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5 | <Description>
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12 | <Metadata name="Language">en</Metadata>
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14 | <Metadata name="URL">http://hamiltonGarden/hamiltonGarden.htm</Metadata>
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15 | <Metadata name="UTF8URL">http://hamiltonGarden/hamiltonGarden.htm</Metadata>
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16 | <Metadata name="Title">Hamilton Garden</Metadata>
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17 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.0</Metadata>
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18 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.0</Metadata>
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19 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.0</Metadata>
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20 | <Metadata name="Chapter"></Metadata>
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23 | <Metadata name="lastmodifieddate">20120306</Metadata>
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25 | <Metadata name="oailastmodifieddate">20120326</Metadata>
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27 | </Description>
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28 | <Content>
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29 |
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30 |
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31 |
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32 |
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33 |
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34 |
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35 |
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36 |
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37 |
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38 |
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39 |
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40 | </Content>
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41 | <Section>
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42 | <Description>
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43 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.01</Metadata>
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44 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80608675</Metadata>
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45 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3029395</Metadata>
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46 | <Metadata name="Chapter">1</Metadata>
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47 | <Metadata name="Title">1 Beginning of gardens</Metadata>
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48 | </Description>
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49 | <Content>
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50 |
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51 | Welcome to the Hamilton Gardens. Hamilton Gardens is not a
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52 |
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53 | traditional botanic garden. We like to say, that while botanic
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54 |
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55 | gardens are collections of plants, Hamilton Gardens is a
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56 |
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57 | collection of gardens. So we have taken lots of different kinds of garden designs and collected
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58 |
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59 | them together in one place. We have organized those gardens into five collections: Paradise Garden
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60 |
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61 | collection, The Productive Garden collection, Fantasy garden collection, Cultivar Garden collection and a
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62 |
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63 | landscape garden collection. Hamilton Gardens itself started in 1964 and was developed in kind of a hodgepodge
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64 |
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65 | sort of way until the 1980s when a new overall plan was laid out.
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66 |
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67 |
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68 |
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69 |
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70 |
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71 | </Content>
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72 | </Section>
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73 | <Section>
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74 | <Description>
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75 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.01</Metadata>
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76 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.806534</Metadata>
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77 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.30264764</Metadata>
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78 | <Metadata name="Chapter">2</Metadata>
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79 | <Metadata name="Title">2 Beginning of paradise garden</Metadata>
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80 | </Description>
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81 | <Content>
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82 |
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83 | You are now at the paradise gardens. The reason why they're called paradise
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84 |
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85 | gardens is because they all follow idea that a garden is a kind of a paradise,
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86 |
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87 | so it's a refuge or retreat from the everyday world. So they're all small walled gardens,
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88 |
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89 | enclosed gardens. The word paradise comes from an old Persian word that means enclosed garden.
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90 |
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91 | We have brought together here different designs from different eras and different places around
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92 |
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93 | the world. The paradise gardens are the most well known ones of all our garden collections. We
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94 |
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95 | have used actual classic garden designs that have been highly influential on gardens.
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96 |
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97 | </Content>
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98 | </Section>
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99 | <Section>
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100 | <Description>
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101 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.014</Metadata>
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102 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.8065514565</Metadata>
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103 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3029906750</Metadata>
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104 | <Metadata name="Chapter">5</Metadata>
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105 | <Metadata name="Title">5 Japanense Rock Garden</Metadata>
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106 | </Description>
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107 | <Content>
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108 |
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109 | A Japanese garden is not all revealed to you in one grand moment. It's sort
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110 |
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111 | of revealed to you in stages. This part is often called the Zen garden. Its proper name
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112 |
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113 | is karesansui which means dry landscape or water mountain landscape. Again, obviously the
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114 |
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115 | rock placement is crucial. It's not something that we're necessarily trained to see. There
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116 |
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117 | are never any flowers in here; they're always pruned off. The classic kind of interpretation of
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118 |
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119 | this landscape is that it is a shoreline. So the gravel is the water and the swirling patterns of the current and then we have the headland from the islands and so on.
