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10 | <Metadata name="Source">faq.html</Metadata>
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12 | <Metadata name="Language">en</Metadata>
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13 | <Metadata name="Encoding">windows_1252</Metadata>
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14 | <Metadata name="Page_topic">16th century England Tudor England FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Tudor England</Metadata>
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15 | <Metadata name="Content">16th century England Tudor England FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Tudor England</Metadata>
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16 | <Metadata name="Author">Marilee Mongello</Metadata>
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17 | <Metadata name="Title">Tudor England FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions about Tudor England</Metadata>
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18 | <Metadata name="FileFormat">HTML</Metadata>
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19 | <Metadata name="URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/faq.html</Metadata>
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20 | <Metadata name="UTF8URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/faq.html</Metadata>
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21 | <Metadata name="weblink"><a href="http://englishhistory.net/tudor/faq.html"></Metadata>
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22 | <Metadata name="webicon">_iconworld_</Metadata>
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24 | <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Tudor period|Others</Metadata>
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26 | <Metadata name="lastmodified">1373222156</Metadata>
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27 | <Metadata name="lastmodifieddate">20130708</Metadata>
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29 | <Metadata name="oailastmodifieddate">20130807</Metadata>
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40 | </Description>
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41 | <Content>
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42 | <table height="601" cellpadding="3" width="100%" border="0">
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43 | <tbody>
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44 | <tr>
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45 | <td width="14%" height="2"><br>
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46 | </td>
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47 | <td valign="top" width="71%" height="2">
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48 | <p align="center"></p>
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49 | <br>
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50 | </td>
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51 | <td width="15%" height="2"><br>
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52 | </td>
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53 | </tr>
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54 | <tr>
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55 | <td width="14%" height="21"><br>
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56 | </td>
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57 | <td width="71%" height="21" bgcolor="#000000"><br>
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58 | </td>
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59 | <td width="15%" height="21"><br>
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60 | </td>
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61 | </tr>
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62 | <tr>
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63 | <td width="14%" height="610"><br>
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64 | </td>
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65 | <td valign="top" width="71%" bgcolor="#ffffff" height="610">
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66 | <p align="center">
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67 | <br>
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68 | <img border="0"
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69 | src="_httpdocimg_/faqnew.gif" width="621"
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70 | height="129" alt="Tudor England FAQ Frequently Asked Questions"></p>
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71 | <p align="center"><b><font face="Arial" size="2">Simply click on
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72 | a question and you will be taken to the answer.</font></b></p>
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73 | <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>
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74 | <p>
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75 | <img border="2" src="_httpdocimg_/imagesbw.jpg" align="left" alt="black-and-white version of the van de Passe etching of Queen Elizabeth I" width="200" height="313"><a name="Top"></a><b><font face="Arial" size="+1">General
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76 | Questions</font></b><br>
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77 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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78 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#One">Who were the
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79 | Tudors?</a></font></b><br>
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80 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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81 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Two">When did they rule
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82 | England?</a></font></b><br>
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83 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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84 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Three">Why are they so
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85 | famous?</a></font></b><br>
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86 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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87 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Four">What did they
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88 | accomplish?</a></font></b><br>
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89 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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90 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Five">Can you give me a
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91 | brief history of Tudor England?</a></font></b></p>
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92 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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93 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Tree">Where can I view
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94 | the Tudor family tree?</a></font></b><br>
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95 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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96 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Six">Where can I look
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97 | at portraits of the Tudors?</a></font></b><br>
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98 | <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Rose"><b><font
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99 | face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">What is the 'Tudor Rose'?</font></b></a></p>
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100 | <p>
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101 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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102 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-nine">Does this
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103 | website have a search engine?</a></font></b><br>
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104 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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105 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fifty">I am quoting
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106 | from this website for my paper / report.&nbsp; How do I correctly cite
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107 | the source?<br>
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108 | </a><a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Update">When
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109 | was the site last updated?<br>
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110 | </a></font></b></p>
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111 | <p><font face="Arial"><b><font size="+1"><br>Specific Questions</font></b></font><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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112 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Seven"><br>
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113 | Was Henry VII really a miser?</a><a
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114 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Eight"><br>
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115 | Did Elizabeth of York really hate Henry VII?</a><a
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116 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Nine"><br>
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117 | Did Prince Arthur and Katharine of Aragon consummate their marriage?</a></font></b>
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118 | </p>
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119 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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120 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Ten">Why did Henry VIII
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121 | have six wives?</a></font></b> <br>
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122 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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123 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Ten-a">Who were the six
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124 | wives?</a></font></b> <br>
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125 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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126 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Eleven">Did Henry VIII
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127 | really murder all his wives?</a></font></b> <br>
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128 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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129 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Eleven-a">What was the
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130 | 'King's Great Matter'?</a></font></b> <br>
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131 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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132 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Eleven-b">What was the
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133 | Reformation?</a></font></b> <br>
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134 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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135 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twelve">How did Henry
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136 | VIII die?</a></font></b> </p>
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137 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"> <a
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138 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirteen">How did
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139 | Katharine of Aragon die?</a><br>
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140 | </font><font face="Arial"> <a
