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2 | <!DOCTYPE Archive SYSTEM "http://greenstone.org/dtd/Archive/1.0/Archive.dtd">
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3 | <Archive>
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4 | <Section>
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5 | <Description>
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6 | <Metadata name="gsdlsourcefilename">import/englishhistory.net/tudor/grace.html</Metadata>
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10 | <Metadata name="Source">grace.html</Metadata>
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11 | <Metadata name="SourceFile">grace.html</Metadata>
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12 | <Metadata name="Language">en</Metadata>
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13 | <Metadata name="Encoding">windows_1252</Metadata>
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14 | <Metadata name="Title">Primary Sources: The Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536</Metadata>
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15 | <Metadata name="FileFormat">HTML</Metadata>
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16 | <Metadata name="URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/grace.html</Metadata>
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19 | <Metadata name="webicon">_iconworld_</Metadata>
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20 | <Metadata name="/weblink"></a></Metadata>
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21 | <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Tudor period|Others</Metadata>
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22 | <Metadata name="Identifier">HASH5a57054557398614faa55c</Metadata>
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23 | <Metadata name="lastmodified">1391131241</Metadata>
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24 | <Metadata name="lastmodifieddate">20140131</Metadata>
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25 | <Metadata name="oailastmodified">1391131629</Metadata>
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29 | </Description>
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30 | <Content>
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31 |
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32 | <div align="center">
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33 | <center>
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34 | <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4" width="94%">
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35 | <tr>
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36 | <td valign="bottom" colspan="3">
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37 | <p align="center">&nbsp;<br>
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38 | <p align="center">
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39 | <img border="0" src="_httpdocimg_/grace.gif" width="418" height="74"><p align="center">&nbsp;</td>
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40 | </tr>
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41 | <tr>
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42 | <td></td>
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43 | <td></td>
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44 | <td></td>
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45 | </tr>
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46 | <tr>
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47 | <td valign="top" width="48%" bgcolor="#FFFFE8"><font size=-1>The account
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48 | at right was written by the Tudor chronicler Edward Hall.</font><p>
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49 | <font size="-1">The Pilgrimage of Grace was the worst uprising of Henry
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50 | VIII's reign.&nbsp; It was a direct result of the dissolution of the
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51 | monasteries, a policy which confused and angered most Englishmen.&nbsp;
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52 | The original rebellion began at Louth in Lincolnshire in early October
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53 | 1536.&nbsp; The presence of a royal commission was the spark; the local
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54 | clergy encouraged it to flame.&nbsp; The Lincolnshire rebellion lasted but
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55 | a fortnight, but Yorkshire - led by the lawyer Robert Aske - was next.&nbsp;
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56 | With the charismatic Aske as their leader, the rebellion spread quickly.&nbsp;
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57 | Dissatisfaction with the king's religious and fiscal policies was deep and
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58 | widespread.&nbsp; An army of perhaps 30,000 men gathered in the north.&nbsp;
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59 | The king ordered the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk and the earl of
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60 | Shrewsbury to respond.&nbsp; But there was no standing army in England;
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61 | also, popular sympathy lay with the rebels.</font></p>
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62 | <p><font size="-1">The king's forces were hopelessly outnumbered.&nbsp;
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63 | Worse, their soldiers lacked equipment and the desire to fight their
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64 | countrymen.&nbsp; And the rebel forces were far more experienced in
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65 | battle, having fought the Scots near-continuously during Henry's reign.</font></p>
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66 | <p><font size="-1">Faced with such odds, the king turned to diplomacy.&nbsp;
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67 | The rebels, after all, did not seek to overthrow him.&nbsp; Their primary
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68 | desire was for the dissolved monasteries to be restored.&nbsp; They also
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69 | criticized the king's 'low-born' advisers, particularly Thomas Cromwell.&nbsp;
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70 | His policies of high taxation and forced enclosures had worsened poverty
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71 | throughout northern England; it was already, as Norfolk told the king,
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72 | 'the most barren country of the realm'.</font></p>
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73 | <p><font size="-1">The king negotiated peace through Norfolk, conceding
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74 | their demands and promising a free pardon to all rebels who dispersed.&nbsp;
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75 | Monastic lands would be restored and a new parliament called to address
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76 | their concerns.&nbsp; The rebels accordingly dispersed.&nbsp; And then, on
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77 | the slightest pretext, Henry broke his word; martial law was declared,
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78 | rebel leaders were indicted and put on trial (many faced a jury of their
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79 | peers.)&nbsp; Several hundred rebels, including Aske, were executed.</font></p>
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80 | <p>
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81 | <br>
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82 | </td>
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83 | <td width="4%"></td>
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84 | <td valign="top" width="48%">