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120 |
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121 |
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122 |
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123 | There are no flowers as it is thought that bright colours will disturb the tranquillity of
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124 |
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125 | the views. It's supposed to be very calming. The background is left blank; so it's as if they're drawn on a blank sheet of paper, and they are a bit
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126 |
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127 | like the landscapes that are drawn on silk screen scrolls. They use a lot of negative space when they're painting.
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128 |
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129 |
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130 |
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131 | A similar effect can be seen when looking at the water. The rocks up close to us a really big and all the rocks on the
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132 |
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133 | far shore are kind of small, which it accentuates the distance. So again it's a vast landscape in miniature, collected here for us.
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134 |
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135 | The Japanese garden designers take a lot of care to replicate the patterns in nature; the way that the water arose, the land and the way that the trees grow over the water.
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136 |
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137 |
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138 |
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139 | </Content>
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140 | </Section>
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141 | <Section>
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142 | <Description>
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143 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.007</Metadata>
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144 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80665965</Metadata>
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145 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3033258</Metadata>
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146 | <Metadata name="Chapter">6</Metadata>
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147 | <Metadata name="Title">6 Entrance of English Garden</Metadata>
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148 | </Description>
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149 | <Content>
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150 |
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151 | Now we jump fast forward into the late 1800's; maybe early 20th
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152 |
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153 | Century and into England. There was a kind of back to nature type drive happening
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154 |
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155 | in response to all the industrialisation and things that was happening in England at the time. <br />
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156 |
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157 | What we've done here is we've taken three classic kind of garden designs, all based
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158 |
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159 | on layouts that were done by Gertrude Jekyll and her friend Lutyen. There is a long border, the collector's garden and a white garden.
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160 |
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161 |
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162 |
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163 | </Content>
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164 | </Section>
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165 | <Section>
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166 | <Description>
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167 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.005</Metadata>
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168 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.8065417</Metadata>
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169 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3033681</Metadata>
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170 | <Metadata name="Chapter">7</Metadata>
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171 | <Metadata name="Title">7 Long Border</Metadata>
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172 | </Description>
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173 | <Content>
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174 |
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175 | The long border is just simply what it says, it's just a big long path with flowers either side; mostly annuals and some perennials and mixed border,
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176 |
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177 | as they say. The warm colours are in the middle and the cool colours are at the end. It has the reds and the oranges and the yellows around the middle,
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178 |
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179 | and then at the end all the blues and the more pastely, pinky, bluey things. It's actually quite carefully put together.
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180 |
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181 | </Content>
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182 | </Section>
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183 | <Section>
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184 | <Description>
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185 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.007</Metadata>
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186 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.806508</Metadata>
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187 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.303498051</Metadata>
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188 | <Metadata name="Chapter">8</Metadata>
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189 | <Metadata name="Title">8 Collector's Garden</Metadata>
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190 | </Description>
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191 | <Content>
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192 |
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193 | This is an English collector's garden.
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194 |
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195 | This is the garden that the plant collectors
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196 |
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197 | really like. By this stage in European garden history,
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198 |
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199 | lots and lots of plants have been collected from all around the world.
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200 |
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201 | People went to all sorts of interesting places and bring back all these
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202 |
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203 | plants, and growing them in their gardens. So, while the other kind of garden
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204 |
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205 | traditions are based a lot on what was available natively in that location at that
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206 |
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207 | time; this is one of those gardens that brings lots of interesting planting material together. This is a copy of a pavilion that exists that Millmead house.
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208 |
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209 |
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210 |
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211 | </Content>
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212 | </Section>
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213 | <Section>
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214 | <Description>
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215 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.007</Metadata>
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216 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.806617828</Metadata>
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217 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3035174</Metadata>
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218 | <Metadata name="Chapter">9</Metadata>
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219 | <Metadata name="Title">9 White GardenWater in the Italian Garden</Metadata>
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220 | </Description>
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221 | <Content>
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222 |
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223 | There's not just white flowers in here; there is also silver foliage like one the big trees.
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224 |
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225 |
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226 |
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227 | </Content>
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228 | </Section>
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229 | <Section>
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230 | <Description>
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231 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.004</Metadata>
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232 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.806797</Metadata>
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233 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3035393</Metadata>
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234 | <Metadata name="Chapter">10</Metadata>
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235 | <Metadata name="Title">10 Entrance to Chinese Garden</Metadata>
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236 | </Description>
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237 | <Content>
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238 |
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239 | This is the Chinese Scholar's garden. This is the oldest one from
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240 |
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241 | all the paradise gardens. They go right back to second century if we like;
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242 |
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243 | although lots of these design elements were common to lots of different viewers.
