source: main/trunk/greenstone3/src/java/org/greenstone/applet/phind/JPhind.java@ 38937

/**********************************************************************
 * 2024 - rewriting as JApplet to work with webswing (which won't work with AWT Applet)
 * http://fizyka.umk.pl/~jacek/docs/javatutorial/uiswing/converting/how.html
 *
 * Phind.java -- the Phind java applet - modified to work with gsdl3 kjdon
 *
 * Copyright 1997-2000 Gordon W. Paynter
 * Copyright 2000 The New Zealand Digital Library Project
 *
 * A component of the Greenstone digital library software
 * from the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the
 * University of Waikato, New Zealand.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 *
 *********************************************************************/


/*********************************************************************

JPhind is a JApplet swing port of the awt Phind Applet and can be run
as an application too due to the inclusion of the main() method.

To run as an applet, ensure PhindPhraseBrowse.java refers to JPhind.class
(not the old Phind.class Applet), then run in commandline:

appletviewer "http://localhost:8383/greenstone3/gs2-library?a=a&rt=d&s=PhindApplet&c=tudor"

To run this applet as an application, for which purpose this class has a main() method, run as:

java -cp ./web/WEB-INF/lib/gsdl3.jar:./web/WEB-INF/lib/gutil.jar:./web/applet/phind.jar:./web/applet/xercesImpl.jar:./web/applet/xml-apis.jar:./web/WEB-INF/lib/log4j-1.2.8.jar:./web/WEB-INF/classes org.greenstone.applet.phind.JPhind "http://localhost:8383/greenstone3/library?a=a&rt=d&s=PhindApplet&c=tudor" --collection tudor --classifier 1 --phindcgi "?a=a&rt=r&s=PhindApplet&o=xml&ro=1" --library "library" --backdrop "interfaces/default/images/phindbg1.jpg" --xtraParams "orientation=vertical&depth=2&resultorder=L,l,E,e,D,d&fontsize=10&blocksize=10"

Basic version:
java -cp ./web/WEB-INF/lib/gsdl3.jar:./web/WEB-INF/lib/gutil.jar:./web/applet/phind.jar:./web/applet/xercesImpl.jar:./web/applet/xml-apis.jar:./web/WEB-INF/lib/log4j-1.2.8.jar:./web/WEB-INF/classes org.greenstone.applet.phind.JPhind "http://localhost:8383/greenstone3/gs2-library" --collection tudor --classifier 1 --phindcgi "?a=a&rt=r&s=PhindApplet&o=xml&ro=1" --library "gs2-library" --backdrop "interfaces/default/images/phindbg1.jpg"

To print very basic usage, run this as an application so:
java -cp ./web/WEB-INF/lib/gsdl3.jar:./web/WEB-INF/lib/gutil.jar:./web/applet/phind.jar:./web/WEB-INF/lib/log4j-1.2.8.jar:./web/WEB-INF/classes org.greenstone.applet.phind.JPhind


To use the applet, you'll need to embed it in a web page like this:

<APPLET CODE="Phind.class" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=500>

  <PARAM NAME=collection  VALUE="fao.org">
  <PARAM NAME=classifier  VALUE="1">
  <PARAM NAME=phindcgi    VALUE="http://kowhai/cgi-bin/phindcgi">
  <PARAM NAME=library     VALUE="http://kowhai/cgi-bin/library">
  <PARAM NAME=backdrop    VALUE="http://kowhai/~paynter/transfer/phindtest/green1.jpg">
  The Phind java applet.
</APPLET>

There are a bunch of other parameters; these are described in the 
getParameters method below.  It is all done for you in Greenstone
in the document.dm macro file (the _phindapplet_ macro).

You may have problems with Java applet security.  Java applet's can only
open socket connections (including the HTTP connections the applet uses 
to get data) to the same server the applet was loaded from.  This means
that your phindcgi, library, and (optional) backdrop URLs must be on the
same machine that your web page was loaded from.

**********************************************************************

The applet comprises several classes:

1. Phind (this file) is the applet class, loaded by the browser.
   It also handles network connections.
2. ResultDisplay is a Panel that sits in the applet and displays 
   things; displays are connected in a doubly-linked list.
3. ResultBox holds the results of a query.  Result boxes are shown
   to the user through ResultDisplays.  Another doubly-linked list.
4. ResultTitle acts as a caption to a ResultBox describing its contents.
5. ResultCanvas is what the ResultBox data is drawn on.  It draws the
   words on the screen, and handles user input from the mouse.
6. ResultItem represents a single result object (a phrase or document).
7. PhindTitle is for drawing backdrops in ResultDisplays.