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141 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirteena">Why do you
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142 | spell Katharine's name as you do?</a>&nbsp; (And why do you spell
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143 | Catherine Howard and Katharine Parr's differently?)</font></b></p>
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144 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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145 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourteen">Was Anne
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146 | Boleyn really a witch?&nbsp; Did she have an extra finger?&nbsp; Did
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147 | she really commit adultery and have an incestuous affair with her
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148 | brother?&nbsp; How many times was she pregnant as Queen?</a></font></b>
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149 | <br>
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150 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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151 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fifteen">Where is Anne
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152 | Boleyn buried?</a></font></b> </p>
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153 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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154 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Sixteen">Did Jane
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155 | Seymour die of complications from a Caesarean section?</a></font></b> </p>
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156 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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157 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Seventeen">Was Anne of
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158 | Cleves really that ugly?</a></font></b> <br>
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159 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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160 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Eighteen">What happened
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161 | to Anne of Cleves after Henry divorced her?</a></font></b> </p>
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162 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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163 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Nineteen">Did Catherine
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164 | Howard commit adultery while Queen of England?</a></font></b> <br>
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165 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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166 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty">Where is
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167 | Catherine Howard buried?</a></font></b> </p>
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168 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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169 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-one">How many
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170 | times was Katharine Parr married?</a></font></b> <br>
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171 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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172 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-two">Was
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173 | Katharine Parr imprisoned by Henry VIII?</a></font></b> </p>
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174 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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175 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-three">What
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176 | happened to Henry VIII's sisters, Margaret and Mary Tudor?</a></font></b>
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177 | </p>
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178 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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179 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-four">Did Henry
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180 | VIII execute a lot of people?</a></font></b> </p>
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181 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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182 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-five">Did Henry
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183 | VIII have a legitimate reason to divorce Katharine of Aragon?</a></font></b>
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184 | </p>
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185 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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186 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-six">How did
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187 | Edward VI die?</a></font></b> </p>
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188 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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189 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Six-a">Who is the 'Nine
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190 | Days Queen'?</a></font></b> <br>
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191 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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192 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-seven">Did Lady
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193 | Jane Grey want to be Queen of England?</a></font></b> <br>
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194 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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195 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-eight">Did Lady
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196 | Jane Grey love her husband?</a></font></b> <br>
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197 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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198 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Twenty-nine">Where is
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199 | Lady Jane Grey buried?</a></font></b> </p>
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200 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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201 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty">Why is Mary I
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202 | called 'Bloody Mary'?</a></font></b> <br>
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203 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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204 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-a">Are there two
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205 | Mary Tudors at this site?</a></font></b> <br>
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206 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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207 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-one">Did Mary I
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208 | really hate her half-sister, Elizabeth?</a></font></b> <br>
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209 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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210 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-two">Was Mary I
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211 | ever pregnant during her marriage to Philip of Spain?</a></font></b> <br>
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212 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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213 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-three">What were
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214 | Mary I's last words?</a></font></b> <br>
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215 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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216 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-four">Where is
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217 | Mary I buried?</a></font></b> </p>
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218 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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219 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-five">Was
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220 | Elizabeth I truly a great queen - or did her ministers do all the work?</a></font></b>
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221 | <br>
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222 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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223 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-six">How smart
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224 | was Elizabeth I?</a></font></b> <br>
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225 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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226 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-seven">Did
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227 | Elizabeth ever plan to marry anyone?</a></font></b> <br>
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228 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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229 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-eight">Was
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230 | Elizabeth really a 'Virgin Queen'?&nbsp; Did she have secret lovers
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231 | and/or children?</a></font></b> <br>
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232 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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233 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Thirty-nine">Why is the
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234 | 1588 battle with the Spanish Armada so famous?</a></font></b> <br>
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235 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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236 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty">Why are there
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237 | so many portraits of Elizabeth I?</a></font></b> <br>
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238 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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239 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-one">Where is
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240 | Elizabeth I buried?</a></font></b> </p>
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241 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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242 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-two">Why was
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243 | Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?</a></font></b> <br>
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244 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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245 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-two-a">How long
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246 | was Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?</a></font></b> <br>
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247 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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248 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-three">Are Mary,
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249 | queen of Scots and Mary Tudor the same person?</a></font></b> <br>