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244 |
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245 | This garden tells the story of a life cycle. Along with the Japanese garden tradition,
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246 |
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247 | the Chinese gardeners collected rocks. And one of the things that the rocks connects to
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248 |
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249 | is those Chinese scrolls and the scroll art, and those paintings they would do of those amazing kind
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250 |
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251 | of mythical mountain ranges where the immortals were supposed to dwell. So this has been a miniature.
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252 |
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253 | Again we've got these big blank walls there with the rocks against them; so the classic opening.
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254 |
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255 |
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256 |
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257 | </Content>
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258 | </Section>
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259 | <Section>
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260 | <Description>
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261 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.005</Metadata>
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262 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.8067807</Metadata>
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263 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3039754</Metadata>
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264 | <Metadata name="Chapter">11</Metadata>
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265 | <Metadata name="Title">11 The Entrance</Metadata>
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266 | </Description>
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267 | <Content>
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268 |
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269 | One of the interesting things about this garden is the contrast,
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270 |
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271 | so this is the dark area; its covered in Jasmine and it smells really good when it's
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272 |
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273 | in flower. So there's dark and then there's light inside and outside and so on. So in terms
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274 |
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275 | of that story of that lifecycle, I guess that's kind of birth.
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276 |
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277 |
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278 |
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279 | Again, there's a kind of representation of nature here that much less restrained and much less abstract than the Japanese version.
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280 |
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281 |
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282 |
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283 |
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284 |
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285 | </Content>
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286 | </Section>
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287 | <Section>
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288 | <Description>
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289 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.004</Metadata>
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290 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80675698</Metadata>
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291 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3039148</Metadata>
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292 | <Metadata name="Chapter">12</Metadata>
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293 | <Metadata name="Title">12 Tree, Rock and Bridge</Metadata>
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294 | </Description>
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295 | <Content>
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296 |
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297 | The rock in the enclosure there came from the bottom of Lake Taihu in China. It got shipped over here. The gardeners putt a different bonsai three there every month.
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298 |
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299 |
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300 |
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301 | The bridge is not straight to stop the dragons coming across it. They're also dragon shapes represented on the top of those walls. In this garden you can see plants
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302 |
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303 | native to china. For the Chinese certain plants had strong associations. For example, the bamboo represented uprightness and strength.
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304 |
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305 |
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306 |
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307 |
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308 |
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309 | </Content>
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310 | </Section>
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311 | <Section>
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312 | <Description>
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313 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.005</Metadata>
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314 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.8066641092</Metadata>
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315 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3039830923</Metadata>
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316 | <Metadata name="Chapter">13</Metadata>
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317 | <Metadata name="Title">13 Monk in Grotto</Metadata>
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318 | </Description>
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319 | <Content>
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320 |
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321 | The cave holds a littel statue of a monk.
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322 |
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323 | </Content>
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324 | </Section>
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325 | <Section>
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326 | <Description>
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327 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.005</Metadata>
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328 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80680524</Metadata>
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329 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.30421622</Metadata>
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330 | <Metadata name="Chapter">14</Metadata>
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331 | <Metadata name="Title">14 The High Point</Metadata>
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332 | </Description>
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333 | <Content>
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334 |
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335 | This point symbolises the high point of your life;
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336 |
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337 | you get to this point and then you stand up here and you survey where you've been.
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338 |
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339 | It is a restful garden because there is a lot of green and not many flowers, just some shade.
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340 |
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341 | And at the end of the path, you find yourself back where you began.
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342 |
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343 |
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344 |
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345 | </Content>
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346 | </Section>
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347 | <Section>
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348 | <Description>
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349 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.005</Metadata>
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350 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80686102</Metadata>
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351 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.30338661</Metadata>
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352 | <Metadata name="Chapter">15</Metadata>
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353 | <Metadata name="Title">15 Entrance to Modernist Garden</Metadata>
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354 | </Description>
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355 | <Content>
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356 |
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357 | This is the modernist garden based on the designs of Thomas Church;
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358 |
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359 | most of his famous designs are in California. This garden represents a domestic backyard.
