[29015] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE Archive SYSTEM "http://greenstone.org/dtd/Archive/1.0/Archive.dtd">
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| 3 | <Archive>
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| 4 | <Section>
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| 5 | <Description>
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| 6 | <Metadata name="gsdlsourcefilename">import/englishhistory.net/tudor/beeslychapterone.html</Metadata>
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| 7 | <Metadata name="gsdldoctype">indexed_doc</Metadata>
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| 8 | <Metadata name="Plugin">HTMLPlugin</Metadata>
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| 9 | <Metadata name="FileSize">11563</Metadata>
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| 10 | <Metadata name="Source">beeslychapterone.html</Metadata>
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| 11 | <Metadata name="SourceFile">beeslychapterone.html</Metadata>
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| 12 | <Metadata name="Language">en</Metadata>
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| 13 | <Metadata name="Encoding">windows_1252</Metadata>
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| 14 | <Metadata name="Content">biography of Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) by Edward Spencer Beesly, 1892</Metadata>
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| 15 | <Metadata name="Page_topic">biography of Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) by Edward Spencer Beesly, 1892</Metadata>
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| 16 | <Metadata name="Author">Marilee Mongello</Metadata>
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| 17 | <Metadata name="Title">Secondary Sources: Queen Elizabeth by Edward Spencer Beesly, 1892: Chapter I</Metadata>
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| 18 | <Metadata name="FileFormat">HTML</Metadata>
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| 19 | <Metadata name="URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/beeslychapterone.html</Metadata>
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| 20 | <Metadata name="UTF8URL">http://englishhistory.net/tudor/beeslychapterone.html</Metadata>
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| 21 | <Metadata name="dc.Subject">Tudor period|Others</Metadata>
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| 22 | <Metadata name="Identifier">HASH9e41940f594fe21b2a7ccd</Metadata>
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[29406] | 23 | <Metadata name="lastmodified">1414477183</Metadata>
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| 24 | <Metadata name="lastmodifieddate">20141028</Metadata>
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| 25 | <Metadata name="oailastmodified">1414477186</Metadata>
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| 26 | <Metadata name="oailastmodifieddate">20141028</Metadata>
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[29015] | 27 | <Metadata name="assocfilepath">HASH9e41.dir</Metadata>
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| 28 | <Metadata name="gsdlassocfile">eliz1-ermine.jpg:image/jpeg:</Metadata>
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| 29 | </Description>
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| 30 | <Content>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <table border="0" cellpadding="3" width="100%" height="667">
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| 33 | <tr>
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| 34 | <td width="25%" height="29"></td>
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| 35 | <td valign="top" width="50%" height="29">&nbsp;</td>
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| 36 | <td width="25%" height="29"></td>
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| 37 | </tr>
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| 38 | <tr>
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| 39 | <td width="25%" height="3"></td>
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| 40 | <td width="50%" height="3"><font size="3"></font></td>
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| 41 | <td width="25%" height="3"></td>
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| 42 | </tr>
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| 43 | <tr>
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| 44 | <td width="25%" height="610"></td>
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| 45 | <td valign="top" width="50%" height="610">
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| 46 | <p align="center"><b><font size="7">Queen Elizabeth<br></font></b>
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| 47 | <font size="4">by Edward Spencer Beesly, 1892</font></p>
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| 48 | <p align="center">
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| 49 | <img border="2" src="_httpdocimg_/eliz1-ermine.jpg" width="400" height="478" alt="'The Ermine Portrait' of Elizabeth I, c1585, by Nicholas Hilliard"><p align="center">
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| 50 | <i><font size="2">'The Ermine Portrait' of Elizabeth I, c1585, by Nicholas
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| 51 | Hilliard;<br>from the <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=0&amp;href=http:%2f%2fwww.marileecody.com%2feliz1-images.html">Portraits of Queen Elizabeth I</a> website</font></i></td>
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| 52 | <td width="25%" height="610"></td>
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| 53 | </tr>
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| 54 | </table>
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| 55 | <blockquote>
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| 56 | <blockquote>
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| 57 | <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
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| 58 | <font style="font-family: Times New Roman"></font>
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| 59 | <font style="font-family: Times New Roman"></font>
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| 60 | <font style="font-family: Times New Roman">
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| 61 | <div align="left">
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| 62 | <b>CHAPTER <font class="highlight_yellow">I</font></b><br>
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| 63 | <b>EARLY LIFE: 1533-1558</b></div>
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| 64 | <p class="3text" align="left"><font class="highlight_yellow"><font size="3">
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| 65 | I</font></font><font size="3"> HAVE to deal, under strict limitations of
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| 66 | space, with a long life, almost the whole of its adult period passed in the
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| 67 | exercise of sovereignty--a life which is in effect the history of England
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| 68 | during forty-five years, abounding at the same time in personal interest,
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| 69 | and the subject, both in its public and private aspects, of fierce and
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| 70 | probably interminable controversies. Evidently a bird's-eye view is all that
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| 71 | can be attempted; and the most important episodes alone can be selected for