**********************************************************************/

package org.greenstone.applet.phind;

import org.webswing.toolkit.api.WebswingUtil;

import javax.swing.JApplet;
import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.JButton;

//import java.awt.Choice;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Image;

import java.net.URL;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.io.DataInputStream;

import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.Date;

import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
//import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.apache.xerces.parsers.DOMParser;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class JPhind extends JApplet 
    implements ActionListener {

    // if run as webswing vs either commandline application or as applet through appletviewer
    boolean isWebswing = false;
    // if run as applet vs application
    boolean isRunAsApplet = true;
    
    // set only if JPhind object is run as an application
    URL docBaseURL = null;
    JLabel statusBar = null;    
    Map<String,String> appParams;
    
    // What is the collection called?
    public String collection;

    // Which phind classifier are we using? (There may be more than one.)
    public String classifier;

    // Internet address of phind resources
    public String library_address, phindcgi_address;

    // Initial search term
    public String initialSearch;

    // Number of phrases to retrieve at any one time
    public int phraseBlockSize;

    // Appearance parameters
    public boolean vertical;
    public int depth;

    // Font
    public int fontSize;
    public String fontName;
    public Font plainFont, boldFont;

    // Do we want a background image in the applet?
    public boolean showImage;
    public String backdrop_address;
    public Image backgroundImage;
    public boolean showBorder;

    // Colours
    public Color panel_fg, panel_bg,
    column_1_fg, column_1_bg, 
    column_2_fg, column_2_bg,
    highlight_fg, highlight_bg,
    thesaurus_fg, thesaurus_bg, thesaurus_bar_fg, thesaurus_bar_bg,
    expansion_fg, expansion_bg, expansion_bar_fg, expansion_bar_bg,
    document_fg, document_bg, document_bar_fg, document_bar_bg,
    message_fg, message_bg;
    
    // Column dimensions
    int column_1_width, column_2_width;

    // Where do we open new windows
    String searchWindowName, documentWindowName;

    // the mode of operation
    int mode;
    final int initMode = 0;
    final int idleMode = 1;
    final int searchMode = 2;

    // Elements of the control panel
    boolean showControlPanel;
    JLabel titleLabel;
    JTextField wordField;
    JButton searchButton, prevButton, nextButton;

    // Holders for the downloaded data
    JPanel resultPanel;
    JResultDisplay firstDisplay, lastDisplay;

    // The time at which the last query finished
    Date lastQueryEndTime;

    // lastQueryEndTime is stored to ensure a 1 second gap between a query
    // returning and a new one beginning.  It is needed because the FAO
    // folks in Rome have a huge lag, and frquently click several times
    // while they wait; these clicks are turned into new queries, which
    // they await again.  It is no elegant solution, but it seems like the
    // easiest, given that I don't know threads.
    // 1. The search button is easy to disable, and is disabled when a
    //    socket connection is in progress.
    // 2. ResutCanvas widgets can't be similarly disabled because the
    //    browser hides or wipes them, which looks very bad.
    // 3. I cannot just ignore clicks on canvasses because the browser
    //    caches the clicks while the socket connection is going on, and then
    //    sends them through afterwards, when the canvas is accepting clicks
    //    again.
    // 4. Current sequence of events is to record the time the last query
    //    ends, then whenever a click happens make sure a second has past.  if
    //    you double-click the the first query is sent, returns, end-tie is
    //    set, and the second (and any others made during query time) is
    //    *immediately* processed, but since 1 second hasn't past it is
    //    ignored.


    public JPhind() { super(); /*super.init();*/ }

    public JPhind(String[] args) {

    this.isRunAsApplet = false;
    try {
        this.docBaseURL = new URL(args[0]);     
    } catch(MalformedURLException mue) {        
        mue.printStackTrace();
        System.err.println("*** Unable to instantiate URL from parameter: " + args[0]);
        System.exit(-1);
    }

    appParams = new HashMap<String,String>((args.length+1)/2);

    String key = null;
    String value = null;
    for(int i = 1; i < args.length; i++) { // after arg0, have key-value pairs (params)
        if(i%2==1) {
        key = args[i].substring(2); // remove -- prefix of paramname
        //System.err.println("got key: " + key);
        } else {
        value = args[i];
        appParams.put(key, value);
        //System.err.println("got value: " + value);