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360 |
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361 | All these plants here are specifically native plants. In America, gardens use American trees and American plants;
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362 |
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363 | the ones we used were mostly from Southern California. Some of them come from the east coast but most of them come from the west coast.
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364 |
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365 |
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366 |
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367 | The design is very modernist; there's no symmetry and everything's kind of curvy. All the materials are kind of space age materials of the time.
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368 |
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369 |
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370 |
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371 | </Content>
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372 | </Section>
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373 | <Section>
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374 | <Description>
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375 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.007</Metadata>
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376 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80699413</Metadata>
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377 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.30360142</Metadata>
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378 | <Metadata name="Chapter">16</Metadata>
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379 | <Metadata name="Title">16 American House</Metadata>
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380 | </Description>
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381 | <Content>
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382 |
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383 | The intention when they built this garden was
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384 |
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385 | to symbolize the house with ranch sliders and one looks onto
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386 |
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387 | the back yard. Of course we can't build a whole house there so
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388 |
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389 | we just had a draft of it.
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390 |
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391 |
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392 |
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393 |
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394 |
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395 | </Content>
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396 | </Section>
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397 | <Section>
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398 | <Description>
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399 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.012</Metadata>
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400 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80681071</Metadata>
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401 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.30282743</Metadata>
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402 | <Metadata name="Chapter">20</Metadata>
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403 | <Metadata name="Title">20 Italian Renaissance Garden</Metadata>
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404 | </Description>
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405 | <Content>
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406 |
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407 | This is the Italian Renaissance garden; so obviously it comes from the Renaissance period, a rebirth of culture,
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408 |
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409 | coming out of the dark ages in Europe, and specifically in Italy where it starts in Florence. So you had a coming together
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410 |
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411 | of lots of different historical forces.
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412 |
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413 |
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414 |
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415 | You had this concentration of extreme wealth firstly, and that was
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416 |
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417 | partially because of the Catholic church had its headquarters, and it was taking a lot
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418 |
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419 | of money from the rest of Europe. You had an increased scientific knowledge and increased
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420 |
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421 | humanistic rationalism coming along, and with that there was a huge opening up of trades.
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422 |
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423 |
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424 |
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425 | This is quite a big garden by our standards. It is based on this small private side garden of a
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426 |
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427 | much, much bigger garden complex in Italy. The Italian merchants were quite wealthy and they spent money on their gardens.
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428 |
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429 | At the same time there's an increased interest in antiquity; so part of their Roman heritage and kind of the Roman Empire and so on.
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430 |
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431 | So there's a really interesting congruent here between a new rationalistic, scientific view of the world and a Christian catholic view of
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432 |
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433 | the world, and a pagan classical view of the world; all that is coming together there. For example, the water feature is a pagan Romulus and Remus statue
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434 |
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435 |
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436 |
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437 | </Content>
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438 | </Section>
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439 | <Section>
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440 | <Description>
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441 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.012</Metadata>
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442 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.8068357706</Metadata>
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443 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3027600050</Metadata>
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444 | <Metadata name="Chapter">21</Metadata>
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445 | <Metadata name="Title">21 Overview of Italian Garden</Metadata>
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446 | </Description>
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447 | <Content>
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448 |
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449 | There's two kinds of key overall layout aspects. One is just the fact that there are three areas.
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450 |
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451 | So there's the outside bosco area beyond the garden in the forest, the untamed wilderness from which only the beasts live,
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452 |
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453 | and humans came from there but we don't live there anymore. The second area is the orchards, the prater with its fruit trees and grapevines,
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454 |
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455 | and then the third one is the bottom part, which is the formal part of the garden.
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456 |
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457 | Cicero talks about the fear of nature. There is the first nature, which is the untamed wilderness.