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250 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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251 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-four">Why did
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252 | Elizabeth I have Mary, queen of Scots killed?</a></font></b> <br>
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253 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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254 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-five">Was Mary,
|
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255 | queen of Scots guilty of the crimes for which she was executed?</a></font></b>
|
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256 | <br>
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257 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"> <a
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258 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-six">Where is
|
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259 | Mary, queen of Scots buried?</a><br>
|
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260 | <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-sixa">Why
|
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261 | is Mary, queen of Scots's last name sometimes spelled 'Stewart' and
|
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262 | other times 'Stuart'?</a></font></b><a
|
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263 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-sixa"> </a> </p>
|
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264 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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265 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-seven">Why did
|
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266 | Elizabeth I leave her throne to James I of Scotland?</a></font></b> <br>
|
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267 | <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
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268 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Fourty-eight">What
|
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269 | dynasty followed the Tudors?</a></font></b></p>
|
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270 | <blockquote>
|
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271 | <hr width="100%"> </blockquote>
|
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272 | <p><br>
|
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273 | <a name="One"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Who were the
|
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274 | Tudors?</font></b> <br>
|
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275 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Tudors were a Welsh-English
|
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276 | family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603.&nbsp; Henry Tudor was the
|
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277 | son of Margaret Beaufort, who was descended from King Edward III
|
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278 | through an illegitimate line, and Edmund Tudor, the son of Princess
|
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279 | Catherine of Valois and her second husband, Owen Tudor.&nbsp; Through
|
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280 | Catherine of Valois, Jasper was the half-brother of the last
|
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281 | Lancastrian king, Henry VI.&nbsp; The Yorkist branch of the Plantagenet
|
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282 | dynasty would eventually seize the throne from the incompetent Henry
|
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283 | VI, but their reign ended when Richard III was killed at the battle of
|
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284 | Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485.&nbsp; Henry Tudor then claimed the
|
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285 | throne as King Henry VII.&nbsp; He promptly married Elizabeth of York,
|
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286 | daughter of the only successful Yorkist king, Edward IV, and niece of
|
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287 | Richard III.</font> <br>
|
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288 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Henry VII and Elizabeth of York's
|
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289 | second son, three of their grandchildren and one of their
|
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290 | great-grandchildren, would rule England as part of the Tudor
|
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291 | dynasty.&nbsp; When their rule ended, the throne passed to the Scottish
|
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292 | branch of their family - James I was the great-grandson of their
|
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293 | daughter, Margaret Tudor.</font></p>
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294 | <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Visit <a
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295 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fgenealog.html">Tudor Genealogy</a>
|
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296 | for more information.</font> <br>
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297 | <font size="-2"><a
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298 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
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299 | &nbsp; </p>
|
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300 | <p><a name="Two"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">When did
|
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301 | they rule England?</font></b> <br>
|
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302 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Tudors ruled England from 1485
|
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303 | to 1603.</font> <br>
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304 | <font size="-2"><a
|
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305 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
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306 | &nbsp; </p>
|
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307 | <p><a name="Three"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why are
|
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308 | they so famous?</font></b> <br>
|
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309 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Tudors are famous because their
|
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310 | dynasty was full of colorful characters and big events.&nbsp; Henry
|
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311 | VIII and his six wives.... the English reformation.... the tragic tale
|
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312 | of Lady Jane Grey.... the great intelligence of Elizabeth I and the
|
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313 | artistic accomplishments of her reign....&nbsp; During the sixteenth
|
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314 | century, England emerged from the medieval world.&nbsp; It was a time
|
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315 | of great change, most notably it marked the end of the Catholic church
|
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316 | in England.&nbsp; There was an attendant rise in nationalism, a new
|
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317 | spirit of confidence and patriotism swept the country.&nbsp; Great
|
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318 | naval exploits began the great English seafaring tradition.&nbsp;
|
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319 | Whether as pirates or officers or explorers, Elizabethan sailors
|
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320 | controlled the seas.&nbsp; And besides the political and religious
|
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321 | changes, the Tudors themselves were interesting and complex people.</font>
|
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322 | <br>
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323 | <font size="-2"><a
|
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324 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
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325 | &nbsp; </p>
|
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326 | <p><a name="Four"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What did
|
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327 | they accomplish?</font></b> <br>
|
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328 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Tudors were able to establish
|
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329 | England as a world power.&nbsp; They did so by positioning their
|
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330 | country as a peace-maker between the dueling powers of France and
|
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331 | Spain/the Holy Roman Empire.&nbsp; They also gave England a century of
|
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332 | dynastic stability.&nbsp; With the exception of Lady Jane Grey's brief
|
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333 | reign and Catholic attempts to place Mary, queen of Scots on Elizabeth
|
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334 | I's throne, most Tudor monarchs came to the throne - and remained on
|
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335 | the throne - unchallenged.&nbsp; This lengthy period of peace allowed
|
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336 | England a much-needed respite from the Lancastrian-Yorkist wars.&nbsp;
|
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337 | Government ran more efficiently; royal power replaced that of
|
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338 | aristocrats and there was a uniform system of justice and taxation
|
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339 | throughout the country.&nbsp; And, as always in times of peace, the
|
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340 | arts flourished.</font> <br>
|
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341 | <font size="-2"><a
|
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342 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
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343 | &nbsp; </p>
|
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344 | <p><a name="Five"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Can you
|
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345 | give me a brief history of Tudor England?</font></b> <br>
|
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346 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Tudor England began when Henry VII
|
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347 | became king in 1485.&nbsp; There were five Tudor monarchs, not counting
|
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348 | Lady Jane Grey who ruled for just nine days.&nbsp; The monarchs were,
|
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349 | in order, Henry VII (ruled from 1485 to 1509), his son Henry VIII
|
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350 | (ruled from 1509 to 1547), Edward VI, son of Henry VIII (ruled from
|
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351 | 1547 to 1553), Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII (ruled from 1553 to
|
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352 | 1558), and Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII (ruled from 1558 to
|
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353 | 1603.)&nbsp; The most powerful Tudor monarchs were Henry VIII and
|
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354 | Elizabeth I, though she was far more beloved of the English
|
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355 | people.&nbsp; Both were powerful personalities who were able to control
|
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356 | their squabbling councilors and answer the demands of an increasingly