        // HttpUtils.parseQueryString() deprecated, so hacking decode xtra key-value pairs
        // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13592236/parse-a-uri-string-into-name-value-collection?page=1&tab=scoredesc#tab-top
        // String.split() is preferred over Tokenizer but 2nd parameter behaves differently
        // than I expected.
        // https://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#split%28java.lang.String,%20int%29
        if(key.equals("xtraParams")) {
            value = value.replace("&amp;", "&"); // just in case we have html entities
            String[] param_list = value.split("&", 0); // 0 for all occurrences
            for(String key_val : param_list) {          
            String[] paramPair = key_val.split("=", 2); // get first 2 strings, key and val
            //System.err.println("key_val: " + key_val);
            if(paramPair.length == 2) {
                String xtraParamsKey = paramPair[0];
                String xtraParamsVal = paramPair[1];
                //System.err.println("key - val: " + xtraParamsKey + " - " + xtraParamsVal);
                appParams.put(xtraParamsKey, xtraParamsVal);
            }
            }
        }
        
        key = value = null;
        }
    }

    isWebswing = appParams.getOrDefault("webswing", "0").equals("1") ? true : false;
    
    // manually calling (J)Applet method init()
    init();
    }

    /**
     * Overriding (J)Applet method getParameter to first check appParams map
     * if Phind was run run as an application.
     * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15905127/overridden-methods-in-javadoc
    */
    @Override    
    public String getParameter(String name) {
    if(!isRunAsApplet) {
        return appParams.get(name);
    }
    else {
        return super.getParameter(name);
    }
    }

    @Override    
    public void stop() {
    if(!isRunAsApplet) {
        System.exit(-1);
    }
    else {
        super.stop(); // or put this applet's stop() method's contents here if there was one
    }
    }
    
    public String getAppletInfo() {
    return "Phind by Gordon Paynter ([email protected]). Copyright 1997-2000.";
    }


    public void init() {

    mode = initMode;
    
    // Read applet parameters
    getParameters();

    // Initialise the user interface
    setBackground(panel_bg);
    lastQueryEndTime = new Date();

    // fonts used to output text
    plainFont = new Font(fontName, Font.PLAIN, fontSize);
    boldFont  = new Font(fontName, Font.BOLD, fontSize);

    // The phind applet layout manager
    setLayout(new BorderLayout());

    // Panel containing the displays is in the center of the display
    resultPanel = new JPanel();
    if (vertical) {
        resultPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(depth,1,0,2));
    } else {
        System.out.println("horizontal");
        resultPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,depth,2,0));
    }
    add(resultPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

    // Manual status bar to mimic applet's default one, in case we
    // want one if we run Collage as application And in fact, when
    // webswing runs our applet, we never get a status bar. So we
    // can create a custom status bar now even if we're running as
    // an applet.  When this applet is run through the
    // appletviewer we might end up with 2 status bars.
    
    //if(!isRunAsApplet) {
        statusBar = new JLabel();
        this.add(statusBar, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        Dimension d = statusBar.getSize();
        d.height = fontSize + 10;
        statusBar.setPreferredSize(d);
    //}
    
    // Create ResultDisplays and place into the interface
    JResultDisplay d1, d2 = null;
    firstDisplay = new JResultDisplay(this, null);
    resultPanel.add(firstDisplay);

    if (depth == 1) {
        lastDisplay = firstDisplay;
    } else {
        d1 = firstDisplay;
        for (int i = 2; i <= depth; i++) {
        d2 = new JResultDisplay(this, d1);
        resultPanel.add(d2);
        d1 = d2;
        }
        lastDisplay = d2;
    }

    // The control panel
    initialiseControlPanel();

    // lets get started then
    setStatus("Welcome to Phind.");
    mode = idleMode;

    // Perform initial search, if requested
    if (initialSearch.length() > 0) {
        searchForWord(initialSearch);
    }

    }


    // Display a message in the status bar
    void setStatus(String status) {
    showStatus(status);
    }

    // The user performs an action in the interface
    /*   public boolean action(Event evt, Object arg) {

    if (evt.getSource() == searchButton) {
        System.out.println("evt source ==searchButton");
        searchForWord(getSearchTerm());
    } else if (evt.getSource() == wordField) {
        System.out.println("evt source ==wordField");
        searchForWord(getSearchTerm());
    } else if (evt.getSource() == prevButton) {
        shiftPrevious();
    } else if (evt.getSource() == nextButton) {
        shiftNext();
    } else {
        System.out.println("unknown action: " + evt.toString() 
                   + ", object: " + arg.toString());
    }
    return true;
    }

    */

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
    
    JComponent target = (JComponent)evt.getSource();
    if (target==searchButton) {
        System.out.println("search button pressed");
        searchForWord(getSearchTerm());
    } else if (target == wordField)  {
        System.out.println("word field entered");
        searchForWord(getSearchTerm());
    } else if (target == prevButton) {
        System.out.println("prev button pressed");
        shiftPrevious();
    }else if (target == nextButton) {
        System.out.println("prev button pressed");
        shiftNext();
    } else {
        System.out.println("unknown action: " + evt.toString() );
        