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458 |
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459 | The second nature, which is the farming, and then the third nature which is the garden. Third nature is nature plus art; whereas farming and gardening for
|
---|
460 |
|
---|
461 | food is nature plus science or functional behaviour.
|
---|
462 |
|
---|
463 |
|
---|
464 |
|
---|
465 | </Content>
|
---|
466 | </Section>
|
---|
467 | <Section>
|
---|
468 | <Description>
|
---|
469 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.005</Metadata>
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---|
470 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80698196</Metadata>
|
---|
471 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.30278038</Metadata>
|
---|
472 | <Metadata name="Chapter">22</Metadata>
|
---|
473 | <Metadata name="Title">22 Water in the Italian Garden</Metadata>
|
---|
474 | </Description>
|
---|
475 | <Content>
|
---|
476 |
|
---|
477 | Another layout aspect is the progression of water. There are actually little nozzles in the wall next to the grotto and they make this lovely little
|
---|
478 |
|
---|
479 | mist and this is a grotto that represents the female and fertile. Beyond that there's some little fountains that go down underneath it and then there's
|
---|
480 |
|
---|
481 | the big fountain in the middle; it spurts up, and it's a much more masculine. And then beyond that there's the mighty river.
|
---|
482 |
|
---|
483 |
|
---|
484 |
|
---|
485 | Obviously, it is a highly symmetrical garden area. You may notice that from each garden you can't see any of the other gardens.
|
---|
486 |
|
---|
487 | This garden and the Indian garden are really good examples of what garden designers do; which is that they borrow scenery, they borrow
|
---|
488 |
|
---|
489 | the landscape from outside. So, if your neighbour has a really big, lovely oak tree; you can build that into your design. And so here's a
|
---|
490 |
|
---|
491 | great example. The river is not part of Hamilton gardens but it certainly makes a good impact when you come out here and see it.
|
---|
492 |
|
---|
493 |
|
---|
494 |
|
---|
495 |
|
---|
496 |
|
---|
497 | </Content>
|
---|
498 | </Section>
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---|
499 | <Section>
|
---|
500 | <Description>
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501 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.006</Metadata>
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502 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80704606</Metadata>
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---|
503 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3024579</Metadata>
|
---|
504 | <Metadata name="Chapter">23</Metadata>
|
---|
505 | <Metadata name="Title">23 Medici Court</Metadata>
|
---|
506 | </Description>
|
---|
507 | <Content>
|
---|
508 |
|
---|
509 | This is the Medici court; fantastic for outdoor theatre and so on, and the Medici gallery out there which is a little patio area.
|
---|
510 |
|
---|
511 |
|
---|
512 |
|
---|
513 | </Content>
|
---|
514 | </Section>
|
---|
515 | <Section>
|
---|
516 | <Description>
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517 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.005</Metadata>
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518 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.8068084</Metadata>
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---|
519 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.30235491</Metadata>
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---|
520 | <Metadata name="Chapter">24</Metadata>
|
---|
521 | <Metadata name="Title">24 Tainui</Metadata>
|
---|
522 | </Description>
|
---|
523 | <Content>
|
---|
524 |
|
---|
525 | This is our newest garden and its consequently the one that we feel most proud of. It's called Te Parapara. Te Parapara is a
|
---|
526 |
|
---|
527 | traditional Maori garden of a kind. It's not a recreation of existing or historical Maori gardens as much as the Paradise gardens are,
|
---|
528 |
|
---|
529 | but it is much more of a narrative garden. It basically tells a story of the establishment of cultivated food crops in New Zealand.
|
---|
530 |
|
---|
531 |
|
---|
532 |
|
---|
533 | The story begins at the gate; which represents the landing of Tainui waka in New Zealand in a kind of landfall. On the right hand side
|
---|
534 |
|
---|
535 | after the gate there is a pomaderris Tainui tree, big and tall. On the left is a little Pohutekawa tree. The Pohutukawa represents the tree
|
---|
536 |
|
---|
537 | that the Tainui waka was tied to when it first was landed at Tawhia. The Pomaderris represents the floor boards, and in the story of the landing
|
---|
538 |
|
---|
539 | of Tainui, the floor boards took root. We know that this is mythical because pomaderris was native.
