| 1 | ###########################################################################
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| 2 | #
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| 3 | # unicode.pm --
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| 4 | # A component of the Greenstone digital library software
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| 5 | # from the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the
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| 6 | # University of Waikato, New Zealand.
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| 7 | #
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| 8 | # Copyright (C) 1999 New Zealand Digital Library Project
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| 9 | #
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| 10 | # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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| 11 | # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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| 12 | # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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| 13 | # (at your option) any later version.
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| 14 | #
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| 15 | # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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| 16 | # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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| 17 | # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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| 18 | # GNU General Public License for more details.
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| 19 | #
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| 20 | # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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| 21 | # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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| 22 | # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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| 23 | #
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| 24 | ###########################################################################
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| 25 |
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| 26 | # useful functions for dealing with Unicode
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| 27 |
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| 28 | # Unicode strings are stored as arrays of scalars as perl
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| 29 | # lacks characters are 8-bit (currently)
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| 30 |
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| 31 | package unicode;
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| 32 | use encodings;
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| 33 |
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| 34 | # ascii2unicode takes an (extended) ascii string (ISO-8859-1)
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| 35 | # and returns a unicode array.
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| 36 | sub ascii2unicode {
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| 37 | my ($in) = @_;
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| 38 | my $out = [];
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| 39 |
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| 40 | my $i = 0;
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| 41 | my $len = length($in);
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| 42 | while ($i < $len) {
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| 43 | push (@$out, ord(substr ($in, $i, 1)));
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| 44 | $i++;
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| 45 | }
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| 46 |
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| 47 | return $out;
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| 48 | }
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| 49 |
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| 50 | # ascii2utf8 takes a reference to an (extended) ascii string and returns a
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| 51 | # UTF-8 encoded string. This is just a faster version of
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| 52 | # "&unicode2utf8(&ascii2unicode($str));"
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| 53 | sub ascii2utf8 {
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| 54 | my ($in) = @_;
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| 55 | my $out = "";
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| 56 |
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| 57 | if (!defined($in)|| !defined($$in)) {
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| 58 | return $out;
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| 59 | }
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| 60 |
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| 61 | my ($c);
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| 62 | my $i = 0;
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| 63 | my $len = length($$in);
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| 64 | while ($i < $len) {
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| 65 | $c = ord (substr ($$in, $i, 1));
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| 66 | if ($c < 0x80) {
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| 67 | # ascii character
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| 68 | $out .= chr ($c);
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| 69 |
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| 70 | } else {
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| 71 | # extended ascii character
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| 72 | $out .= chr (0xc0 + (($c >> 6) & 0x1f));
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| 73 | $out .= chr (0x80 + ($c & 0x3f));
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| 74 | }
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| 75 | $i++;
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| 76 | }
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| 77 |
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| 78 | return $out;
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| 79 | }
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| 80 |
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| 81 | # unicode2utf8 takes a unicode array as input and encodes it
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| 82 | # using utf-8
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| 83 | sub unicode2utf8 {
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| 84 | my ($in) = @_;
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| 85 | my $out = "";
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| 86 |
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| 87 | foreach $num (@$in) {
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| 88 | next unless defined $num;
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| 89 | if ($num < 0x80) {
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| 90 | $out .= chr ($num);
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| 91 |
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| 92 | } elsif ($num < 0x800) {
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| 93 | $out .= chr (0xc0 + (($num >> 6) & 0x1f));
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| 94 | $out .= chr (0x80 + ($num & 0x3f));
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| 95 |
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| 96 | } elsif ($num < 0xFFFF) {
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| 97 | $out .= chr (0xe0 + (($num >> 12) & 0xf));
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| 98 | $out .= chr (0x80 + (($num >> 6) & 0x3f));
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| 99 | $out .= chr (0x80 + ($num & 0x3f));
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| 100 |
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| 101 | } else {
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| 102 | # error, don't encode anything
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| 103 | die;
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| 104 | }
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| 105 | }
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| 106 | return $out;
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| 107 | }
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| 108 |
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| 109 | # utf82unicode takes a utf-8 string and produces a unicode
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| 110 | # array
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| 111 | sub utf82unicode {
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| 112 | my ($in) = @_;
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| 113 | my $out = [];
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| 114 |
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| 115 | my $i = 0;
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| 116 | my ($c1, $c2, $c3);
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| 117 | $len = length($in);
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| 118 | while ($i < $len) {
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| 119 | if (($c1 = ord(substr ($in, $i, 1))) < 0x80) {
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| 120 | # normal ascii character
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| 121 | push (@$out, $c1);
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| 122 |
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| 123 | } elsif ($c1 < 0xc0) {
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| 124 | # error, was expecting the first byte of an
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| 125 | # encoded character. Do nothing.
