lovers
943and/or children?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
944 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;She was probably a virgin.&amp;nbsp;
945It's difficult to imagine any secret affair remaining secret for
946long.&amp;nbsp; And birth control was tricky and untrustworthy in the 16th
947century.&amp;nbsp; She knew that any affair would risk a pregnancy - and
948that would destroy her life.&amp;nbsp; Furthermore, it is worth noting
949Elizabeth's own strict and methodical character, and the disdain she
950showed for women who could not control their feelings or appreciate the
951consequences of their actions.&amp;nbsp; Consider her opinions of her two
952cousins, Mary, queen of Scots and Catherine Grey.&amp;nbsp; Both rushed
953into hasty, inappropriate and passionate unions and both had disastrous
954results.&amp;nbsp; Elizabeth looked down upon them both, remarking that
955they would do well to remember their high positions in life and its
956attendant responsibilities.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
957 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;She lamented her lost opportunities
958for love and a family of her own.&amp;nbsp; But she was queen and it was an
959exalted and lonely position.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
960 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;No, she never had children.&amp;nbsp;
961It's fun to read theories that she was the mother of Bacon - or
962Shakespeare - or was even Shakespeare himself.... but could she really
963keep a pregnancy secret?&amp;nbsp; Foreign ambassadors paid her servants to
964learn every intimate detail of her life.&amp;nbsp; Upon hearing some gossip
965about her relationship with Dudley, Elizabeth observed that a thousand
966eyes were always upon her so how could she do anything scandalous?&lt;/font&gt;
967 &lt;br&gt;
968 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
969 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
970&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
971 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Thirty-nine&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Why
972is the 1588 battle with the Spanish Armada so famous?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
973 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Because England was a small nation
974with a little navy and they were facing the greatest power in the
975world.&amp;nbsp; And they defeated it, with help from Mother Nature.&amp;nbsp;
976It marked the beginning of England's mastery of the seas.&amp;nbsp; The
977great history of the English navy began, as did serious English
978exploration and colonization.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
979 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
980 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
981&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
982 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fourty&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Why are
983there so many portraits of Elizabeth I?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
984 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Because she ruled for such a long
985time (45 years) and because she understood the value of
986propaganda.&amp;nbsp; Her portraits were iconographic; they represented the
987queen in all her majesty, triumphant and beautiful.&amp;nbsp; They
988symbolized the confidence and pride of her nation.&amp;nbsp; It was also a
989sign of loyalty to have portraits of the queen in your house.&amp;nbsp;
990Many nobles commissioned portraits, or copies of official portraits.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
991 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To view portraits of Elizabeth I, with
992commentary, &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=0&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fwww.marileecody.com%2feliz1-images.html&quot;&gt;visit
993the Elizabethan Images webpage&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
994 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
995 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
996&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
997 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fourty-one&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Where
998is Elizabeth I buried?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
999 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;In Westminster Abbey, beside her
1000half-sister Mary I.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1001 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1002 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1003&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
1004 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fourty-two&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Why
1005was Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1006 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Mary fled to England after losing a
1007battle against her Scottish foes.&amp;nbsp; She was seeking Elizabeth's aid
1008in restoring her to the throne of Scotland.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
1009 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;To learn more about Mary, queen of Scots, &lt;a
1010 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2frelative%2fmaryqos.html&quot;&gt;visit her
1011website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
1012 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1013 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1014&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
1015 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fourty-two-a&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;How
1016long was Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1017 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Mary was imprisoned from 1568 to
10181587.&amp;nbsp; She was just 25 years old when she arrived in England and
101944 years old when she was executed.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1020 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1021 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
1022 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;img height=&quot;244&quot;
1023 alt=&quot;portrait of Mary, queen of Scots, c1558&quot;
1024 src=&quot;_httpdocimg_/maryqosfaq.jpg&quot; width=&quot;165&quot;
1025 border=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
1026 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;portrait of Mary,
1027queen of Scots, c1558&lt;br&gt;
1028 &lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
1029 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fourty-two&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Are
1030Mary, queen of Scots and Mary Tudor the same person?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1031 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;No.&amp;nbsp; Mary Tudor was Henry
1032VIII's sister.&amp;nbsp; Mary, queen of Scots was the granddaughter of
1033Margaret Tudor, Henry VIII's sister.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1034 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1035 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1036&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
1037 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fourty-three&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Why