|
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357 | vocal Parliament.&nbsp; Under Henry VII, the English government came to
|
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358 | be more stabilized and centralized.&nbsp; Under Henry VIII, English
|
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359 | authority was tested on the Continent, though even military victories
|
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360 | were too costly to maintain.&nbsp; A great victory over Scotland early
|
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361 | in his reign (1513) was most notable; the attendant confusion of its
|
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362 | northern neighbor was beneficial for England.&nbsp; Henry VIII's
|
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363 | desperate quest for a legitimate heir led to <a
|
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364 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Eleven-b">the
|
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365 | Reformation</a>; this was the end of the Catholic church's authority in
|
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366 | England.&nbsp; The king, unable to obtain an annulment, declared
|
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367 | himself Supreme Head of a new English church.&nbsp; He also sold or
|
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368 | destroyed most church property in England.&nbsp; His son, Edward VI,
|
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369 | was just a child when he inherited the throne but already known for his
|
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370 | piety and serious nature.&nbsp; His councilors continued to strengthen
|
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371 | the Protestant state, but their plans were dashed when Edward died at
|
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372 | 16 years of age.&nbsp; An attempt to place his Protestant cousin, Lady
|
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373 | Jane Grey, on the throne instead of the Catholic Princess Mary
|
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374 | failed.&nbsp; Mary was declared queen to great acclaim; she was
|
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375 | originally very popular even with the Protestants.&nbsp; But a policy
|
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376 | of religious persecution, a hated marriage with Philip of Spain, and
|
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377 | bad agricultural conditions (as well as the debt she had inherited from
|
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378 | her father and brother) soon made Mary broken-hearted and
|
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379 | disliked.&nbsp; She was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth, who
|
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380 | was a religious pragmatist and passionately devoted to her
|
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381 | country.&nbsp; Elizabeth's policy of toleration was extended to both
|
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382 | the religious and political spheres.&nbsp; Above all else, she avoided
|
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383 | extremism at all costs.&nbsp; She often prevaricated over major
|
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384 | decisions, unwilling to commit to an action before all diplomatic
|
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385 | attempts failed.&nbsp; This infuriated many of her advisors, but it
|
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386 | also gave her country the religious and political peace it needed to
|
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387 | thrive.&nbsp; Her reign was marked by the great victory over the
|
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388 | Spanish Armada in 1588, the artistic achievements of men such as
|
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389 | Shakespeare and Bacon, and English exploration and colonization of
|
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390 | North America.</font><br>
|
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391 | <font size="-2"><a
|
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392 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
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393 | <br>
|
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394 | </p>
|
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395 | <p><b><font face="Arial"><a name="Tree"></a>Where can I view the
|
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396 | Tudor family tree?</font></b><br>
|
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397 | <font face="Arial">Visit the <a
|
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398 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fgenealogy.html">Tudor Genealogy</a>
|
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399 | site.&nbsp; It has a graphic image of the family tree and a more
|
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400 | detailed text genealogy.<br>
|
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401 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
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402 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
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403 | <p><br>
|
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404 | </p>
|
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405 | <p><a name="Six"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Where can I
|
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406 | look at portraits of the Tudors?</font></b> <br>
|
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407 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">You can visit the <a
|
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408 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;href=http:%2f%2fwww.marileecody.com%2fimages.html">Images</a> section of my
|
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409 | site.&nbsp; You can also visit <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;href=http:%2f%2ftudorhistory.org">Tudorhistory.org</a>
|
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410 | and <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;href=http:%2f%2fwww.tudor-portraits.com">Tudor-portraits.com</a>.</font>&nbsp;<br>
|
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411 | <font size="-2"><a
|
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412 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font>&nbsp;</p>
|
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413 | <p><br>
|
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414 | <b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><a name="Rose"></a>What
|
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415 | is the 'Tudor Rose'?<br>
|
---|
416 | </font></b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">The Tudor
|
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417 | Rose is the most famous symbol of the Tudor dynasty. &nbsp;You can see
|
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418 | a beautiful example of it on <a
|
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419 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor.html">the main page</a>.
|
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420 | &nbsp;It shows the petals of a red rose enfolding the petals of a white
|
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421 | rose. &nbsp;The red rose was the symbol of the House of Lancaster and
|
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422 | the white rose was the symbol of the House of York. &nbsp;Henry VII was
|
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423 | the first Tudor king and a Lancastrian. &nbsp;He married Princess
|
---|
424 | Elizabeth of York. &nbsp; Their marriage was the literal union of both
|
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425 | houses, symbolized by the new 'Tudor Rose'. &nbsp;Also, the Wars of the
|
---|
426 | Roses were thus called because they represented the 15th century
|
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427 | struggle between Lancaster and York for the throne of England. &nbsp;<br>
|
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428 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
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429 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font><br>
|
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430 | </p>
|
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431 | <p align="center"> <img height="225"
|
---|
432 | alt="sketch of Henry Tudor while he was exiled in France"
|
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433 | src="_httpdocimg_/henry7faq.jpg" width="165"
|
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434 | border="1"></p>
|
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435 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">sketch of the
|
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436 | future King Henry VII while he was exiled in France<br>
|
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437 | </font></p>
|
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438 | <p><a name="Seven"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was Henry
|
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439 | VII really a miser?</font></b> <br>
|
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440 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Henry VII, the first Tudor king, was
|
---|
441 | tight-fisted with money.&nbsp; His tax inspectors were notorious and
|
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442 | despised.&nbsp; However, the English treasury was nearly empty after
|
---|
443 | years of wars.&nbsp; Henry was determined to create a stable government
|
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444 | and all governments need money to run.&nbsp; It became something of an
|
---|
445 | obsession with him, particularly in his later years.&nbsp; But to his
|
---|
446 | credit, he left a healthy treasury to his son and heir, Henry VIII -
|
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447 | which the latter promptly spent.</font> </p>
|
---|
448 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Henry VII, <a
|
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449 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fhenry7.html">visit his
|
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450 | website</a>.<br>
|
---|
451 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
452 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
453 | &nbsp; </p>
|
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454 | <p><a name="Eight"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
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455 | Elizabeth of York really hate Henry VII?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
456 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Many authors have argued that
|
---|
457 | Elizabeth hated Henry because he took the throne from her family and
|
---|
458 | she was forced to marry him.&nbsp; But all the contemporary accounts I
|
---|
459 | have read indicate they had a pleasant enough marriage.&nbsp; Henry VII
|
---|
460 | never had an affair and he genuinely mourned her death in 1503.&nbsp;
|
---|
461 | Elizabeth's life as queen was primarily domestic.&nbsp; Her motto
|
---|
462 | 'Humble and Reverent' sums up her character.</font> <br>
|
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463 | <font size="-2"><a
|
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464 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
465 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
466 | <p><a name="Nine"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did Prince
|
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467 | Arthur and Katharine of Aragon consummate their marriage?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
468 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">This question was very important
|
---|
469 | during Henry VIII's reign.&nbsp; He said his marriage to Katharine