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| 126 |
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| 127 | } elsif ($c1 < 0xe0 && $i+1 < $len) {
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| 128 | # an encoded character with two bytes
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| 129 | $c2 = ord (substr ($in, $i+1, 1));
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| 130 | if ($c2 >= 0x80 && $c2 < 0xc0) {
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| 131 | # everything looks ok
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| 132 | push (@$out, ((($c1 & 0x1f) << 6) +
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| 133 | ($c2 & 0x3f)));
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| 134 | $i++; # gobbled an extra byte
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| 135 | }
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| 136 |
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| 137 | } elsif ($c1 < 0xf0 && $i+2 < $len) {
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| 138 | # an encoded character with three bytes
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| 139 | $c2 = ord (substr ($in, $i+1, 1));
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| 140 | $c3 = ord (substr ($in, $i+2, 1));
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| 141 | if ($c2 >= 0x80 && $c2 < 0xc0 &&
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| 142 | $c3 >= 0x80 && $c3 < 0xc0) {
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| 143 | # everything looks ok
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| 144 | push (@$out, ((($c1 & 0xf) << 12) +
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| 145 | (($c2 & 0x3f) << 6) +
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| 146 | ($c3 & 0x3f)));
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| 147 |
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| 148 | $i += 2; # gobbled an extra two bytes
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| 149 | }
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| 150 |
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| 151 | } else {
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| 152 | # error, only decode Unicode characters not full UCS.
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| 153 | # Do nothing.
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| 154 | }
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| 155 |
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| 156 | $i++;
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| 157 | }
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| 158 |
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| 159 | return $out;
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| 160 | }
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| 161 |
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| 162 | # unicode2ucs2 takes a unicode array and produces a UCS-2
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| 163 | # unicode string (every two bytes forms a unicode character)
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| 164 | sub unicode2ucs2 {
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| 165 | my ($in) = @_;
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| 166 | my $out = "";
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| 167 |
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| 168 | foreach $num (@$in) {
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| 169 | $out .= chr (($num & 0xff00) >> 8);
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| 170 | $out .= chr ($num & 0xff);
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| 171 | }
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| 172 |
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| 173 | return $out;
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| 174 | }
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| 175 |
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| 176 | # ucs22unicode takes a UCS-2 string and produces a unicode array
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| 177 | sub ucs22unicode {
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| 178 | my ($in) = @_;
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| 179 | my $out = [];
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| 180 |
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| 181 | my $i = 0;
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| 182 | my $len = length ($in);
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| 183 | while ($i+1 < $len) {
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| 184 | push (@$out, ord (substr($in, $i, 1)) << 8 +
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| 185 | ord (substr($in, $i+1, 1)));
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| 186 |
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| 187 | $i ++;
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| 188 | }
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| 189 |
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| 190 | return $out;
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| 191 | }
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| 192 |
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| 193 | # takes a reference to a string and returns a reference to a unicode array
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| 194 | sub convert2unicode {
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| 195 | my ($encoding, $textref) = @_;
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| 196 |
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| 197 | if (!defined $encodings::encodings->{$encoding}) {
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| 198 | print STDERR "unicode::convert2unicode: ERROR: Unsupported encoding ($encoding)\n";
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| 199 | return [];
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| 200 | }
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| 201 |
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| 202 | my $encodename = "$encoding-unicode";
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| 203 | my $enc_info = $encodings::encodings->{$encoding};
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| 204 | my $mapfile = &util::filename_cat($ENV{'GSDLHOME'}, "mappings",
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| 205 | "to_uc", $enc_info->{'mapfile'});
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| 206 | if (!&loadmapencoding ($encodename, $mapfile)) {
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| 207 | print STDERR "unicode: ERROR - could not load encoding $encodename\n";
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| 208 | return [];
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| 209 | }
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| 210 |
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| 211 | if (defined $enc_info->{'converter'}) {
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| 212 | my $converter = $enc_info->{'converter'};
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| 213 | return &$converter ($encodename, $textref);
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| 214 | }
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| 215 |
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| 216 | if ($translations{$encodename}->{'count'} == 1) {
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| 217 | return &singlebyte2unicode ($encodename, $textref);
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| 218 | } else {
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| 219 | return &doublebyte2unicode ($encodename, $textref);
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| 220 | }
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| 221 | }
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| 222 |
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| 223 | # singlebyte2unicode converts simple 8 bit encodings where characters below
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| 224 | # 0x80 are normal ascii characters and the rest are decoded using the
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| 225 | # appropriate mapping files.
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| 226 | #
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| 227 | # Examples of encodings that may be converted using singlebyte2unicode are
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| 228 | # the iso-8859 and windows-125* series).
