1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
|
---|
2 | <!DOCTYPE Archive SYSTEM "http://greenstone.org/dtd/Archive/1.0/Archive.dtd">
|
---|
3 | <Archive>
|
---|
4 | <Section>
|
---|
5 | <Description>
|
---|
6 | <Metadata name="gsdlsourcefilename">import/englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/fiveanne.html</Metadata>
|
---|
7 | <Metadata name="gsdldoctype">indexed_doc</Metadata>
|
---|
8 | <Metadata name="Plugin">HTMLPlugin</Metadata>
|
---|
9 | <Metadata name="FileSize">4799</Metadata>
|
---|
10 | <Metadata name="Source">fiveanne.html</Metadata>
|
---|
11 | <Metadata name="SourceFile">fiveanne.html</Metadata>
|
---|
12 | <Metadata name="Language">en</Metadata>
|
---|
13 | <Metadata name="Encoding">windows_1252</Metadata>
|
---|
14 | <Metadata name="Author">Marilee Mongello</Metadata>
|
---|
15 | <Metadata name="Content">The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</Metadata>
|
---|
16 | <Metadata name="Page_topic">The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</Metadata>
|
---|
17 | <Metadata name="Title">The Anne Boleyn-Catherine Howard Connection: The family ties between King Henry VIII's second and fifth wives</Metadata>
|
---|
18 | <Metadata name="FileFormat">HTML</Metadata>
|
---|
19 | <Metadata name="URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/fiveanne.html</Metadata>
|
---|
20 | <Metadata name="UTF8URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/fiveanne.html</Metadata>
|
---|
21 | <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Tudor period|Monarchs</Metadata>
|
---|
22 | <Metadata name="Identifier">HASH845f746043a4af83ca5998</Metadata>
|
---|
23 | <Metadata name="lastmodified">1378460702</Metadata>
|
---|
24 | <Metadata name="lastmodifieddate">20130906</Metadata>
|
---|
25 | <Metadata name="oailastmodified">1378460935</Metadata>
|
---|
26 | <Metadata name="oailastmodifieddate">20130906</Metadata>
|
---|
27 | <Metadata name="assocfilepath">HASH845f.dir</Metadata>
|
---|
28 | <Metadata name="gsdlassocfile">boleynhoward.gif:image/gif:</Metadata>
|
---|
29 | </Description>
|
---|
30 | <Content>
|
---|
31 |
|
---|
32 | <table border="0" cellpadding="3" width="100%" height="705">
|
---|
33 | <tr>
|
---|
34 | <td width="25%" height="29"></td>
|
---|
35 | <td valign="top" width="50%" height="29">&nbsp;</td>
|
---|
36 | <td width="25%" height="29"></td>
|
---|
37 | </tr>
|
---|
38 | <tr>
|
---|
39 | <td width="25%" height="41"></td>
|
---|
40 | <td width="50%" height="41" bgcolor="#000000">&nbsp;</td>
|
---|
41 | <td width="25%" height="41"></td>
|
---|
42 | </tr>
|
---|
43 | <tr>
|
---|
44 | <td width="25%" height="610"></td>
|
---|
45 | <td valign="top" width="50%" height="610" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
|
---|
46 | <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>
|
---|
47 | <p align="center">
|
---|
48 | <img border="0" src="_httpdocimg_/boleynhoward.gif" alt="The Boleyn-Howard Connection" width="349" height="262"></p>
|
---|
49 | <p align="left">Many
|
---|
50 |
|
---|
51 | historians and biographers mention that Catherine Howard was related in
|
---|
52 |
|
---|
53 | some way to Anne Boleyn.&nbsp; Historically, they are joined by a gruesome
|
---|
54 |
|
---|
55 | bond - they were the only two wives executed by King Henry VIII.&nbsp; Catherine
|
---|
56 |
|
---|
57 | married Henry just four years after Anne's execution; yet during those
|
---|
58 |
|
---|
59 | four years, he had married two other women (Jane Seymour and Anne of Cleves.)
