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CHAPTER XXIV. THE CONQUEST OF THE WAI 0 HUA. 1750. WE NOW come to that period which saw the downfall of the Tamaki tribes, and the conquest of their territory by the Ngati Whatua of Kaipara. The Wai o Hua, by which name the people of Tamaki are generally called, occupied the country commencing at the Tamaki river, and embracing the Auckland isthmus to as far west as Waitakere, where their territory adjoined that of the Kawerau. At the height of their prosperity they occupied also, the shores of southern Kaipara, and it was only a little while after the time of Kawharu that this area was taken from them by the advancing Ngati Whatua from the north. The Wai o Hua, as Rore Eruera states, were an offshoot of the Ngati Huarere, but they were also the descendants of the Tainui immigrants Riukiuta, Te Kete-ana-taua, and others, who, it will be remembered, left the canoe as it passed through Tamaki on its way to Kawhia. At the time of which we speak, however, it is doubtful whether much of the Tainui strain remained. Numerous women, as we have seen, had from time to time, become the wives of Tainui chiefs, but as these women invariably joined the people of their husbands, such unions had little influence in strengthening the Tainui blood among the Wai o Hun. Among the ranks of chiefs, however, there were exceptions ; and we find in Kiwi Tamaki, the paramount chief of the isthmus at this time, a man closely related to the people of Waikato, and it is because of this connection that the conquest of Tamaki becomes part of the history of Tainui. 3,; The father of Kiwi was Te Ika-mau-poho, and this man had, from circumstances now forgotten, married a Waikato .t chieftainess named Te Tahuri. This woman was the granddaughter of Huapiri, the eldest daughter of Mahuta, in consequence of which she was the niece of Te Tiki-o-rereata, and a close cousin to Whare-tipeti and Tapaue. Her home was at the great pa Maungakiekie, for long the headquarters of the Wai o Hua, and here her extensive cultivations were acknowledged throughout the land. (253)



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254 Her son Kiwi, when he assumed leadership of the people, likewise was honoured and respected by the tribe which, as Percy Smith states, made a point of presenting him with the first-fruits of the soil and the choicest portions of the food from the sea and forests. In spite of this prosperity, Kiwi was not always at peace with his neighbours, and in the past, as we have seen, the Wai o Hua had felt the heavy hand of Ngati Paoa, who occupied the territory to the east, when that tribe invaded the Tamaki to avenge the death of their chief Kahu-rautao. More formidable, however, was the Ngati Whatua tribe to the north. Prior to the time of Kiwi, this tribe, in its move towards the south, had invaded and taken for themselves the Wai o Hua lands in southern Kaipara. At the time of the conquest, Wai o Hua had possessed many villages and fortifications in the district in and around Helensville. Starting from that township and following the Awaroa, river their settlements were Te Makiri, Te Moro, near Helensville south, Otamatea-nui, a little to the north of IIelensville, Kaikai, overlooking Mt. Rex, Whakarewarewa, on the banks of the Whakatiwai river, Tohi-kuri, a small pa just above Whakarewarewa, and lastly Matawherohia. To the west, and occupying the high points and summits of the ridges, comprising the range in that direction, were Waituoro, Te Taipu-a-te-marama, and Mimihanui, all close together, while further north were Puketui and Opiopio. Lastly, on the flats and close to the harbour shore, were Otakanini and Oparuparu. All these fortifications were either abandoned or captured when Ngati Whatua, under their chiefs Haki-riri, Tuku-punga, Tumu-pakihi, Pou-tapu-aka, Papaka-rewa, and Ate-a-kura, invaded the district. Although these events had all taken place before Kiwi had been born, and the two tribes were living more or less in a state of friendliness, the Wai o Hua leader had not forgotten the past defeat of his tribe, and hence, when a certain token inviting Wai o Hua to make war on their old enemies, was received from a chief named Te Raraku, Kiwi was quick to accept it. The occasion was not long wanting. Tumu-pakihi, states Percy Smith, one of the principal chiefs engaged in