|
---|
470 | should be annulled because she had been his brother's wife.&nbsp; He
|
---|
471 | disregarded the papal dispensation which had given them permission to
|
---|
472 | wed in 1509 by arguing that the Pope could not disregard the Bible
|
---|
473 | itself.&nbsp; There are passages in Leviticus which specifically forbid
|
---|
474 | a man taking his brother's wife as his own.&nbsp; Katharine swore that
|
---|
475 | she and Arthur had never consummated their marriage, as did her duenna.</font>
|
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476 | <br>
|
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477 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">I have to support Katharine of
|
---|
478 | Aragon on this one; her marriage to Arthur probably wasn't
|
---|
479 | consummated.&nbsp; They were both young and Arthur was already very
|
---|
480 | ill.&nbsp; Also, Katharine was deeply pious; it is difficult to believe
|
---|
481 | she would lie to a papal legate about such a thing.</font> <br>
|
---|
482 | <font size="-2"><a
|
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483 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> </p>
|
---|
484 | <p align="center"> <img height="204"
|
---|
485 | alt="portrait of King Henry VIII, c1542"
|
---|
486 | src="_httpdocimg_/henry8faq1.jpg" width="165"
|
---|
487 | border="2"></p>
|
---|
488 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">portrait of King
|
---|
489 | Henry VIII, c1542<br>
|
---|
490 | </font>&nbsp; </p>
|
---|
491 | <p><a name="Ten"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why did
|
---|
492 | Henry VIII have six wives?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
493 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Henry had six wives because....</font>
|
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494 | <br>
|
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495 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">He had the first wife because he was
|
---|
496 | betrothed to her by his father.&nbsp; He had the second wife because he
|
---|
497 | fell in love and also needed a legitimate male heir.&nbsp; He had the
|
---|
498 | third wife because he still needed a male heir.&nbsp; He had the fourth
|
---|
499 | wife because of diplomatic reasons.&nbsp; He had the fifth wife because
|
---|
500 | he fell in love again.&nbsp; He had the sixth wife because he was old
|
---|
501 | and sick and grouchy and needed a companion and nurse who wouldn't give
|
---|
502 | him too much trouble.</font></p>
|
---|
503 | <p><font face="Arial"><a
|
---|
504 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fwives.html">To learn
|
---|
505 | more about Henry VIII's six wives, visit their website.</a><br>
|
---|
506 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
507 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
508 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
509 | <p><a name="Ten-a"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Who were
|
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510 | the six wives?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
511 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">They were (in order) Katharine of
|
---|
512 | Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard and
|
---|
513 | Katharine Parr.</font> <br>
|
---|
514 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
515 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
516 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
517 | <p><a name="Eleven"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did Henry
|
---|
518 | VIII really murder all his wives?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
519 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No, only two of the six wives were
|
---|
520 | executed - the second wife, Anne Boleyn, and the fifth wife, Catherine
|
---|
521 | Howard.&nbsp; His first wife died of natural causes.&nbsp; His third
|
---|
522 | wife died from childbirth complications.&nbsp; His fourth wife was
|
---|
523 | divorced and outlived him.&nbsp; And the sixth wife outlived him as
|
---|
524 | well.</font> <br>
|
---|
525 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
526 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
527 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
528 | <p><a name="Eleven-a"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What
|
---|
529 | was the 'King's Great Matter'?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
530 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">This refers to Henry VIII's attempts
|
---|
531 | to annul his marriage Katharine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn.&nbsp;
|
---|
532 | It consumed several years of his reign. &nbsp;</font><small><small><small><small><small><big><big><big><font
|
---|
533 | face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br>
|
---|
534 | <font size="3">It also involved the dissolution of all Catholic
|
---|
535 | monasteries in England.</font></font></big></big></big></small></small></small></small></small><br>
|
---|
536 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
537 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
538 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
539 | <p><a name="Eleven-b"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What
|
---|
540 | was the Reformation?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
541 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Reformation refers to a period
|
---|
542 | in the early 16th century in which the Roman Catholic Church was
|
---|
543 | challenged by a new form of Christianity collectively known as
|
---|
544 | Protestantism.&nbsp; The Catholic Church was both a religious and
|
---|
545 | political institution; by the 16th century, corruption was widespread
|
---|
546 | and many Christians were disappointed in the excesses and abuses of
|
---|
547 | church leaders.</font> <br>
|
---|
548 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Reformation began in 1517 when a
|
---|
549 | German priest named Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses on the
|
---|
550 | door of a royal church in Wittenberg.&nbsp; Luther did not want to
|
---|
551 | start a new religion; he merely wanted to reform the papacy.&nbsp;
|
---|
552 | However, a few years later, Pope Leo X excommunicated him.&nbsp;
|
---|
553 | Luther's main philosophical idea was 'justification by faith', the idea
|
---|
554 | that salvation is granted as a gift through God's grace and not through
|
---|
555 | a priestly intermediary.&nbsp; He also advocated marriage for the
|
---|
556 | clergy.&nbsp; His ideas were revolutionary and scandalous, but also
|
---|
557 | very popular.&nbsp; They represented an attempt to bring religious
|
---|
558 | faith back to the people and end long-standing corruption within the
|
---|
559 | church.&nbsp; But the doctrine of 'justification by faith' also sharply
|
---|
560 | curtailed the church's power over spirituality, making it a matter of
|
---|
561 | personal debate and belief.&nbsp; As Lady Jane Grey, the Nine Days'
|
---|
562 | Queen of England, wrote of her Protestant faith in 1554, 'I ground my
|
---|
563 | faith upon God's word, and not upon the church....&nbsp; The faith of
|
---|
564 | the church must be tried by God's word, and not God's word by the
|
---|
565 | church; neither yet my faith.'</font> <br>
|
---|
566 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">In England, the Reformation was
|
---|
567 | mainly associated with Henry VIII's attempts to annul his marriage to
|
---|
568 | Katharine of Aragon.&nbsp; When the papacy refused to annul their union
|
---|
569 | due to the political pressure of Katharine's nephew, Holy Roman Emperor
|
---|
570 | Charles V, Henry was outraged.&nbsp; He spent several years attempting
|
---|
571 | to persuade the pope to change his mind.&nbsp; In the end, he simply
|
---|
572 | declared himself Supreme Head of the Church of England and confiscated
|
---|
573 | all church lands and money in his country.&nbsp; This is known to
|
---|
574 | history as 'the dissolution of the monasteries.' &nbsp;However, Henry
|
---|
575 | VIII remained a spiritual Catholic; he disliked Luther's ideas and was
|
---|
576 | never a Protestant himself.&nbsp; He simply rejected Roman Catholic
|
---|
577 | influence in England.&nbsp; But he had unwittingly opened up the door
|
---|
578 | to dramatic changes.&nbsp; From 1533 onwards, the influence of the
|
---|
579 | Roman Catholic Church in England declined while the new ideas of the
|
---|
580 | Reformation began to slowly gain adherents.&nbsp; The resulting
|
---|
581 | religious convulsions would consume most of Europe for the entire
|
---|
582 | century.&nbsp; In Tudor England, the conflict between the old faith and
|
---|
583 | the new consumed its rulers.&nbsp; Henry VIII was a lapsed Catholic;
|
---|
584 | his successor Edward VI was a devout Protestant; his successor Mary I
|
---|
585 | was a devout Catholic; her successor Elizabeth I was, understandably
|
---|
586 | enough, a religious pragmatist.&nbsp; However, she came into conflict
|
---|
587 | with her Catholic cousin, Mary, queen of Scots.</font> <br>
|
---|
588 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
589 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
590 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
591 | <p><a name="Twelve"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">How did
|
---|
592 | Henry VIII die?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
593 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Henry had been in ill health for
|
---|
594 | some time.&nbsp; He was obese and this led to many complications in his
|
---|
595 | health, such as fevers, headaches and ulcers.&nbsp; He died on 28
|
---|
596 | January 1547 after suffering through a bad fever; he was bled during
|
---|
597 | his illness, which undoubtedly contributed to his death.</font></p>
|
---|
598 | <p><font face="Arial"><a
|
---|
599 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fhenry8.html">To learn
|
---|
600 | more about Henry VIII's life, visit his website.</a><br>
|
---|
601 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
602 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
603 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
604 | <p><a name="Thirteen"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">How did
|
---|
605 | Katharine of Aragon die?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
606 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Contrary to rumor, Katharine was not
|
---|
607 | poisoned by Henry VIII.&nbsp; If he had been that ruthless, he would
|
---|
608 | have killed her years before and saved himself the whole trouble of his
|
---|
609 | 'Great Matter'.&nbsp; Most historians believe she died of cancer.</font></p>
|
---|
610 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Katharine of Aragon, <a
|
---|
611 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2faragon.html">visit her
|
---|
612 | website</a>.<br>
|
---|
613 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
614 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
615 | &nbsp;</p>
|
---|
616 | <p><a name="Thirteena"></a><b><font face="Arial"> Why do you spell
|
---|
617 | Katharine's name as you do?&nbsp; (And why do you spell Catherine
|
---|
618 | Howard and Katharine Parr's differently?)</font></b><font face="Arial"><br>
|
---|
619 | I spell Katharine of Aragon's name as it is spelled on her tomb at
|
---|
620 | Peterborough.&nbsp; I chose to spell Catherine Howard's with a 'C'
|
---|
621 | because it's spelled thus by LB Smith in his biography of Henry VIII's
|
---|
622 | fifth queen.&nbsp; Katharine Parr's name is spelled that way to differentiate
|
---|
623 | her from the wife who preceded her.</font><font
|
---|
624 | size="-2"><a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top"><br>
|
---|
625 | TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
626 | &nbsp;</p>
|
---|
627 | <p><a name="Fourteen"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
---|
628 | Anne Boleyn really a witch?&nbsp; Did she have an extra finger?&nbsp;
|
---|
629 | Did she really commit adultery and have an incestuous affair with her
|
---|
630 | brother?&nbsp; How many times was she pregnant as Queen?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
631 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No, Anne Boleyn was not a