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| 229 | sub singlebyte2unicode {
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| 230 | my ($encodename, $textref) = @_;
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| 231 |
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| 232 | my @outtext = ();
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| 233 | my $len = length($$textref);
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| 234 | my ($c);
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| 235 | my $i = 0;
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| 236 |
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| 237 | while ($i < $len) {
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| 238 | if (($c = ord(substr($$textref, $i, 1))) < 0x80) {
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| 239 | # normal ascii character
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| 240 | push (@outtext, $c);
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| 241 | } else {
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| 242 | $c = &transchar ($encodename, $c);
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| 243 | # put a black square if cannot translate
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| 244 | $c = 0x25A1 if $c == 0;
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| 245 | push (@outtext, $c);
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| 246 | }
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| 247 | $i ++;
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| 248 | }
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| 249 | return \@outtext;
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| 250 | }
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| 251 |
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| 252 | # doublebyte2unicode converts simple two byte encodings where characters
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| 253 | # below code point 0x80 are single-byte characters and the rest are
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| 254 | # double-byte characters.
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| 255 | #
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| 256 | # Examples of encodings that may be converted using doublebyte2unicode are
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| 257 | # CJK encodings like GB encoded Chinese and UHC Korean.
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| 258 | #
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| 259 | # Note that no error checking is performed to make sure that the input text
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| 260 | # is valid for the given encoding.
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| 261 | #
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| 262 | # Also, encodings that may contain characters of more than two bytes are
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| 263 | # not supported (any EUC encoded text may in theory contain 3-byte
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| 264 | # characters but in practice only one and two byte characters are used).
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| 265 | sub doublebyte2unicode {
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| 266 | my ($encodename, $textref) = @_;
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| 267 |
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| 268 | my @outtext = ();
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| 269 | my $len = length($$textref);
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| 270 | my ($c1, $c2);
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| 271 | my $i = 0;
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| 272 |
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| 273 | while ($i < $len) {
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| 274 | if (($c1 = ord(substr($$textref, $i, 1))) >= 0x80) {
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| 275 | if ($i+1 < $len) {
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| 276 | # double-byte character
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| 277 | $c2 = ord(substr($$textref, $i+1, 1));
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| 278 | my $c = &transchar ($encodename, ($c1 << 8) | $c2);
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| 279 | # put a black square if cannot translate
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| 280 | $c = 0x25A1 if $c == 0;
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| 281 | push (@outtext, $c);
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| 282 | $i += 2;
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| 283 |
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| 284 | } else {
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| 285 | # error
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| 286 | print STDERR "unicode: ERROR missing second half of double-byte character\n";
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| 287 | $i++;
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| 288 | }
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| 289 |
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| 290 | } else {
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| 291 | # single-byte character
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| 292 | push (@outtext, $c1);
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| 293 | $i++;
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| 294 | }
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| 295 | }
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| 296 | return \@outtext;
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| 297 | }
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| 298 |
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| 299 | # Shift-JIS to unicode
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| 300 | # We can't use doublebyte2unicode for Shift-JIS because it uses some
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| 301 | # single-byte characters above code point 0x80 (i.e. half-width katakana
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| 302 | # characters in the range 0xA1-0xDF)
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| 303 | sub shiftjis2unicode {
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| 304 | my ($encodename, $textref) = @_;
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| 305 |
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| 306 | my @outtext = ();
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| 307 | my $len = length($$textref);
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| 308 | my ($c1, $c2);
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| 309 | my $i = 0;
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| 310 |
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| 311 | while ($i < $len) {
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| 312 | $c1 = ord(substr($$textref, $i, 1));
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| 313 |
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| 314 | if (($c1 >= 0xA1 && $c1 <= 0xDF) || $c1 == 0x5c || $c1 == 0x7E) {
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| 315 | # Single-byte half-width katakana character or
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| 316 | # JIS Roman yen or overline characters
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| 317 | my $c = &transchar ($encodename, $c1);
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| 318 | # - put a black square if cannot translate
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| 319 | $c = 0x25A1 if $c == 0;
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| 320 | push (@outtext, $c);
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| 321 | $i++;
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| 322 |
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| 323 | } elsif ($c1 < 0x80) {
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| 324 | # ASCII
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| 325 | push (@outtext, $c1);
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| 326 | $i ++;
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| 327 |
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| 328 | } elsif ($c1 < 0xEF) {
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| 329 | if ($i+1 < $len) {
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| 330 | $c2 = ord(substr($$textref, $i+1, 1));
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| 331 | if (($c2 >= 0x40 && $c2 <= 0x7E) || ($c2 >= 0x80 && $c2 <= 0xFC)) {
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| 332 | # Double-byte shift-jis character
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| 333 | my $c = &transchar ($encodename, ($c1 << 8) | $c2);
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| 334 | # put a black square if cannot translate
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| 335 | $c = 0x25A1 if $c == 0;