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THE CONQUEST OP THE WAI 0 HUA 255 the Kaipara campaign, died at Kaipara. As was customary on such occasions, invitations were sent to the surrounding tribes in any way connected with the deceased to come to the uhunga, to cry over the dead. Kiwi accepted the invitation and proceeded to Waituoro, accompanied by a number of his people, all armed. In the midst of the gathering Kiwi suddenly gave a signal and Ngati Whatua, taken at a disadvantage, were instantly attacked and about 200 of their number put to death, included in the number being the chiefs Tapuwae, Maihamo, and Tu-ka-riri. About sixty, with whom were the chiefs Tupe-riri and Te Waha-akiaki, escaped the massacre, and fled for several miles across country to the pa Te Makiri, on the Awaroa river. As Tupe-riri and Te Waha-akiaki fled from the pa, Kiwi called out to the latter: &quot; Heoi, to kouma apopo e iri ana i te rakau i Totara-i-ahua &quot; (Enough, tomorrow your breast-bones will be hanging on the tree at Totara-i-ahua!) To this boast Te Waha-akiaki replied : &quot; Kia penei apopo to kouma e iri ana i te puriri i Tauwhare.&quot; (By this time tomorrow your breast-bones will be hanging on the puriri tree at Tauwhare!) Tauwhare was a pa belonging to Ngati Whatua, and was situated on a high wooded ridge overlooking the present Rewiti railway station. In reply to this Kiwi showed his belief in his particular god to preserve him, and called out: &quot; Ekore a Kiwi e mate. Ma Rehua i te rangi e ki iho kia mate a Kiwi, a, ka mate.&quot; (Kiwi will not die. If Rehua in the skies says that Kiwi will die, then only will he do so.) Besides the massacre at Waituoro, Kiwi appears to have descended on the two neighbouring villages, Te Taipua-te-marama and Mimihanui, which lie a short distance further north ; for at the last-named place, he caught Tahataha, the sister of Tupe-riri, and killed her. Some accounts say he followed Tupe-riri to Te Makiri where the above-mentioned exchange of threats is said to have taken place. Be that as it may, Kiwi and his followers shortly afterwards returned to their home at Maungakiekie. Ngati Whatua did not wait long before attempting to avenge the death of their people, and Te Waha-akiaki, the son of the late Tumu-pakihi, started from Kapoai, a place on the Awaroa river a little north of Ohirangi station, with a war-party of 100 warriors. Proceeding to Tamaki, Ngati



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256 TAINUI Whatua met Kiwi and a party at Titirangi, and after some hard fighting, the latter were defeated and returned to Maungakiekie. Following up this success Te Waha-akiaki advanced into the country of his enemies, but apparently on account of the small number of his warriors, he avoided the larger fortifications. Having reached West Tamaki heads, he attacked and captured the pa Taurere, killing the chief Taka-punga. By this time Wai o Hua had assembled in force, and Ngati Whatua hastily retreated to Kaipara, followed by their enemies, who killed the chiefs Huru, Kaura, and Pane, before returning again to Tamaki. These reverses did not deter Ngati Whatua, who now determined to completely conquer the Wai o Hua and take their country for themselves. This decision once made, an expedition under the chiefs Tupe-riri, Te Waha-akiaki, Wai-taheke, and others, proceeded to Puponga, a point on the Manuka harbour, and crossing the water on rafts under cover of night, attacked in turn the forts Tarataua, Awhitu and Puke-horo-katoa. The two first named fell to the invaders, most of the inhabitants being slaughtered, after which success Ngati Whatua recrossed the harbour and camped at Paru-roa. The presence of the expedition in the district had by this time become known, and the majority of Wai o Hua had assembled under their chief Kiwi, who, having arrived at Te Whau, marched to the shores of Manuka where he was joined by the Wai o Hua of Mangere and other places on the south side of the harbour. A general advance was now made on Paru-roa, and as they drew near, Ngati Whatua was observed retreating up a spur leading to Titirangi. This retirement on the part of Te Waha-akiaki however, was part of a well arranged plan to draw the enemy which now succeeded, for Wai o Hua, seeing their enemies apparently in full flight, immediately gave chase. The retreat of Ngati Whatua continued until both parties had reached the summit of Titirangi and then, at a sign from Te Waha-akiaki, the tribe of Kaipara suddenly turned and fell on the Wai o Hua with such fury that in spite of their numbers, they were hopelessly defeated. Among the first to fall was Kiwi, who died at the hands of Te Waha-akiaki, and the death of their leader seems to