    }
    }

    // Search for a word 
    //
    // Called on two occasions:
    //   when the "Search" Button is pressed, or
    //   to perform an "initial search"
    void searchForWord(String searchWord) {

    System.err.println("in searchforword!!");
    if (mode == idleMode) {
        
        setSearchTerm(searchWord);

        // Convert the String from UTF8 charaters into 
        // an encoding that is okay for a URL.
        searchWord = URLUTF8Encoder.encode(searchWord);

        // Look up the word
        if (searchWord.length() > 1) {
        setStatus("searching for \"" + searchWord + "\""); 
        firstDisplay.emptyContents();
        JResultBox result = lookupPhraseOnServer(null, false, searchWord, searchWord, 2);

        // if there is an error, return
        if (result == null) {
            setStatus("No results for \"" + searchWord + "\""); 
            return;
        }

        // display the result
        result.display = firstDisplay.display(result);
        result.setSize(result.display.getSize());
        result.paintAll(result.getGraphics());
        }

        enablePreviousAndNext();
    }
    }
  

    // Search for a phrase
    //
    // If querymode is 2, the user has clicked on a phrase.
    // If querymode is 3, the user has requested more phrases.
    // If querymode is 4, the user has requested more documents.
    void searchForPhrase(JResultBox source, String key, String phrase, int queryMode) {

    // System.out.println("searchForPhrase: " + key + " " + phrase + " " + queryMode);

    if (mode == idleMode) {

        // If we are going to replace the first ResultDisplay, then empty it
        if (queryMode <= 2) {
        if (source.display.next != null) source.display.next.emptyContents();
        }

        // look up the word
        setStatus("Searching for \"" + phrase + "\""); 
        JResultBox result = lookupPhraseOnServer(source, true, key, phrase, queryMode);
        if (result == null) {
        setStatus("No result for \"" + phrase + "\""); 
        return;
        }

        // If this is not already displayed, display it in the last free spot
        if (queryMode <= 2) {
        result.display = lastDisplay.display(result);
        result.setSize(result.display.getSize());
        result.paintAll(result.getGraphics());
        }

        enablePreviousAndNext();
    }
    }


    // Look up a phrase (or symbol) on the server
    //
    // Arguments are the source of the query (a ResultBox, or null if the
    // query comes from hitting the search button), the key to search for
    // (the text of a phrase or a symbol number), the phrase as a string, 
    // and the query mode.
    // Query modes are: 
    //   0 = obsolete
    //   1 = obsolete
    //   2 = get first N phrases and URLs,
    //   3 = get another N phrases into same window
    //   4 = get another N documents into same window
    //   5 = get another N thesaurus links into same window

    JResultBox lookupPhraseOnServer(JResultBox source, 
                   boolean keyKnown, String key, String phrase, 
                   int queryMode) { 
        disableSearchButton();
    mode = searchMode;
    JResultBox r = null;

    if (queryMode <= 2) {
        r = new JResultBox(this, collection, key, phrase, source);
    } else if ((queryMode == 3) || (queryMode == 4) || (queryMode == 5)) {
        r = source;
    }

    try { 
        queryServer(keyKnown, key, queryMode, r);
    } catch (Exception e) { 
        System.out.println("Phind query error: " + e.toString());
        setStatus("Query error: " + e.toString());
        mode = idleMode;
        enableSearchButton();
        return null;
    }
      
    // The query is finished
    setStatus(r.c.numberOfItems + " results for \"" + phrase + "\""); 
    mode = idleMode;
    enableSearchButton();
    lastQueryEndTime = new Date();

    return r;
    }


    // Query the phindcgi program
    //
    // Send a query (a word or symbol number) to the server
    // and pass the response to a ResultBox.

    void queryServer(boolean keyKnown, String word, int queryMode, JResultBox area) 
    throws IOException {

    // Build the query
    String query = phindcgi_address + "c=" + collection + "&pc=" + classifier;

    if (keyKnown) {
      query = query + "&ppnum=" + word;
    } else {
      query = query + "&ppnum=0" + "&pptext=" + word;
    }

    
    // Specify the set of results to return 
    int first_e = 0;
    int last_e = 0;
    int first_d = 0;
    int last_d = 0;
    int first_l = 0;
    int last_l = 0;

    // the initial query
    if (queryMode <= 2) {
      last_e = phraseBlockSize;
      last_d = phraseBlockSize;
      last_l = phraseBlockSize;
    }