|
---|
540 |
|
---|
541 |
|
---|
542 |
|
---|
543 | </Content>
|
---|
544 | </Section>
|
---|
545 | <Section>
|
---|
546 | <Description>
|
---|
547 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.005</Metadata>
|
---|
548 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80666313</Metadata>
|
---|
549 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.302449081</Metadata>
|
---|
550 | <Metadata name="Chapter">25</Metadata>
|
---|
551 | <Metadata name="Title">25 Hoturoa Statue</Metadata>
|
---|
552 | </Description>
|
---|
553 | <Content>
|
---|
554 |
|
---|
555 | The statue here is Hoturoa and he was the captain of the Tainui waka.
|
---|
556 |
|
---|
557 | He is carved in a Tahitian style to represent the fact that there was no kind of
|
---|
558 |
|
---|
559 | indigenous New Zealand art; they were all from the islands. And so all these plants are
|
---|
560 |
|
---|
561 | the plants that we here natively when the waka began arriving. Lots of these native plants
|
---|
562 |
|
---|
563 | were used as foods or textiles, or other kinds of useful things by the early Maori. They discovered that
|
---|
564 |
|
---|
565 | these plants had medicinal uses or you could eat them.
|
---|
566 |
|
---|
567 |
|
---|
568 |
|
---|
569 | </Content>
|
---|
570 | </Section>
|
---|
571 | <Section>
|
---|
572 | <Description>
|
---|
573 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.009</Metadata>
|
---|
574 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80704729</Metadata>
|
---|
575 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3022264</Metadata>
|
---|
576 | <Metadata name="Chapter">26</Metadata>
|
---|
577 | <Metadata name="Title">26 Gate</Metadata>
|
---|
578 | </Description>
|
---|
579 | <Content>
|
---|
580 |
|
---|
581 | This structure represents an entrance way to a Pa or a Marae. The hut on the left of the entrance is a
|
---|
582 |
|
---|
583 | koutou which is a traditional food preparation structure and is outside because it's not tapu. Food preparation
|
---|
584 |
|
---|
585 | is not tapu; its noa, so it's not sacred.
|
---|
586 |
|
---|
587 |
|
---|
588 |
|
---|
589 | The figures on the gate tell the story of the discovery of Oka, the use of ochre to preserve timber and preserve
|
---|
590 |
|
---|
591 | carvings. The ochre is made with a kind of iron rich clay, mineral rich clay that is often found in stream beds. There
|
---|
592 |
|
---|
593 | are lots of different colours: the red that you see most places to a yellow, a black and a white. It is mixed with fat
|
---|
594 |
|
---|
595 | which soaks into the timber and helps preserve the timber. Often times the coastal tribes would use shark fat.
|
---|
596 |
|
---|
597 |
|
---|
598 |
|
---|
599 | Coming back to the figures on the gate, they tell the story of a man who was married and then the patupaiarehe, which
|
---|
600 |
|
---|
601 | are like the fairy people; came and stole his wife. He went to look for his wife and he couldn't ever find her because
|
---|
602 |
|
---|
603 | she would be there in the mist and then as soon as he went to get her she would disappear; so he could never get her back.
|
---|
604 |
|
---|
605 | So he went to see a Priest and the Priest said, &quot;You draw a circle around yourself with a mixture of kumara and ochre;
|
---|
606 |
|
---|
607 | smear it on the ground and then when she comes you'll embrace her and it will scare off the patupaiarehe&quot;. And the man
|
---|
608 |
|
---|
609 | did as he was told, and it worked. They say that the kind of the patupaiarehe who wanted to marry her still lives at the top
|
---|
610 |
|
---|
611 | of Mount Pirongia when the mist comes over that mountain. She is shown on the right hand side, her husband on the left side and
|
---|
612 |
|
---|
613 | the fairy people up the top.
|
---|
614 |
|
---|
615 |
|
---|
616 |
|
---|
617 | The figures with square shaped faces represent Matariki, which is the Pleiades.
|
---|
618 |
|
---|
619 | This is the constellation that is quite important for timing the kumara harvest. For
|
---|
620 |
|
---|
621 | the Greeks it was seven sisters but for a Maori it's a woman and six daughters.
