[28047] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE Archive SYSTEM "http://greenstone.org/dtd/Archive/1.0/Archive.dtd">
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| 3 | <Archive>
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| 4 | <Section>
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| 5 | <Description>
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| 6 | <Metadata name="gsdlsourcefilename">import/englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/fiveanne.html</Metadata>
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| 7 | <Metadata name="gsdldoctype">indexed_doc</Metadata>
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| 8 | <Metadata name="Plugin">HTMLPlugin</Metadata>
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| 9 | <Metadata name="FileSize">4799</Metadata>
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| 10 | <Metadata name="Source">fiveanne.html</Metadata>
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| 11 | <Metadata name="SourceFile">fiveanne.html</Metadata>
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| 12 | <Metadata name="Language">en</Metadata>
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| 13 | <Metadata name="Encoding">windows_1252</Metadata>
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| 14 | <Metadata name="Author">Marilee Mongello</Metadata>
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| 15 | <Metadata name="Content">The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</Metadata>
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| 16 | <Metadata name="Page_topic">The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</Metadata>
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| 17 | <Metadata name="Title">The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</Metadata>
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| 18 | <Metadata name="FileFormat">HTML</Metadata>
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| 19 | <Metadata name="URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/fiveanne.html</Metadata>
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| 20 | <Metadata name="UTF8URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/fiveanne.html</Metadata>
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| 21 | <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Tudor period|Monarchs</Metadata>
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| 22 | <Metadata name="Identifier">HASH845f746043a4af83ca5998</Metadata>
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[28812] | 23 | <Metadata name="lastmodified">1391133401</Metadata>
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[28811] | 24 | <Metadata name="lastmodifieddate">20140131</Metadata>
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[28812] | 25 | <Metadata name="oailastmodified">1391133726</Metadata>
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[28811] | 26 | <Metadata name="oailastmodifieddate">20140131</Metadata>
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[28047] | 27 | <Metadata name="assocfilepath">HASH845f.dir</Metadata>
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| 28 | <Metadata name="gsdlassocfile">boleynhoward.gif:image/gif:</Metadata>
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| 29 | </Description>
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| 30 | <Content>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <table border="0" cellpadding="3" width="100%" height="705">
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| 33 | <tr>
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| 34 | <td width="25%" height="29"></td>
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| 35 | <td valign="top" width="50%" height="29">&nbsp;</td>
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| 36 | <td width="25%" height="29"></td>
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| 37 | </tr>
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| 38 | <tr>
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| 39 | <td width="25%" height="41"></td>
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| 40 | <td width="50%" height="41" bgcolor="#000000">&nbsp;</td>
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| 41 | <td width="25%" height="41"></td>
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| 42 | </tr>
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| 43 | <tr>
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| 44 | <td width="25%" height="610"></td>
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| 45 | <td valign="top" width="50%" height="610" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
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| 46 | <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>
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| 47 | <p align="center">
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| 48 | <img border="0" src="_httpdocimg_/boleynhoward.gif" alt="The Boleyn-Howard Connection" width="349" height="262"></p>
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| 49 | <p align="left">Many
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| 50 |
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| 51 | historians and biographers mention that Catherine Howard was related in
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| 52 |
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| 53 | some way to Anne Boleyn.&nbsp; Historically, they are joined by a gruesome
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| 54 |
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| 55 | bond - they were the only two wives executed by King Henry VIII.&nbsp; Catherine
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| 56 |
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| 57 | married Henry just four years after Anne's execution; yet during those
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| 58 |
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| 59 | four years, he had married two other women (Jane Seymour and Anne of Cleves.)
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| 60 | </p>
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| 61 | <p align="left">Catherine and Anne were first cousins.&nbsp; Catherine's
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| 62 |
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| 63 | father, Lord Edmund Howard, was the brother of Anne Boleyn's mother, Lady
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| 64 |
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| 65 | Elizabeth Howard.&nbsp; Edmund and Elizabeth were the children of Thomas
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| 66 |
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| 67 | Howard, 2nd duke of Norfolk.&nbsp; However, despite their close familial
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| 68 |
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| 69 | ties, the two women never met.&nbsp; There are many obvious reasons for
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| 70 |
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| 71 | this - first of all, Anne was about fifteen years older than Catherine.&nbsp;
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| 72 |
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| 73 | Secondly, the Norfolk family was a tangled collection of cousins (far too
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| 74 |
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| 75 | many to list here) and, since Catherine was one of many children of a poor
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| 76 |
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| 77 | younger son, her status was relatively unimportant in the mid-1530s.&nbsp;
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| 78 |
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| 79 | Third, and perhaps most important, Anne Boleyn disliked her uncle Thomas
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| 80 |
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| 81 | Howard, the 3rd duke of Norfolk (and formerly earl of Surrey) - he was
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| 82 |
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| 83 | conniving, opportunistic, and arrogant.&nbsp; This perhaps affected her
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| 84 |
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| 85 | relationships with all her Norfolk cousins; the only family member she
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| 86 |
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| 87 | was noticeably close to was her brother, George.</p>
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| 88 | <p align="left">Anne and Norfolk were
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| 89 |
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| 90 | never close and he only barely managed to hide his dislike while she was
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| 91 |
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| 92 | queen.&nbsp; When she was arrested and tried, he made&nbsp;haste
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| 93 |
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| 94 | to distance himself from her at all costs.&nbsp; He also attended her trial and
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| 95 | passed judgment against her.&nbsp; His groveling was effective
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| 96 |
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| 97 | - and still worked four years later when yet another niece (Catherine Howard)
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| 98 |
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| 99 | was arrested.&nbsp; At Catherine's arrest, virtually every member of the
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| 100 |
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| 101 | Norfolk family was taken to the Tower - except the duke.&nbsp; His frantic
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| 102 |
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| 103 | letter to Henry VIII included insults of all his imprisoned relatives,
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| 104 |
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| 105 | most importantly the 'abominable deeds' of Anne and Catherine.&nbsp; He
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| 106 |
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| 107 | was certainly an unappealing character but, unlike so many others, he managed
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| 108 |
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| 109 | to survive in the treacherous Tudor court.&nbsp; Later imprisoned and with
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| 110 |
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| 111 | his goods seized by the king, Norfolk was condemned to death.&nbsp; Luckily, and
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| 112 | ironically, Henry
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| 113 |
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| 114 | VIII died without signing the warrant for his execution.</p>
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| 115 | <p align="left">&nbsp;</p>
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| 116 | <p align="center"><font size="2">
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| 117 | <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fboleyn.html">to the Anne
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| 118 | Boleyn website</a></font></p>
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| 119 | <p align="center"><font size="2">
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| 120 | <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fhoward.html">to the
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| 121 | Catherine Howard website<br></a></font></td>
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| 122 | <td width="25%" height="610"></td>
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| 123 | </tr>
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| 124 | </table>
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| 125 |
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| 126 |
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| 127 |
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| 130 | </Content>
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| 131 | </Section>
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| 132 | </Archive>
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