    // add phrases to an existing result set
    else if (queryMode == 3) {
      first_e = area.nextPhraseBlock * phraseBlockSize;
      area.nextPhraseBlock++;
      last_e = area.nextPhraseBlock * phraseBlockSize;
    } 
    
    // add documents to existing result set
    else if (queryMode == 4) {
      first_d = area.nextDocumentBlock * phraseBlockSize;
      area.nextDocumentBlock++;
      last_d = area.nextDocumentBlock * phraseBlockSize;
    }

    // add thesaurus links to existing result set
    else if (queryMode == 5) {
      first_l = area.nextThesaurusLinkBlock * phraseBlockSize;
      area.nextThesaurusLinkBlock++;
      last_l = area.nextThesaurusLinkBlock * phraseBlockSize;
    }

    query = query + "&pfe=" + first_e + "&ple=" + last_e
                      + "&pfd=" + first_d + "&pld=" + last_d
                      + "&pfl=" + first_l + "&pll=" + last_l;

    // Send the query to the phindcgi program 
    System.out.println("1:sending query: " + query);
    try {
        URL phindcgi = new URL(query);
        DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(phindcgi.openStream());
        DOMParser parser = new DOMParser();
        parser.parse(new InputSource(in));
        Document data_doc = parser.getDocument();
        Element data_elem = data_doc.getDocumentElement();
        area.parseXML(data_elem);
        in.close();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.err.println( "Error sending query to phindcgi: " + e);
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    area.repaint();
    }
    
    @Override
    public void showStatus(String msg) {
    // Either firefox doesn't provide a status bar window for applets any more or webswing
    // doesn't provide a status window, so we don't see Applet.showStatus() output appear
    // in webswing-phind and in fact don't even see any Applet statusBar in webswing.
    // However, since we print useful and interesting information to the status bar,
    // we'll now always show and print to our manually added statusBar now
    // not only if(!isRunAsApplet) when we needed to manually create a statusBar.
    this.statusBar.setText(msg);
    if(isRunAsApplet) {
        super.showStatus(msg);
    }
    }
    
    @Override
    public URL getDocumentBase() {
    if(!isRunAsApplet) { // launched as application
        //System.err.println("*** docBaseURL: " + docBaseURL);
        return this.docBaseURL;
    } else {
        return super.getDocumentBase();
    }
    }
    
    // Tidy up URLs
    //
    // Ensure a URL address (as string) has a protocol, host, and file.
    //
    // If the URL is a CGI script URL, it should be tidied up so that it is
    // appropriate to tage attrib=value pairs on the end.  This means it
    // must either end with a "?" or (if it contains a question-mark
    // internally) end with a "&".
    String tidy_URL(String address, boolean isCGI) {

    System.err.println("tidy URL: " + address);
    
    // make sure the URL has protocol, host, and file
    if (address.startsWith("http") || address.startsWith("https")) {
        // the address has all the necessary components
    } else if (address.startsWith("/")) {
        // there is not protocol and host
        URL document = getDocumentBase();
        //if(document == null) {
        //  document = getDocumentBase(address);
        //}
        String port = "";
        if (document.getPort()!=-1) {
        port = ":" + document.getPort();
        }
        address = "http://" + document.getHost() + port  + address;
    } else {
        // this URL is relative to the directory the document is in
        URL document = getDocumentBase();
        //if(document == null) {
        //  document = getDocumentBase(address);
        //}
        String directory = document.getFile();
        int end = directory.lastIndexOf('/');
        String port = "";
        if (document.getPort()!=-1) {
        port = ":" + document.getPort();
        }
        directory = directory.substring(0,end + 1);
        address = "http://" + document.getHost() + port + directory + address;

    }

    // if the URL is a cgi script, make sure it has a "?" in ti,
    // and that it ends with a "?" or "&"
    if (isCGI) {
        if (address.indexOf((int) '?') == -1) { 
        address = address + "?";
        } else if (!address.endsWith("?")) {
        address = address + "&";
        }
    }

    return address;
    }



    // Open an arbitrary web page
    void displayWebPage(String address, String window) {
    try { 
        URL url= new URL(address);
        if(isRunAsApplet) {
        if (window.length() > 0) {
            getAppletContext().showDocument(url, window);
        } else {
            getAppletContext().showDocument(url);
        }
        } else if(isWebswing) { // webswing and not applet but application
        if (window.length() > 0) {
            WebswingUtil.getWebswingApi().sendActionEvent("openURL",
                                  url.toString() + " - " +window,
                                  null);
        } else {
            WebswingUtil.getWebswingApi().sendActionEvent("openURL", url.toString(), null);
        }
        } else { // else application, but not webswing, TODO: open browser at the URL
        System.err.println("Phind.displayWebPage() for non-applet and non-webswing application is not yet implemented.");
        }
    } catch (Exception e) { 
        System.out.println("Cannot open web page: " + e.toString());
    }
    }