|
---|
632 | witch.&nbsp; Yes, she did have a small growth on one hand which some
|
---|
633 | have called an extra finger.&nbsp; No, she did not commit adultery or
|
---|
634 | have an incestuous affair with her brother.&nbsp; Even her enemies
|
---|
635 | admitted the charges were false, simply used as excuses to execute
|
---|
636 | her.&nbsp; She was pregnant at least three times, but only gave birth
|
---|
637 | to one living child - a baby girl who would grow up to be Elizabeth I.</font></p>
|
---|
638 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Anne Boleyn, <a
|
---|
639 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fboleyn.html">visit her
|
---|
640 | website</a>.<br>
|
---|
641 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
642 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
643 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
644 | <p><a name="Fifteen"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Where is
|
---|
645 | Anne Boleyn buried?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
646 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Anne Boleyn is buried at the chapel
|
---|
647 | of St Peter ad Vincula at the Tower of London.&nbsp; She is not buried
|
---|
648 | in a regular coffin, however, since one was not provided; instead, her
|
---|
649 | body was forced into an old arrow chest.</font> <br>
|
---|
650 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
651 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
---|
652 | <p align="center"> <img height="165"
|
---|
653 | alt="miniature portrait of Jane Seymour by Lucas Horenbout"
|
---|
654 | src="_httpdocimg_/seymourfaq.jpg" width="166"
|
---|
655 | border="0"></p>
|
---|
656 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">miniature portrait
|
---|
657 | of Jane Seymour by Lucas Horenbout<br>
|
---|
658 | </font>&nbsp; </p>
|
---|
659 | <p><a name="Sixteen"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did Jane
|
---|
660 | Seymour die of complications from a Caesarean section?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
661 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">This rumor has been around for a
|
---|
662 | long time, but it's not true.&nbsp; Jane actually lived several days
|
---|
663 | after the birth of her son, Edward, and was able to greet
|
---|
664 | well-wishers.&nbsp; But she soon succumbed to a violent fever and
|
---|
665 | died.&nbsp; Most historians believe she died from puerperal sepsis, an
|
---|
666 | infection which killed many new mothers.&nbsp; Keep in mind that, even
|
---|
667 | today, childbirth is a dangerous and bloody business.&nbsp; In the 16th
|
---|
668 | century, standards of hygiene were very lax.&nbsp; Puerperal sepsis
|
---|
669 | caused severe fevers and delusions; it was almost always fatal.</font> <br>
|
---|
670 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Henry VIII's sixth wife, Katharine
|
---|
671 | Parr, would also die from it.</font> </p>
|
---|
672 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Jane Seymour, <a
|
---|
673 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fseymour.html">visit her
|
---|
674 | website</a>.<br>
|
---|
675 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
676 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
677 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
678 | <p><a name="Seventeen"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
---|
679 | Anne of Cleves really that ugly?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
680 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">It's ironic to me that, of all of
|
---|
681 | Henry's six wives, the one who is most attractive to modern eyes is the
|
---|
682 | one he divorced for being a 'Flanders mare'.&nbsp; You can <a
|
---|
683 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;href=http:%2f%2fwww.marileecody.com%2fimages.htmll">look at portraits of
|
---|
684 | Anne</a> (one is below this answer) and decide for yourself.&nbsp; It
|
---|
685 | was probably a simple case of 'chemistry', or a lack thereof.&nbsp; You
|
---|
686 | want to kiss some people and you don't want to kiss others - why?&nbsp;
|
---|
687 | Henry VIII simply wasn't attracted to her but that doesn't mean she was
|
---|
688 | ugly; it simply means she wasn't his type.</font></p>
|
---|
689 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Anne of Cleves, <a
|
---|
690 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fcleves.html">visit her
|
---|
691 | website</a>.<br>
|
---|
692 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
693 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
---|
694 | <p align="center"> <img height="163"
|
---|
695 | alt="miniature portrait of Anne of Cleves by Hans Holbein"
|
---|
696 | src="_httpdocimg_/clevesfaq.jpg" width="166"
|
---|
697 | border="0"></p>
|
---|
698 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">miniature portrait
|
---|
699 | of Anne of Cleves by Hans Holbein</font>&nbsp; </p>
|
---|
700 | <p><a name="Eighteen"><br>
|
---|
701 | </a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What happened to Anne of
|
---|
702 | Cleves after Henry divorced her?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
703 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Anne remained in England, where she
|
---|
704 | was treated with great respect and honor.&nbsp; Henry called her his
|
---|
705 | 'sister' and she was given lots of money and lands in their divorce
|
---|
706 | settlement.&nbsp; She came to court regularly and enjoyed the life of
|
---|
707 | an independent, wealthy woman.&nbsp; She also became quite fond of
|
---|
708 | English beer.&nbsp; I think we can agree that she was probably the
|
---|
709 | happiest of the six wives.</font> <br>
|
---|
710 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
711 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
712 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
713 | <p><a name="Nineteen"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
---|
714 | Catherine Howard commit adultery while Queen of England?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
715 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Probably.&nbsp; You can read her
|
---|
716 | letter to Thomas Culpeper <a
|
---|
717 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fletter13.html">here</a>.</font> </p>
|
---|
718 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Catherine Howard, <a
|
---|
719 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fhoward.html">visit her
|
---|
720 | website</a>.<br>
|
---|
721 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
722 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
723 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
724 | <p><a name="Twenty"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Where is
|
---|
725 | Catherine Howard buried?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
726 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">She is buried at the chapel of St
|
---|
727 | Peter ad Vincula, along with her cousin Anne Boleyn and other victims
|
---|
728 | of Henry VIII.</font><br>
|
---|
729 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
730 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
731 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
732 | <p><a name="Twenty-one"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">How
|
---|
733 | many times was Katharine Parr married?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
734 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Katharine was married four
|
---|
735 | times.&nbsp; Henry VIII was her third husband.&nbsp; She had one child
|
---|
736 | with her fourth husband, and died of puerperal sepsis shortly
|
---|
737 | afterwards.</font> </p>
|
---|
738 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Katharine Parr, <a
|
---|
739 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fparr.html">visit her
|
---|
740 | website</a>.<br>
|
---|
741 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
742 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
743 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
744 | <p><a name="Twenty-two"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
---|
745 | Katharine Parr imprisoned by Henry VIII?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
746 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Almost, but her quick wit and
|
---|
747 | instinct for survival saved her.&nbsp; Religious conservatives at
|
---|
748 | Henry's court attempted to persuade the king his wife was a
|
---|
749 | heretic.&nbsp; After being lectured one too many times on religious
|
---|
750 | matters by Katharine, Henry was inclined to agree.&nbsp; Katharine was
|
---|
751 | warned of the plot and, without letting on to the king, told him she
|
---|
752 | was grateful to talk about such matters with him so he could guide her
|
---|
753 | in the correct direction.&nbsp; His ego soothed, the king again favored
|
---|
754 | her.&nbsp; When guards came to arrest Katharine, Henry personally
|
---|
755 | berated them and protected her.</font> <br>
|
---|
756 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
757 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
758 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
759 | <p><a name="Twenty-three"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What
|
---|
760 | happened to Henry VIII's sisters, Margaret and Mary Tudor?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
761 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Margaret married the king of
|
---|
762 | Scotland, James IV, and upon his death, she married the earl of
|
---|
763 | Angus.&nbsp; Mary wed the king of France and, upon his death, she wed
|
---|
764 | the duke of Suffolk.</font></p>
|
---|
765 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Mary Tudor, <a
|
---|
766 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fcitizens%2fbrandon.html">visit her
|
---|
767 | website</a>.&nbsp; To learn more about Margaret Tudor, <a
|
---|
768 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2frelative%2fmargaret.html">visit
|
---|
769 | her website</a>.<br>
|
---|
770 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
771 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
772 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
773 | <p><a name="Twenty-four"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
---|
774 | Henry VIII execute a lot of people?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
775 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">He executed a lot of people on
|
---|
776 | trumped-up charges, or what is commonly termed 'judicial murder'.&nbsp;
|
---|
777 | He was very capricious and tyrannical, particularly as he grew
|
---|
778 | older.&nbsp; He was also sensitive to other claims on the Tudor throne;
|
---|
779 | for that reason, he imprisoned or executed most of his Plantagenet
|
---|
780 | relatives.</font> <br>
|
---|
781 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
782 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
783 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
784 | <p><a name="Twenty-five"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
---|
785 | Henry VIII have a legitimate reason to divorce Katharine of Aragon?</font></b>
|
---|
786 | <br>
|
---|
787 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Yes.&nbsp; Other queens were
|
---|
788 | divorced for a lot less.&nbsp; The annulment would have been granted if
|
---|
789 | Katharine's nephew had not been Holy Roman Emperor.&nbsp; His position
|
---|
790 | gave him great influence over papal policy.</font> <br>
|
---|
791 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
792 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
793 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
794 | <p><a name="Twenty-six"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">How
|
---|
795 | did Edward VI die?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
796 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Edward died of tuberculosis.&nbsp;
|
---|
797 | Recently, historians and doctors suggested that it may have been
|
---|
798 | complicated by measles.</font></p>
|
---|
799 | <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica">To learn more about Edward VI, <a
|
---|
800 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fedward6.html">visit his
|
---|
801 | website</a>.</font><br>
|