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THE CONQUEST OF THE WAI 0 IIUA 257 have so disheartened the Wai o Hua that they soon turned and fled, their flight quickly developing into a rout. So great was the defeat of Wai o Hua on this occasion that their power in the Tamaki isthmus was broken for all time. Following the battle at Titirangi, Ngati Whatua proceeded up the Manuka to Onehunga and from there made an attack on the great pa. Maungakiekie, which fell without much resistance, the fugitives, together with the inhabitants of other villages, flying to south Manuka and Waikato for safety. It would seem that following this episode, Ngati Whatua, for a time at least, returned to their homes ; for we are told that the bones of Kiwi were hung up on the puriri at Tauwhare as had been predicted. In the meantime some of the Wai o Hua, having recovered from their first fright, returned after an interval, and re-occupied some of their old villages, some returning to Mangere, others who had taken refuge toward the east coming back again to Kohimaramara, Orakei, Toka-purewha, and Taura-rua. They were not long left in peace for as soon as Ngati Whatua learned of their action, they came down in force and wiped them out, their destruction of the Wai o Hua being so complete that only a miserable remnant remained, and these, it would seem, were suffered to remain in peace at Pukaki and Ihumatao on the south side of Mangere. Mahuta=Kiringaua I 1 I Huapiri Uerata=Puakirangi I I  Hua=Rangihuamoa Tarapeka I I I I Whare-tipeti Tapaue Te Ikamaupoho = Te Tahuri I Kiwi Tamaki THE EXPEDITION OF TUTUNUI TO TAMAKI. 1725. In the preceding story we learned of the fate of the Wai o Hua tribe of Tamaki ; but before we finally dispose of them, it is necessary to describe an incident which took place, as far as can be ascertained, only a short while prior to the time that tribe fell before the onslaughts of Ngati Whatua. It will be remembered that in past times Wai o Hua had murdered the great Ngati Maniapoto chief Te Kawa-



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258 TAINUI iri-rangi, an act which had never been avenged ; for the only previous attempt had ended in disaster when Maniaope-tini, the leader, had been drowned. Although quite a number of generations had now passed, the death of Te Kawa-iri-rangi had not been forgotten, nor had the Wai o Hua been forgiven, in consequence of which the time again arrived when Ngati Maniapoto decided to attack Wai o Hua. It is of course, impossible to give the exact date of this incident, but as Tutunui, the leader of the expedition, was a grandson of Te Kanawa, and therefore contemporaneous with Whare-tipeti and Tapaue, or perhaps their sons, the attack on the Wai o Hua about to be described must have taken place within a few years of the Ngati Whatua conquest of the isthmus. The expedition does not appear to have been a large one, but at any rate, it was led by Tutunui. The war-party arrived at Tamaki without incident, and under cover of an early morning mist, proceeded to attack the great hill-fortress Maungakiekie. The presence of the invaders, states Te Hurinui, was made known to the Wai o Hua by the loud voice of their leader as he shouted orders to his men. Hurriedly they manned their defences, and although they were as yet unable to see their enemies, they were able to follow the movements of the war-party in the mist by the powerful voice of Tutunui. Finally the mist lifted, and to their great surprise, the inmates of the pa discovered that Tutunui, the possessor of the booming voice, was in reality only a small person. This greatly amused some of the Wai o Hua who shouted out: &quot; Ko to waha i nui, he iti to tangata!&quot; (Although big the mouth, the man is small ) This jeering remark seems to have incensed Tutunui who, leaping to the front, foolishly entered the pa before his warriors had time to come up in support. He quickly paid for his rashness, for he was immediately assailed on all sides and although fighting desperately, he was overcome and killed in full view of his warriors. This sudden and unexpected death of their leader seems to have disheartened the remainder of the war-party for, although several attempts were made to carry the defences, they were eventually forced to retire, leaving numbers dead



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THE CONQUEST OF THE WAI 0 HUA 259 on the field and the body of Tutunui in the possession of the enemy. Quickly they departed for their homes, and the last view obtained by the retreating warriors was the body of the unfortunate Tutunui hanging from a karaka tree. Thus the second attempt by Ngati Maniapoto to obtain revenge for the death of Te Kawa-iri-rangi proved unsuccessful, but from the circumstances surrounding this second defeat, there arose five names which were bestowed on children born about this time or shortly afterwards. Fate decreed that all but one of these children were to become noted warriors and at least one of them was to take part in the subsequent campaign which was to repay Ngati Maniapoto for their past losses. The five children were Peehi Korehu (Low-lying mist) , Wahanui (Loud mouth), Whaka-karaka (Karaka platform), Tao-nui (Big Spear), and Te Riu-toto (The blood in pools).



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