    // Get the applet parameters
    void getParameters() {
    String webswing = parameterValue("webswing", "0");
    isWebswing = webswing.equals("1") ? true : false;
    
    // What is this collection called?
    collection = parameterValue("collection");

    String docBase = getDocumentBase().toString();
    int index = -1;
    // Fallback for webswing, as customising applet param "collection" didn't work
    // and the ideally-customisable collection and library applet params remain null
    // This assumes webswing running the applet has a docBase URL of the form:
    //docBase = "http://localhost:8383/greenstone3/library/collection/tudor/page/phind";
    if(collection == null) {
        //System.err.println("*** docBase: " + docBase);
        index = docBase.indexOf("collection/");     
        if(index != -1) {
        index += "collection/".length();
        int endIndex = docBase.indexOf("/", index);
        collection = docBase.substring(index, endIndex);
        //System.err.println("*** collection: " + docBase.substring(index, endIndex) );
        }
    }
        
    System.out.println("Phind collection: " + collection);

    // Which of the collection's classifiers are we using?
    classifier = parameterValue("classifier", "1");
    System.out.println("Phind classifier: " + classifier);

    // Where is the Greenstone library
    library_address = parameterValue("library");
    
    // Fallback for webswing, as customising applet param "library" didn't work
    if(library_address == null) {   
        index = docBase.indexOf("/collection");
        if(index != -1) {
        String docBasePrefix = docBase.substring(0, index);
        index = docBasePrefix.lastIndexOf("/");     
        if(index != -1) {
            
            library_address = docBasePrefix.substring(index+1);
            //System.err.println("*** library: " + docBasePrefix.substring(index+1) );
        }
        }
    }   
    library_address = tidy_URL(library_address, true);
    System.out.println("Phind library: " + library_address);

    // Where is the phind CGI script
    // we assume this is relative to the greenstone library
    phindcgi_address = parameterValue("library")+parameterValue("phindcgi");
    phindcgi_address = phindcgi_address.replace("&amp;", "&");
    phindcgi_address = tidy_URL(phindcgi_address, true);
    System.out.println("Phind phindcgi: " + phindcgi_address);

    
    // Is there a default search term?
    initialSearch = parameterValue("initial_search", "");

    // Should we display the control panel
    showControlPanel = true;
    if (parameterValue("control_panel", "show").toLowerCase().equals("hide")) {
        showControlPanel = false;
    }
    
    // Should we show a background image?
    backdrop_address = parameterValue("backdrop", "");
    if (backdrop_address.length() > 0) {
        backdrop_address = tidy_URL(backdrop_address, false);
        System.out.println("Phind backdrop URL: " + backdrop_address);

        try {
        URL backdrop_url = new URL(backdrop_address);
        backgroundImage = getImage(backdrop_url);
        showImage = true;
        } catch (Exception e) { 
        System.out.println("Phind could not load " + backdrop_address);
        showImage = false;
        }
    }

    // Should we draw a border?
    showBorder = parameterValue("border", "on").equals("off");

    // Are the windows arranged vertically or horizontally
    if (parameterValue("orientation", "vertical").toLowerCase().startsWith("hori")) {
        vertical = false;
    } else {
        vertical = true;
    }
    
    // How many phind windows are there?
    depth = parameterValue("depth", 3);

    // Result sort order
    // Standard is "LlEeDd", expansion-first is "EeLlDd"
    String order = parameterValue("resultorder", "standard");
    if (!order.equals("standard")) {
        int next = 20;
        ResultItem.sortMessage = next;
        for (int x = 0; x < order.length(); x++) {
        if (order.charAt(x) == ',') {
            next--;
        } else if (order.charAt(x) == 'L') {
            ResultItem.sortLinkItem = next;
        } else if (order.charAt(x) == 'l') {
            ResultItem.sortMoreLinks = next;
        } else if (order.charAt(x) == 'E') {
            ResultItem.sortPhraseItem = next;
        } else if (order.charAt(x) == 'e') {
            ResultItem.sortMorePhrases = next;
        } else if (order.charAt(x) == 'D') {
            ResultItem.sortDocumentItem = next;
        } else if (order.charAt(x) == 'd') {
            ResultItem.sortMoreDocuments = next;
        }
        }
        System.out.println("link: " + ResultItem.sortLinkItem);
        System.out.println("exps: " + ResultItem.sortPhraseItem);
        System.out.println("docs: " + ResultItem.sortDocumentItem);