|
---|
622 |
|
---|
623 |
|
---|
624 |
|
---|
625 |
|
---|
626 |
|
---|
627 |
|
---|
628 |
|
---|
629 |
|
---|
630 |
|
---|
631 | </Content>
|
---|
632 | </Section>
|
---|
633 | <Section>
|
---|
634 | <Description>
|
---|
635 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.009</Metadata>
|
---|
636 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80718379</Metadata>
|
---|
637 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.30205507</Metadata>
|
---|
638 | <Metadata name="Chapter">27</Metadata>
|
---|
639 | <Metadata name="Title">27 Koomera</Metadata>
|
---|
640 | </Description>
|
---|
641 | <Content>
|
---|
642 |
|
---|
643 | This is the realm of the cultivated food crops. They were brought here on the waka; they're not native to New
|
---|
644 |
|
---|
645 | Zealand, and there's actually just recently been a really important archaeological discovery on the west coast of
|
---|
646 |
|
---|
647 | the South American continent of a chicken bone that proves contact between Polynesians and south Americans. The Polynesians
|
---|
648 |
|
---|
649 | came to south America. When Columbus got to South America and discovered that there were chickens there. They didn't know why
|
---|
650 |
|
---|
651 | and at the same time Polynesians have got kumara, and kumara is native to south America. It doesn't appear in Europe; it's a
|
---|
652 |
|
---|
653 | new world crop. So there are theories that Polynesians came from Taiwan or they came from the old world. It leaves that question: Where did they get the kumara from?
|
---|
654 |
|
---|
655 |
|
---|
656 |
|
---|
657 | The kumara we've got growing in this area was the most important crop for Maori. It was the number one source of carbohydrate for
|
---|
658 |
|
---|
659 | them. All other the native plants together did not provide any productive capacity of this kind; the ease of its cultivation and so on.
|
---|
660 |
|
---|
661 | Kumara doesn't set seed in New Zealand because it is too cold. So every season they have to sort out the tubas that they're going to keep
|
---|
662 |
|
---|
663 | for the next year's planting and the tubas they're going to eat.
|
---|
664 |
|
---|
665 |
|
---|
666 |
|
---|
667 | The maori accumulated a vast knowledge on this problem of how to make sure that they have got enough kumara for the next crop. When
|
---|
668 |
|
---|
669 | the European explorers got here they had this huge plantation of really well organized plantations of kumara.
|
---|
670 |
|
---|
671 |
|
---|
672 |
|
---|
673 | So this entire garden is now set up for kumara planting in a central position. All kumara in this garden gets harvested and the
|
---|
674 |
|
---|
675 | first bit gets presented to the Maori King and then the rest of it gets eaten in a big hangi. The Hamilton Gardens grow at least
|
---|
676 |
|
---|
677 | two of the original four varieties from pre-European times. When Europeans got here and brought bigger, better kumara from South
|
---|
678 |
|
---|
679 | America, the Maori gardeners started using those as they yield bigger tubers. The old types of kumara got lost and then in the 1960s
|
---|
680 |
|
---|
681 | or 1970s the Crown science people were looking for the old varieties but could not find them anywhere. They had to go to a Japanese
|
---|
682 |
|
---|
683 | scientist who had been out here in New Zealand and got tubers to store them in Japan. So these old types that we have growing here owe
|
---|
684 |
|
---|
685 | their existence to a Japanese scientist.
|
---|
686 |
|
---|
687 |
|
---|
688 |
|
---|
689 | You will see that each plant is planted in a mound. The mound is there for lots of reasons. It increases the amount of sunlight
|
---|
690 |
|
---|
691 | that hits the ground, to keep it warmer for longer; especially when the sun gets low. You can't plant kumara until November and so it's
|
---|
692 |
|
---|
693 | really crucial to keep the end of the season as far away as possible. April, May; and the sun is getting quite low in the sky. Another
|
---|
694 |
|
---|
695 | aspect is increased drainage so the tubas don't rock. It also provides soil improvement and Maori gardening sites are usually discovered
|
---|
696 |
|
---|
697 | by the existence of borough pits, basically big holes in the ground where good soil; which is usually very, very sandy; very pumicey, would be dug
|
---|
698 |
|
---|
699 | up and watered. So the soil you see here is full of rocks and pumice and sand to make it much better draining than it otherwise would be. So we find
|
---|
700 |
|
---|
701 | very advanced soil improvement techniques that are certainly far beyond hunter gatherer type societies.