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85 |
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86 | <p><font color="#000000">[T]he king was truly informed that there was
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87 | a new insurrection made by the northern men, who had assembled themselves
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88 | into a huge and great army of warlike men, well appointed with captains,
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89 | horse, armour and artillery, to the number of 40,000 men, who had encamped
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90 | themselves in Yorkshire.&nbsp; And these men had bound themselves to each
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91 | other by their oath to be faithful and obedient to their captain.</font>
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92 | <p><font color="#000000">The also declared, by their proclamation solemnly
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93 | made, that their insurrection should extend no further than to the maintenance
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94 | and defence of the faith of Christ and the deliverance of holy church,
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95 | sore decayed and oppressed, and to the furtherance also of private and
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96 | public matters in the realm concerning the wealth of all the king's poor
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97 | subjects. They called this, their seditious and traitorous voyage, a holy
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98 | and blessed pilgrimage; they also had certain banners in the field whereon
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99 | was painted Christ hanging on the cross on one side, and a chalice with
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100 | a painted cake in it on the other side, with various other banners of similar
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101 | hypocrisy and feigned sanctity.&nbsp; The soldiers also had a certain cognizance
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102 | or badge embroidered or set upon the sleeves of their coats which was a
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103 | representation of the five wounds of Christ, and in the midst thereof was
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104 | written the name of Our Lord, and thus the rebellious garrison of Satan
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105 | set forth and decked themselves with his false and counterfeited signs
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106 | of holiness, only to delude and deceive the simple and ignorant people.</font>
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107 | <p><font color="#000000">After the king's highness was informed of this
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108 | newly arisen insurrection he, making no delay in so weighty a matter, caused
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109 | with all speed the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, the marquis of Exeter,
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110 | the earl of Shrewsbury and others, accompanied by his mighty and royal
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111 | army which was of great power and strength, immediately to set upon the
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112 | rebels.&nbsp; But when these noble captains and counsellors approached
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113 | the rebels and saw their number and how they were determined on battle,
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114 | they worked with great prudence to pacify all without shedding blood.</font>
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115 | <p><font color="#000000">But the northern men were so stiff-necked that
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116 | they would in no way stoop, but stoutly stood and maintained their wicked
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117 | enterprise.&nbsp; Therefore the abovesaid nobles, perceiving and seeing
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118 | no other was to pacify these wretched rebels, agreed upon a battle; ...
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119 | but the night before the day appointed for the battle a little rain fell,
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120 | nothing to speak of, but yet as if by a great miracle of God the water,
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121 | which was a very small ford which the day before men might have gone over
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122 | dry shod, suddenly rose to such a height depth and breadth that no man
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123 | who lived there had ever seen before, so that on the day, even when the
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124 | hour of battle should have some, it was impossible for one army to get
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125 | at the other.</font>
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126 | <p><font color="#000000">After this appointment made between both the armies,
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127 | disappointed, as it is to be thought, only by God who extended his great
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128 | mercy and had compassion on the great number of innocent persons who in
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129 | that deadly slaughter would have been likely to have been murdered, could
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130 | not take place.&nbsp; Then... a consultation was held and a pardon obtained
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131 | from
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132 | the king's majesty for all the captains and chief movers of this insurrection,
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133 | and they promised that such things as they found themselves aggrieved by,
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134 | all would be gently heard and their reasonable petitions granted, and that
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135 | their articles should be presented to the king, so that by his highness'
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136 | authority and the wisdom of his council all things should be brought to
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137 | good order and conclusion.&nbsp; And with this order every man quietly
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138 | departed, and those who before were bent as hot as fire on fighting, being
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139 | presented by God, went now peaceably to their houses, and were as cold
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140 | as water.</font>
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141 | <br>&nbsp;
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142 | <br>&nbsp;<p align="center"><a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fprimary.html">
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143 | <font size="2">to Primary Sources</font></a></td>
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144 | </tr>
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145 | </table>
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146 | </center>
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147 | </div>
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148 |
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149 |
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150 |
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153 | </Content>
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154 | </Section>
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155 | </Archive>
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