1038did Elizabeth I have Mary, queen of Scots killed?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1039 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Because she was conniving to have
1040Elizabeth assassinated and herself made queen of England.&amp;nbsp; In
1041fairness to Mary, she only began plotting after being imprisoned for
1042several years and it was clear she would never be released.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1043 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1044 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1045&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
1046 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fourty-four&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Was
1047Mary, queen of Scots guilty of the crimes for which she was executed?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
1048 &lt;br&gt;
1049 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Yes, probably.&amp;nbsp; She even
1050admitted to plotting against Elizabeth, but said it was only to gain
1051her freedom.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1052 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1053 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1054&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
1055 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fourty-six&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Where
1056is Mary, queen of Scots buried?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1057 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;In Westminster Abbey.&amp;nbsp; Her body
1058was moved there by her son, James, who became king of England in 1603.&lt;/font&gt;
1059 &lt;br&gt;
1060 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1061 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
1062 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
1063 &lt;a name=&quot;Fourty-sixa&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Why is Mary, queen of Scots's last name
1064sometimes spelled 'Stewart' and other times 'Stuart'?&lt;br&gt;
1065 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;In Scotland, her family name was
1066spelled 'Stewart'.&amp;nbsp; However, Mary was half-French and spent her
1067formative years in France.&amp;nbsp; Therefore, she adopted the French
1068spelling of Stewart, which was 'Stuart'.&amp;nbsp; (She also signed her
1069name 'Marie', which was the French spelling of her first name.)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
1070 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1071 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
1072 &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fourty-seven&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Why
1073did Elizabeth I leave her throne to James I of Scotland?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1074 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;James was Elizabeth's closest male
1075relative.&amp;nbsp; He was part Tudor as well, being the great-grandson of
1076Margaret Tudor, eldest daughter of the first Tudor king, Henry VII.&lt;/font&gt;
1077 &lt;br&gt;
1078 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1079 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1080&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
1081 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fourty-eight&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;What
1082dynasty followed the Tudors?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1083 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;The Stuart dynasty followed the
1084Tudors, so called because their family name was Stuart/Stewart.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1085 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1086 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1087&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
1088 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fourty-nine&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Does
1089this website have a search engine?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1090 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Yes, it does.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a
1091 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fsearch.html&quot;&gt;Click here&lt;/a&gt; to
1092visit the Tudor England search engine.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1093 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1094 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1095&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;
1096 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Fifty&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;I am
1097quoting from this website for my paper / report.&amp;nbsp; How do I
1098correctly cite the source?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1099 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;The correct format is based upon
1100both the Turabian/Chicago and MLA styles.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1101 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Here is an example:&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1102 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot;&gt;Hanson, Marilee. &quot;Contemporary
1103Descriptions of Anne Boleyn.&quot; &lt;i&gt;EnglishHistory.net.&lt;/i&gt; 2004.
1104http://englishhistory.net/tudor/annedesc.html (11 April 2004).&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1105 &lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Please note: you must use
1106the year and date you read the source.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1107 &lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1108 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;br&gt;
1109&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
1110 &lt;/p&gt;
1111 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Update&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;When
1112was the site last updated?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
1113Please visit the &lt;a href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fnews.html&quot;&gt;Site
1114News&lt;/a&gt; page for the last update. &amp;nbsp;I don't post routine
1115maintenance there, only significant additions to the website.&lt;br&gt;
1116 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1117 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top&quot;&gt;TOP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
1118 &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;
1119 &lt;/p&gt;
1120 &lt;blockquote&gt;
1121 &lt;hr width=&quot;100%&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;
1122 &lt;center&gt;
1123 &lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial,Helvetica&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&lt;a
1124 href=&quot;_httpextlink_&amp;amp;rl=1&amp;amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor.html&quot;&gt;to Tudor England&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
1125 &lt;/center&gt;
1126 &lt;/blockquote&gt;
1127 &lt;/td&gt;
1128 &lt;td width=&quot;15%&quot; height=&quot;610&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
1129 &lt;/td&gt;
1130 &lt;/tr&gt;
1131 &lt;/tbody&gt;
1132&lt;/table&gt;
1133
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1136</Content>
1137</Section>
1138</Archive>
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