|
---|
702 |
|
---|
703 |
|
---|
704 |
|
---|
705 |
|
---|
706 |
|
---|
707 |
|
---|
708 |
|
---|
709 | </Content>
|
---|
710 | </Section>
|
---|
711 | <Section>
|
---|
712 | <Description>
|
---|
713 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.004</Metadata>
|
---|
714 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.80716643</Metadata>
|
---|
715 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.30177131</Metadata>
|
---|
716 | <Metadata name="Chapter">28</Metadata>
|
---|
717 | <Metadata name="Title">28 Mulberry Tree</Metadata>
|
---|
718 | </Description>
|
---|
719 | <Content>
|
---|
720 |
|
---|
721 | This is paper mulberry which can be used to make a type of cloth out of it. During the summer it grows like a weed. In the winter time it just dies down.
|
---|
722 |
|
---|
723 | In Northland it grows for the whole year but where there's a frost, it will die back.
|
---|
724 |
|
---|
725 |
|
---|
726 |
|
---|
727 |
|
---|
728 |
|
---|
729 | </Content>
|
---|
730 | </Section>
|
---|
731 | <Section>
|
---|
732 | <Description>
|
---|
733 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.004</Metadata>
|
---|
734 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.8072314</Metadata>
|
---|
735 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.30184732</Metadata>
|
---|
736 | <Metadata name="Chapter">29</Metadata>
|
---|
737 | <Metadata name="Title">29 Taro Plant</Metadata>
|
---|
738 | </Description>
|
---|
739 | <Content>
|
---|
740 |
|
---|
741 | This one is a Taro plant. You can eat the leaves and its root.
|
---|
742 |
|
---|
743 |
|
---|
744 |
|
---|
745 |
|
---|
746 |
|
---|
747 |
|
---|
748 |
|
---|
749 | </Content>
|
---|
750 | </Section>
|
---|
751 | <Section>
|
---|
752 | <Description>
|
---|
753 | <Metadata name="Radius">0.014</Metadata>
|
---|
754 | <Metadata name="Latitude">-37.8071683645</Metadata>
|
---|
755 | <Metadata name="Longitude">175.3020411730</Metadata>
|
---|
756 | <Metadata name="Chapter">30</Metadata>
|
---|
757 | <Metadata name="Title">30 Three Houses</Metadata>
|
---|
758 | </Description>
|
---|
759 | <Content>
|
---|
760 |
|
---|
761 | You can see three structures here. They are really interesting and the main focus point. All three of them are storage buildings.
|
---|
762 |
|
---|
763 | When the European missionaries arrived, they reported that the most elaborate sanctuary buildings in the village were not the chief's houses;
|
---|
764 |
|
---|
765 | they were the store rooms. There's an entirely alternative approach to property compared to the European approach. The rua goes down underground so
|
---|
766 |
|
---|
767 | it keeps the kumara's cool and dry. The patika and the whatarangi are raised up, to give security from feeding kids and rats.
|
---|
768 |
|
---|
769 |
|
---|
770 |
|
---|
771 | Storage house design varied depending on the tribe... some reports would say a whatarangi was 10 metres in the air with one single pole,
|
---|
772 |
|
---|
773 | and it was for dead people; they would put skeletons up there.
|
---|
774 |
|
---|
775 | If you look at the bottom panel of teh largest structure - that's a replica of a piece of wood that was found buried in a garden in Chartwell in the 1970s;
|
---|
776 |
|
---|
777 | this original piece of wood now belongs to the Waikato museum. So every effort has been made in this garden to make sure that the carvings are accurate, to
|
---|
778 |
|
---|
779 | pre-European carving style. Because of course, like any art form, there's changes in style and changes in technique, so where practical they have used traditional
|
---|
780 |
|
---|
781 | stone tools and traditional patterns .
|
---|
782 |
|
---|
783 |
|
---|
784 |
|
---|
785 |
|
---|
786 |
|
---|
787 |
|
---|
788 |
|
---|
789 |
|
---|
790 |
|
---|
791 |
|
---|
792 |
|
---|
793 |
|
---|
794 |
|
---|
795 |
|
---|
796 |
|
---|
797 |
|
---|
798 |
|
---|
799 | </Content>
|
---|
800 | </Section>
|
---|
801 | </Section>
|
---|
802 | </Archive>
|
---|