|
---|
60 | </p>
|
---|
61 | <p align="left">Catherine and Anne were first cousins.&nbsp; Catherine's
|
---|
62 |
|
---|
63 | father, Lord Edmund Howard, was the brother of Anne Boleyn's mother, Lady
|
---|
64 |
|
---|
65 | Elizabeth Howard.&nbsp; Edmund and Elizabeth were the children of Thomas
|
---|
66 |
|
---|
67 | Howard, 2nd duke of Norfolk.&nbsp; However, despite their close familial
|
---|
68 |
|
---|
69 | ties, the two women never met.&nbsp; There are many obvious reasons for
|
---|
70 |
|
---|
71 | this - first of all, Anne was about fifteen years older than Catherine.&nbsp;
|
---|
72 |
|
---|
73 | Secondly, the Norfolk family was a tangled collection of cousins (far too
|
---|
74 |
|
---|
75 | many to list here) and, since Catherine was one of many children of a poor
|
---|
76 |
|
---|
77 | younger son, her status was relatively unimportant in the mid-1530s.&nbsp;
|
---|
78 |
|
---|
79 | Third, and perhaps most important, Anne Boleyn disliked her uncle Thomas
|
---|
80 |
|
---|
81 | Howard, the 3rd duke of Norfolk (and formerly earl of Surrey) - he was
|
---|
82 |
|
---|
83 | conniving, opportunistic, and arrogant.&nbsp; This perhaps affected her
|
---|
84 |
|
---|
85 | relationships with all her Norfolk cousins; the only family member she
|
---|
86 |
|
---|
87 | was noticeably close to was her brother, George.</p>
|
---|
88 | <p align="left">Anne and Norfolk were
|
---|
89 |
|
---|
90 | never close and he only barely managed to hide his dislike while she was
|
---|
91 |
|
---|
92 | queen.&nbsp; When she was arrested and tried, he made&nbsp;haste
|
---|
93 |
|
---|
94 | to distance himself from her at all costs.&nbsp; He also attended her trial and
|
---|
95 | passed judgment against her.&nbsp; His groveling was effective
|
---|
96 |
|
---|
97 | - and still worked four years later when yet another niece (Catherine Howard)
|
---|
98 |
|
---|
99 | was arrested.&nbsp; At Catherine's arrest, virtually every member of the
|
---|
100 |
|
---|
101 | Norfolk family was taken to the Tower - except the duke.&nbsp; His frantic
|
---|
102 |
|
---|
103 | letter to Henry VIII included insults of all his imprisoned relatives,
|
---|
104 |
|
---|
105 | most importantly the 'abominable deeds' of Anne and Catherine.&nbsp; He
|
---|
106 |
|
---|
107 | was certainly an unappealing character but, unlike so many others, he managed
|
---|
108 |
|
---|
109 | to survive in the treacherous Tudor court.&nbsp; Later imprisoned and with
|
---|
110 |
|
---|
111 | his goods seized by the king, Norfolk was condemned to death.&nbsp; Luckily, and
|
---|
112 | ironically, Henry
|
---|
113 |
|
---|
114 | VIII died without signing the warrant for his execution.</p>
|
---|
115 | <p align="left">&nbsp;</p>
|
---|
116 | <p align="center"><font size="2">
|
---|
117 | <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fboleyn.html">to the Anne
|
---|
118 | Boleyn website</a></font></p>
|
---|
119 | <p align="center"><font size="2">
|
---|
120 | <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fhoward.html">to the
|
---|
121 | Catherine Howard website<br></a></font></td>
|
---|
122 | <td width="25%" height="610"></td>
|
---|
123 | </tr>
|
---|
124 | </table>
|
---|
125 |
|
---|
126 |
|
---|
127 |
|
---|
128 | <!-- text below generated by server. PLEASE REMOVE --><!-- Counter/Statistics data collection code --><script language="JavaScript" src="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;href=http:%2f%2fhostingprod.com%2fjs%5fsource%2fgeov2.js"></script><script language="javascript">geovisit();</script><noscript><img src="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;el=direct&amp;href=http://visit.webhosting.yahoo.com/visit.gif?us1108082684" alt="setstats" border="0" width="1" height="1"></noscript>
|
---|
129 | <IMG SRC="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;el=direct&amp;href=http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=76001524&t=1108082684" ALT=1 WIDTH=1 HEIGHT=1>
|
---|
130 | </Content>
|
---|
131 | </Section>
|
---|
132 | </Archive>
|
---|