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| 336 | push (@outtext, $c);
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| 337 | } else {
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| 338 | # error
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| 339 | print STDERR "unicode: ERROR Invalid Shift-JIS character\n";
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| 340 | }
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| 341 | $i += 2;
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| 342 | } else {
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| 343 | # error
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| 344 | print STDERR "unicode: ERROR missing second half of Shift-JIS character\n";
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| 345 | $i ++;
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| 346 | }
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| 347 | } else {
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| 348 | # error
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| 349 | print STDERR "unicode: ERROR Invalid Shift-JIS character\n";
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| 350 | $i ++;
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| 351 | }
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| 352 | }
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| 353 | return \@outtext;
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| 354 | }
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| 355 |
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| 356 | sub transchar {
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| 357 | my ($encoding, $from) = @_;
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| 358 | my $high = ($from / 256) % 256;
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| 359 | my $low = $from % 256;
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| 360 |
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| 361 | return 0 unless defined $translations{$encoding};
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| 362 |
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| 363 | my $block = $translations{$encoding}->{'map'};
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| 364 |
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| 365 | if (ref ($block->[$high]) ne "ARRAY") {
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| 366 | return 0;
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| 367 | }
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| 368 | return $block->[$high]->[$low];
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| 369 | }
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| 370 |
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| 371 | # %translations is of the form:
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| 372 | #
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| 373 | # encodings{encodingname-encodingname}->{'map'}->blocktranslation
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| 374 | # blocktranslation->[[0-255],[256-511], ..., [65280-65535]]
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| 375 | #
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| 376 | # Any of the top translation blocks can point to an undefined
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| 377 | # value. This data structure aims to allow fast translation and
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| 378 | # efficient storage.
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| 379 | %translations = ();
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| 380 |
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| 381 | # @array256 is used for initialisation, there must be
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| 382 | # a better way...
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| 383 | @array256 = (0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 384 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 385 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 386 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 387 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 388 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 389 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 390 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 391 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 392 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 393 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 394 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 395 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 396 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 397 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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| 398 | 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
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| 399 |
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| 400 | # returns 1 if successful, 0 if unsuccessful
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| 401 | sub loadmapencoding {
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| 402 | my ($encoding, $mapfile) = @_;
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| 403 |
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| 404 | # check to see if the encoding has already been loaded
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| 405 | return 1 if (defined $translations{$encoding});
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| 406 |
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| 407 | return 0 unless open (MAPFILE, $mapfile);
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| 408 | binmode (MAPFILE);
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| 409 |
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| 410 | $translations{$encoding} = {'map' => [@array256], 'count' => 0};
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| 411 | my $block = $translations{$encoding};
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| 412 |
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| 413 | my ($in,$i,$j);
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| 414 | while (read(MAPFILE, $in, 1) == 1) {
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| 415 | $i = unpack ("C", $in);
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| 416 | $block->{'map'}->[$i] = [@array256];
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| 417 | for ($j=0; $j<256 && read(MAPFILE, $in, 2)==2; $j++) {
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| 418 | my ($n1, $n2) = unpack ("CC", $in);
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| 419 | $block->{'map'}->[$i]->[$j] = ($n1*256) + $n2;
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| 420 | }
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| 421 | $block->{'count'} ++;
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| 422 | }
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| 423 |
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| 424 | close (MAPFILE);
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| 425 | }
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| 426 |
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| 427 | sub unicode2koi8r {
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| 428 | my ($uniref) = @_;
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| 429 |
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| 430 | my $outtext = "";
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| 431 | my $encodename = "unicode-koi8_r";
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| 432 | my $enc_info = $encodings::encodings->{"koi8_r"};
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| 433 | my $mapfile = &util::filename_cat($ENV{'GSDLHOME'}, "mappings",
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| 434 | "from_uc", $enc_info->{'mapfile'});
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| 435 | if (!&loadmapencoding ($encodename, $mapfile)) {
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| 436 | print STDERR "unicode: ERROR - could not load encoding $encodename\n";
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| 437 | return "";
|
|---|
| 438 | }
|
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| 439 |
|
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| 440 | foreach my $c (@$uniref) {
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|---|
| 441 | if ($c < 0x80) {
|
|---|
| 442 | # normal ascii character
|
|---|
| 443 | $outtext .= chr($c);
|
|---|
| 444 | } else {
|
|---|
| 445 | # extended ascii character
|
|---|
| 446 | $c = &transchar ($encodename, $c);
|
|---|
| 447 |
|
|---|
| 448 | # put a question mark if cannot translate
|
|---|
| 449 | if ($c == 0) {
|
|---|
| 450 | $outtext .= "?";
|
|---|
| 451 | } else {
|
|---|
| 452 | $outtext .= chr($c);
|
|---|
| 453 | }
|
|---|
| 454 | }
|
|---|
| 455 | }
|
|---|
| 456 | return $outtext;
|
|---|
| 457 | }
|
|---|
| 458 |
|
|---|
| 459 | 1;
|
|---|