---|
802 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
803 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
804 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
805 | <p><a name="Six-a"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Who is the
|
---|
806 | 'Nine Days Queen'?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
807 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The description refers to Lady Jane
|
---|
808 | Grey, the Tudor cousin who ruled England for just nine days in
|
---|
809 | 1553.&nbsp; She was later executed by Mary I.</font></p>
|
---|
810 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Lady Jane Grey, <a
|
---|
811 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2frelative%2fjanegrey.html">visit
|
---|
812 | her website</a>.<br>
|
---|
813 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
814 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
815 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
816 | <p><a name="Twenty-eight"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
---|
817 | Lady Jane Grey want to be Queen of England?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
818 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No, she did not.</font> <br>
|
---|
819 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
820 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
821 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
822 | <p><a name="Twenty-nine"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
---|
823 | Lady Jane Grey love her husband?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
824 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No, quite the contrary.&nbsp; By all
|
---|
825 | accounts, she disliked Guildford and refused to have him crowned king,
|
---|
826 | though she appreciated his newfound maturity and composure upon their
|
---|
827 | imprisonment.</font> <br>
|
---|
828 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
829 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
830 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
831 | <p align="left"><a name="Twenty-nine"></a><b><font
|
---|
832 | face="Arial,Helvetica">Where is Lady Jane Grey buried?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
833 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">At the chapel of St Peter ad
|
---|
834 | Vincula, alongside Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard.&nbsp; As at Anne's
|
---|
835 | execution, there was no coffin provided for Jane's corpse.&nbsp; Her
|
---|
836 | body lay beside the block for several hours before someone finally
|
---|
837 | found a coffin.</font> <br>
|
---|
838 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
839 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> </p>
|
---|
840 | <p align="center"><br>
|
---|
841 | <img height="213"
|
---|
842 | alt="Mary Tudor as princess of England, by Master John, 1544"
|
---|
843 | src="_httpdocimg_/mary1faq.jpg" width="165"
|
---|
844 | border="2"></p>
|
---|
845 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">portrait of
|
---|
846 | Princess Mary Tudor in 1544, by Master John</font></p>
|
---|
847 | <p></p>
|
---|
848 | <p><a name="Thirty"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why is
|
---|
849 | Mary I called 'Bloody Mary'?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
850 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Several hundred Protestants were
|
---|
851 | burned as heretics during her reign.&nbsp; Hence, she is called 'Bloody
|
---|
852 | Mary'.</font></p>
|
---|
853 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Mary I, <a
|
---|
854 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2fmary1.html">visit her
|
---|
855 | website</a>.<br>
|
---|
856 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
857 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
858 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
859 | <p><a name="Thirty-a"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Are
|
---|
860 | there two Mary Tudors at this site?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
861 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Yes, one is Mary Tudor, sister of
|
---|
862 | Henry VIII.&nbsp; The other is Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII.</font>
|
---|
863 | <br>
|
---|
864 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
865 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
866 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
867 | <p><a name="Thirty-one"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
---|
868 | Mary I really hate her half-sister, Elizabeth?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
869 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Yes.</font> <br>
|
---|
870 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
871 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
872 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
873 | <p><a name="Thirty-two"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
---|
874 | Mary I ever pregnant during her marriage to Philip of Spain?</font></b>
|
---|
875 | <br>
|
---|
876 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No.</font>&nbsp; <font
|
---|
877 | face="Arial,Helvetica">She thought she was pregnant - she hoped she
|
---|
878 | was - but it was probably an 'hysterical pregnancy'.&nbsp; Her
|
---|
879 | menstrual cycle was always irregular and she had a distended stomach,
|
---|
880 | possibly from a tumor.</font> <br>
|
---|
881 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
882 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
883 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
884 | <p><a name="Thirty-three"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What
|
---|
885 | were Mary's last words?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
886 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">It is rumored she said that if her
|
---|
887 | body was cut open, the words 'Calais' and 'Philip' would be found
|
---|
888 | engraved upon her heart.&nbsp; It is an apocryphal story.&nbsp; Calais
|
---|
889 | was the last English outpost on the continent, lost during her reign,
|
---|
890 | and Philip was the beloved husband who had abandoned her.</font> <br>
|
---|
891 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
892 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
893 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
894 | <p><a name="Thirty-four"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Where
|
---|
895 | is Mary I buried?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
896 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">In Westminster Abbey, beside her
|
---|
897 | half-sister, Elizabeth I.</font> <br>
|
---|
898 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
899 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
900 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
901 | <p><a name="Thirty-five"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
---|
902 | Elizabeth I truly a great queen - or did her ministers do all the work?</font></b>
|
---|
903 | <br>
|
---|
904 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">She was truly a great queen.&nbsp;
|
---|
905 | Though she had good ministers, chief among them William Cecil,
|
---|
906 | Elizabeth - like her father - was always in charge.</font></p>
|
---|
907 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Elizabeth I, <a
|
---|
908 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2feliz.html">visit her
|
---|
909 | website</a>.<br>
|
---|
910 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
911 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
---|
912 | <p align="center"> <img height="217"
|
---|
913 | alt="the Armada Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I, by George Gower"
|
---|
914 | src="_httpdocimg_/eliz2faq.jpg" width="165"
|
---|
915 | border="2"></p>
|
---|
916 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">The Armada Portrait
|
---|
917 | of Queen Elizabeth I, by George Gower<br>
|
---|
918 | </font>&nbsp; </p>
|
---|
919 | <p><a name="Thirty-six"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">How
|
---|
920 | smart was Elizabeth I?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
921 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Very smart.&nbsp; She was
|
---|
922 | undoubtedly one of the most (if not the most) intelligent monarchs to
|
---|
923 | rule England.&nbsp; She was always a dedicated scholar and genuinely
|
---|
924 | loved to study and learn.&nbsp; Her tutor Roger Ascham, and indeed
|
---|
925 | everyone who met her, recognized and commented upon her
|
---|
926 | intelligence.&nbsp; Of course, this was believed to be a 'masculine'
|
---|
927 | trait and only acceptable because of her special position as queen.</font>
|
---|
928 | <br>
|
---|
929 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
930 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
931 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
932 | <p><a name="Thirty-seven"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Did
|
---|
933 | Elizabeth ever plan to marry anyone?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
934 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Probably not.&nbsp; She used
|
---|
935 | marriage negotiations as political tools, and she personally loved
|
---|
936 | Robert Dudley.&nbsp; But she was never enthusiastic about the prospect
|
---|
937 | of marriage.&nbsp; And who can blame her?&nbsp; After the disastrous
|
---|
938 | examples of her father and half-sister, Elizabeth had no reason to
|
---|
939 | equate marriage with personal happiness.&nbsp; She also realized that
|
---|
940 | any marriage would end her authority as queen in her own right.</font> <br>
|
---|
941 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
942 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
943 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
944 | <p><a name="Thirty-eight"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
---|
945 | Elizabeth really a 'Virgin Queen'?&nbsp; Did she have secret lovers
|
---|
946 | and/or children?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
947 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">She was probably a virgin.&nbsp;
|
---|
948 | It's difficult to imagine any secret affair remaining secret for
|
---|
949 | long.&nbsp; And birth control was tricky and untrustworthy in the 16th
|
---|
950 | century.&nbsp; She knew that any affair would risk a pregnancy - and
|
---|
951 | that would destroy her life.&nbsp; Furthermore, it is worth noting
|
---|
952 | Elizabeth's own strict and methodical character, and the disdain she
|
---|
953 | showed for women who could not control their feelings or appreciate the
|
---|
954 | consequences of their actions.&nbsp; Consider her opinions of her two
|
---|
955 | cousins, Mary, queen of Scots and Catherine Grey.&nbsp; Both rushed
|
---|
956 | into hasty, inappropriate and passionate unions and both had disastrous
|
---|
957 | results.&nbsp; Elizabeth looked down upon them both, remarking that
|
---|
958 | they would do well to remember their high positions in life and its
|
---|
959 | attendant responsibilities.</font> <br>
|
---|
960 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">She lamented her lost opportunities
|
---|
961 | for love and a family of her own.&nbsp; But she was queen and it was an
|
---|
962 | exalted and lonely position.</font> <br>
|
---|
963 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No, she never had children.&nbsp;
|
---|
964 | It's fun to read theories that she was the mother of Bacon - or
|
---|
965 | Shakespeare - or was even Shakespeare himself.... but could she really
|
---|
966 | keep a pregnancy secret?&nbsp; Foreign ambassadors paid her servants to
|
---|
967 | learn every intimate detail of her life.&nbsp; Upon hearing some gossip
|
---|
968 | about her relationship with Dudley, Elizabeth observed that a thousand
|
---|
969 | eyes were always upon her so how could she do anything scandalous?</font>
|
---|
970 | <br>
|
---|
971 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
972 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
973 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
974 | <p><a name="Thirty-nine"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why
|
---|
975 | is the 1588 battle with the Spanish Armada so famous?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