    }

    // How many phrases should we fetch at any given time?
    phraseBlockSize = parameterValue("blocksize", 10);

    // What font should we use?
    fontSize = parameterValue("fontsize", 10);
    fontName = parameterValue("fontname", "Helvetica");

    // Column dimensions
    column_1_width = parameterValue("first_column_width", 6);
    column_2_width = parameterValue("second_column_width", column_1_width);
    
    // Where do we open new windows
    searchWindowName = parameterValue("search_window", "phindsearch");
    documentWindowName = parameterValue("document_window", "phinddoc");

    // Colours
    panel_fg = parameterValue("panel_fg", Color.black);
    panel_bg = parameterValue("panel_bg", Color.white);

    highlight_bg = parameterValue("highlight_bg", Color.yellow);

    expansion_fg = parameterValue("expansion_fg", Color.black);
    thesaurus_fg = parameterValue("thesaurus_fg", new Color(0, 100, 0));
    document_fg = parameterValue("document_fg", Color.blue);

    thesaurus_bar_fg = parameterValue("thesaurus_bar_fg", Color.black);
    expansion_bar_fg = parameterValue("expansion_bar_fg", Color.black);
    document_bar_fg = parameterValue("document_bar_fg", Color.black);

    thesaurus_bar_bg = parameterValue("thesaurus_bar_bg", new Color(160, 160, 190));
    expansion_bar_bg = parameterValue("expansion_bar_bg", new Color(255, 200, 200));
    document_bar_bg = parameterValue("document_bar_bg", new Color(150, 193, 156));

    column_1_fg = parameterValue("first_column_fg", Color.black);
    column_1_bg = parameterValue("first_column_bg", new Color(235, 245, 235));
    column_2_fg = parameterValue("second_column_fg", Color.black);
    column_2_bg = parameterValue("second_column_bg", new Color(200, 220, 200));

    message_fg = parameterValue("message_fg", Color.black);
    message_bg = parameterValue("message_bg", Color.white);

    // Colours I don't use, yet
    // thesaurus_bg = parameterValue("thesaurus_bg", Color.white);
    // expansion_bg = parameterValue("expansion_bg", Color.white);
    // document_bg = parameterValue("document_bg", Color.white);
    }

    // Get the value of a parameter given its name.
    // There are many types of parameters, hence the variety of functions.

    // Get a REQUIRED string.  Stop the applet if we cannot.
    String parameterValue(String name) {
    try { 
        return getParameter(name);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.err.println("Phind: you must give a parameter for \"" 
                   + name + "\".  Stopping.");
        stop();
    }
    return "";
    }

    // Get an optional parameter.  Return a default if we cannot.
    String parameterValue(String name, String defaultValue) {
    String text = getParameter(name);
    if (text == null) {
        return defaultValue;
    }
    System.out.println("Phind " + name + ": " + text);
    return text;
    }

    int parameterValue(String name, int defaultValue) {
    int value;
    try { 
        value = Integer.parseInt(getParameter(name));
    } catch (Exception e) {
        return defaultValue;
    }
    System.out.println("Phind " + name + ": " + value);
    return value;
    }

    Color parameterValue(String name, Color defaultValue) {

    String text = getParameter(name);
    if (text == null) {
        return defaultValue;
    }
    text = text.toLowerCase();

    // a number of the form "#ddffee" 
    if (text.startsWith("#") && (text.length() == 7)) {
        text = text.substring(1);
        int r, g, b;
        try {
        r = Integer.parseInt(text.substring(0,2), 16);
        g = Integer.parseInt(text.substring(2,4), 16);
        b = Integer.parseInt(text.substring(4), 16);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
        }  catch (Exception e) {
        return defaultValue;
        }
    }

    // a known Java colour string
    else if (text.equals("black")) { return Color.black; }
    else if (text.equals("blue")) { return Color.blue; }
    else if (text.equals("cyan")) { return Color.cyan; }
    else if (text.equals("darkgray")) { return Color.darkGray; }
    else if (text.equals("gray")) { return Color.gray; }
    else if (text.equals("green")) { return Color.green; }
    else if (text.equals("lightgray")) { return Color.lightGray; }
    else if (text.equals("magenta")) { return Color.magenta; }
    else if (text.equals("orange")) { return Color.orange; }
    else if (text.equals("pink")) { return Color.pink; }
    else if (text.equals("red")) { return Color.red; }
    else if (text.equals("white")) { return Color.white; }
    else if (text.equals("yellow")) { return Color.yellow; }

    return defaultValue;
    }


    // Control panel operations

    // Initialise the control panel
    void initialiseControlPanel() {

    if (showControlPanel) {
        JPanel p1 = new JPanel();
        this.add(p1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        p1.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER, 0, 0));
        
        searchButton = new JButton("Search");
        searchButton.setFont(boldFont);
        //searchButton.setEnabled(true);
        searchButton.addActionListener(this);
        p1.add(searchButton);
        