976 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Because England was a small nation
|
---|
977 | with a little navy and they were facing the greatest power in the
|
---|
978 | world.&nbsp; And they defeated it, with help from Mother Nature.&nbsp;
|
---|
979 | It marked the beginning of England's mastery of the seas.&nbsp; The
|
---|
980 | great history of the English navy began, as did serious English
|
---|
981 | exploration and colonization.</font> <br>
|
---|
982 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
983 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
984 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
985 | <p><a name="Fourty"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why are
|
---|
986 | there so many portraits of Elizabeth I?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
987 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Because she ruled for such a long
|
---|
988 | time (45 years) and because she understood the value of
|
---|
989 | propaganda.&nbsp; Her portraits were iconographic; they represented the
|
---|
990 | queen in all her majesty, triumphant and beautiful.&nbsp; They
|
---|
991 | symbolized the confidence and pride of her nation.&nbsp; It was also a
|
---|
992 | sign of loyalty to have portraits of the queen in your house.&nbsp;
|
---|
993 | Many nobles commissioned portraits, or copies of official portraits.</font></p>
|
---|
994 | <p><font face="Arial">To view portraits of Elizabeth I, with
|
---|
995 | commentary, <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;href=http:%2f%2fwww.marileecody.com%2feliz1-images.html">visit
|
---|
996 | the Elizabethan Images webpage</a>.<br>
|
---|
997 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
998 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
999 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
1000 | <p><a name="Fourty-one"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Where
|
---|
1001 | is Elizabeth I buried?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
1002 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">In Westminster Abbey, beside her
|
---|
1003 | half-sister Mary I.</font> <br>
|
---|
1004 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
1005 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
1006 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
1007 | <p><a name="Fourty-two"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why
|
---|
1008 | was Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
1009 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Mary fled to England after losing a
|
---|
1010 | battle against her Scottish foes.&nbsp; She was seeking Elizabeth's aid
|
---|
1011 | in restoring her to the throne of Scotland.</font></p>
|
---|
1012 | <p><font face="Arial">To learn more about Mary, queen of Scots, <a
|
---|
1013 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2frelative%2fmaryqos.html">visit her
|
---|
1014 | website</a>.<br>
|
---|
1015 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
---|
1016 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
1017 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
1018 | <p><a name="Fourty-two-a"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">How
|
---|
1019 | long was Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
1020 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Mary was imprisoned from 1568 to
|
---|
1021 | 1587.&nbsp; She was just 25 years old when she arrived in England and
|
---|
1022 | 44 years old when she was executed.</font> <br>
|
---|
1023 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
1024 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
---|
1025 | <p align="center"> <img height="244"
|
---|
1026 | alt="portrait of Mary, queen of Scots, c1558"
|
---|
1027 | src="_httpdocimg_/maryqosfaq.jpg" width="165"
|
---|
1028 | border="2"></p>
|
---|
1029 | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="1">portrait of Mary,
|
---|
1030 | queen of Scots, c1558<br>
|
---|
1031 | </font>&nbsp; </p>
|
---|
1032 | <p><a name="Fourty-two"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Are
|
---|
1033 | Mary, queen of Scots and Mary Tudor the same person?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
1034 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">No.&nbsp; Mary Tudor was Henry
|
---|
1035 | VIII's sister.&nbsp; Mary, queen of Scots was the granddaughter of
|
---|
1036 | Margaret Tudor, Henry VIII's sister.</font> <br>
|
---|
1037 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
1038 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
1039 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
1040 | <p><a name="Fourty-three"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why
|
---|
1041 | did Elizabeth I have Mary, queen of Scots killed?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
1042 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Because she was conniving to have
|
---|
1043 | Elizabeth assassinated and herself made queen of England.&nbsp; In
|
---|
1044 | fairness to Mary, she only began plotting after being imprisoned for
|
---|
1045 | several years and it was clear she would never be released.</font> <br>
|
---|
1046 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
1047 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
1048 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
1049 | <p><a name="Fourty-four"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Was
|
---|
1050 | Mary, queen of Scots guilty of the crimes for which she was executed?</font></b>
|
---|
1051 | <br>
|
---|
1052 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Yes, probably.&nbsp; She even
|
---|
1053 | admitted to plotting against Elizabeth, but said it was only to gain
|
---|
1054 | her freedom.</font> <br>
|
---|
1055 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
1056 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
1057 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
1058 | <p><a name="Fourty-six"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Where
|
---|
1059 | is Mary, queen of Scots buried?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
1060 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">In Westminster Abbey.&nbsp; Her body
|
---|
1061 | was moved there by her son, James, who became king of England in 1603.</font>
|
---|
1062 | <br>
|
---|
1063 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
1064 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
---|
1065 | <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><br>
|
---|
1066 | <a name="Fourty-sixa"></a>Why is Mary, queen of Scots's last name
|
---|
1067 | sometimes spelled 'Stewart' and other times 'Stuart'?<br>
|
---|
1068 | </font></b> <font face="Arial">In Scotland, her family name was
|
---|
1069 | spelled 'Stewart'.&nbsp; However, Mary was half-French and spent her
|
---|
1070 | formative years in France.&nbsp; Therefore, she adopted the French
|
---|
1071 | spelling of Stewart, which was 'Stuart'.&nbsp; (She also signed her
|
---|
1072 | name 'Marie', which was the French spelling of her first name.)</font><br>
|
---|
1073 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
1074 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
---|
1075 | <p><br><a name="Fourty-seven"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Why
|
---|
1076 | did Elizabeth I leave her throne to James I of Scotland?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
1077 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">James was Elizabeth's closest male
|
---|
1078 | relative.&nbsp; He was part Tudor as well, being the great-grandson of
|
---|
1079 | Margaret Tudor, eldest daughter of the first Tudor king, Henry VII.</font>
|
---|
1080 | <br>
|
---|
1081 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
1082 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
1083 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
1084 | <p><a name="Fourty-eight"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">What
|
---|
1085 | dynasty followed the Tudors?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
1086 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Stuart dynasty followed the
|
---|
1087 | Tudors, so called because their family name was Stuart/Stewart.</font> <br>
|
---|
1088 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
1089 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
1090 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
1091 | <p><a name="Fourty-nine"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Does
|
---|
1092 | this website have a search engine?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
1093 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Yes, it does.&nbsp; <a
|
---|
1094 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fsearch.html">Click here</a> to
|
---|
1095 | visit the Tudor England search engine.</font> <br>
|
---|
1096 | <font size="-2"><a
|
---|
1097 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
---|
1098 | &nbsp; </p>
|
---|
1099 | <p><a name="Fifty"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">I am
|
---|
1100 | quoting from this website for my paper / report.&nbsp; How do I
|
---|
1101 | correctly cite the source?</font></b> <br>
|
---|
1102 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">The correct format is based upon
|
---|
1103 | both the Turabian/Chicago and MLA styles.</font> <br>
|
---|
1104 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Here is an example:</font> <br>
|
---|
1105 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica">Hanson, Marilee. "Contemporary
|
---|
1106 | Descriptions of Anne Boleyn." <i>EnglishHistory.net.</i> 2004.
|
---|
1107 | http://englishhistory.net/tudor/annedesc.html (11 April 2004).</font> <br>
|
---|
1108 | <font face="Arial,Helvetica" size="-1">Please note: you must use
|
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1109 | the year and date you read the source.</font> <br>
|
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1110 | <font size="-2"><a
|
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1111 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font> <br>
|
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1112 | &nbsp;<br>
|
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1113 | </p>
|
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1114 | <p><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><a name="Update"></a>When
|
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1115 | was the site last updated?</b><br>
|
---|
1116 | Please visit the <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fnews.html">Site
|
---|
1117 | News</a> page for the last update. &nbsp;I don't post routine
|
---|
1118 | maintenance there, only significant additions to the website.<br>
|
---|
1119 | </font><font size="-2"><a
|
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1120 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2ffaq.html#Top">TOP</a></font></p>
|
---|
1121 | <p><br>
|
---|
1122 | </p>
|
---|
1123 | <blockquote>
|
---|
1124 | <hr width="100%" size="2">
|
---|
1125 | <center>
|
---|
1126 | <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica" size="-1"><a
|
---|
1127 | href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor.html">to Tudor England</a></font></p>
|
---|
1128 | </center>
|
---|
1129 | </blockquote>
|
---|
1130 | </td>
|
---|
1131 | <td width="15%" height="610"><br>
|
---|
1132 | </td>
|
---|
1133 | </tr>
|
---|
1134 | </tbody>
|
---|
1135 | </table>
|
---|
1136 |
|
---|
1137 | <!-- text below generated by server. PLEASE REMOVE --><!-- Counter/Statistics data collection code --><script language="JavaScript" src="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;href=http:%2f%2fhostingprod.com%2fjs%5fsource%2fgeov2.js"></script><script language="javascript">geovisit();</script><noscript><img src="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;el=direct&amp;href=http://visit.webhosting.yahoo.com/visit.gif?us1108082531" alt="setstats" border="0" width="1" height="1"></noscript>
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1138 | <IMG SRC="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;el=direct&amp;href=http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=76001524&t=1108082531" ALT=1 WIDTH=1 HEIGHT=1>
|
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1139 | </Content>
|
---|
1140 | </Section>
|
---|
1141 | </Archive>
|
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