        JLabel tempLabel = new JLabel("  for");
        tempLabel.setFont(boldFont);
        p1.add(tempLabel);
        
        wordField = new JTextField(12);
        wordField.setFont(boldFont);
        wordField.addActionListener(this);
        p1.add(wordField);
        
        JLabel temp2 = new JLabel("          ");
        p1.add(temp2);
        
        prevButton = new JButton("Previous");
        prevButton.setFont(boldFont);
        prevButton.addActionListener(this);
        prevButton.setEnabled(false);
        
        p1.add(prevButton);
        
        nextButton = new JButton("  Next  ");
        nextButton.setFont(boldFont);
        nextButton.addActionListener(this);
        nextButton.setEnabled(false);
        p1.add(nextButton);
        
    }
    }
    
    // Button and field functionality
    
    // Enable and disable the word field
    void enableSearchButton() {
    if (showControlPanel) {
        searchButton.setEnabled(true);
    }
    }
    void disableSearchButton() {
    if (showControlPanel) {
        searchButton.setEnabled(false);
    }
    }

    // Get and set the search text in the wordField
    String getSearchTerm() {
    if (showControlPanel) {
        return wordField.getText();
    } else {
        return initialSearch;
    }
    }
    void setSearchTerm(String word) {
    if (showControlPanel) {
        wordField.setText(word);
    } 
    }

    // Enable or disable the "Previous" and "Next" buttons
    void enablePreviousAndNext() {
    if (showControlPanel) {
        JComponent c = firstDisplay.current;
        if (c.getClass().getName().endsWith("JResultBox")) {
        if (((JResultBox) c).prevBoxExists()) {
            prevButton.setEnabled(true);
        } else {
            prevButton.setEnabled(false);
        }
        }
        
        c = lastDisplay.current;
        if (c.getClass().getName().endsWith("JResultBox")) {
        if (((JResultBox) c).nextBoxExists()) {
            nextButton.setEnabled(true);
        } else {
            nextButton.setEnabled(false);
        }
        }
    }
    }

    // Shift to previous box
    //
    // If the user clicks "Previous" then scroll up.
    void shiftPrevious() {

    JComponent c = firstDisplay.current;
    if (c.getClass().getName().endsWith("JResultBox")) {

        JResultBox b = (JResultBox) c;
        if (b.prevBoxExists()) {
        b = b.prev;

        // empty all the displays
        firstDisplay.emptyContents();

        // add as many result boxes as there are displays
        for (int i = 1 ; ((i <= depth) && (b != null)); i++) {
            lastDisplay.display(b);
            b.setSize(b.display.getSize());
            b.paintAll(b.getGraphics());
            b = b.next;
        }
        }
    }
    enablePreviousAndNext();
    }

    // Shift to next box
    //
    // If the user clicks "Next" then scroll down if possible
    void shiftNext() {

    JComponent c = lastDisplay.current;
    if (c.getClass().getName().endsWith("JResultBox")) {

        JResultBox b = (JResultBox) c;
        if (b.nextBoxExists()) {

        // find the new "first" displayed box
        c = firstDisplay.current;
        b = (JResultBox) c;
        b = b.next;

        // empty all the displays
        firstDisplay.emptyContents();

        // add as many result boxes as there are displays
        for (int i = 1 ; ((i <= depth) && (b != null)); i++) {
            lastDisplay.display(b);
            b.setSize(b.display.getSize());
            b.paintAll(b.getGraphics());
            b = b.next;
        }
        }
    }
    enablePreviousAndNext();
    }

    // adding a main method to allow this applet to function as an application also
    public static void main(String args[]) {
    if(args.length < 9) {
        System.err.println("Need minimum --params: <baseURL> --collection <collection> --classifier <classifier> --phindcgi <URL> --library <libURL> [--webswing <1/0>] [--backdrop <ImgURL>] [--xtraParams <key1=value1&key2=value2&...]");
    }
    else { // collection fao.org, classifier 1, phindcgi url, library url, backdrop imgurl
        JPhind phind = new JPhind(args);
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Phind Applet as Application");
        frame.getContentPane().add(phind, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.setSize(500,500);
        // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19433358/difference-between-dispose-and-exit-on-close-in-java
        // default: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/javax/swing/JFrame.html#EXIT_ON_CLOSE
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); // don't do EXIT_ON_CLOSE in Applets!
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
    }


}