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| 72 | consideration. </font></p>
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| 73 | <p class="3text" align="left"><font size="3">The daughter of Henry VIII and
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| 74 | Anne Boleyn was born on 6 September 1533. Anne was niece of Thomas, third
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| 75 | Duke of Norfolk, and all the great Howard kinsmen attended at the baptism
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| 76 | four days afterwards. <font class="highlight_yellow">Elizabeth</font> was
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| 77 | two years and eight months old when her mother was beheaded, and she herself
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| 78 | was declared illegitimate by Act of Parliament. It is not recorded that in
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| 79 | after years she expressed any opinion about her mother or ever mentioned her
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| 80 | name. She never took any steps to get the Act of Attainder repealed; but
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| 81 | perhaps she indirectly showed her belief in Anne's innocence by raising the
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| 82 | son of Norris, her alleged paramour, to the peerage, and by the great favour
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| 83 | she always showed to his family. </font></p>
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| 84 | <p class="3text" align="left"><font size="3">During her father's life
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| 85 | Elizabeth lived chiefly at Hatfield with her brother Edward, under a
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| 86 | governess. Henry had been empowered by Parliament in 1536 to settle the
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| 87 | succession by his will. In 1544 he caused an Act to be passed placing Mary
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| 88 | and Elizabeth next in order of succession after Edward. By his will, made a
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| 89 | few days before his death, he repeated the provisions of the Act of 1544,
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| 90 | and placed next to Elizabeth the daughters of his younger sister, the
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| 91 | Duchess of Suffolk, tacitly passing over his elder sister, the Queen of
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| 92 | Scotland. </font></p>
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| 93 | <p class="3text" align="left"><font size="3">After her father's death
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| 94 | (January 1547) Elizabeth, then a girl of thirteen, went to reside with the
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| 95 | Queen Dowager Catherine, who had not been many weeks a widow before she
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| 96 | married her old lover Thomas Seymour, the Lord Admiral, brother of the
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| 97 | Protector Somerset, described as &quot;fierce in courage, courtly in fashion, in
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| 98 | personage stately, in voice magnificent, but somewhat empty of matter.&quot; The
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| 99 | romping that soon began to go on between this dangerous man and Elizabeth
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| 100 | was of such a nature that early in the next year Catherine found it
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| 101 | necessary to send her away somewhat abruptly. From that time she resided
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| 102 | chiefly at Hatfield. </font></p>
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| 103 | <p class="3text" align="left"><font size="3">In August 1548 Catherine died,
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| 104 | and the Admiral at once formed the project of marrying Elizabeth. This and
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| 105 | other ambitious designs brought him to the scaffold (March 1549). It does
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| 106 | not appear that Elizabeth saw or directly corresponded with him after he was
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| 107 | a widower. But she listened to his messages, and dropped remarks of an
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| 108 | encouraging kind which she meant to be repeated to him. She knew perfectly
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| 109 | well that the marriage would not be permitted. She was only flirting with a
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| 110 | man old enough to be her father just as she afterwards flirted with men
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| 111 | young enough to be her sons. We already get a glimpse of the utter absence
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| 112 | both of delicacy and depth of feeling which characterised her through life.
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| 113 | When she heard of the Admiral's execution she simply remarked, &quot;This day
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| 114 | died a man with much wit and very little judgment.&quot; With Elizabeth the heart
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| 115 | never really spoke, and if the senses did, she had them under perfect
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| 116 | control. And this was why she never loved or was loved, and never has been
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| 117 | or will be regarded with enthusiasm by either man or woman. For some time
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| 118 | after this scandal she was evidently somewhat under a cloud. She lived at
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| 119 | her manor-houses of Ashridge, Enfield, and Hatfield, diligently pursuing her
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| 120 | studies under the celebrated scholar Ascham. </font></p>
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| 121 | <p class="3text" align="left"><font size="3">When Edward died (6 July 1553)
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| 122 | Elizabeth was nearly twenty. Although Mary's cause was her own, she remained
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| 123 | carefully neutral during the short queen-ship of Jane. On its collapse she
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| 124 | hastened to congratulate her sister, and rode by her side when she made her
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| 125 | entry into London. During the early part of Mary's reign her life hung by a
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| 126 | thread. The slightest indiscretion would have been fatal to her. Wyatt's
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| 127 | insurrection was made avowedly in her favour. But neither to that nor any
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| 128 | other conspiracy did she extend the smallest encouragement. Her prudent and
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| 129 | blameless conduct gave her the more right in after years to deal severely
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| 130 | with Mary Stuart, whose behaviour under precisely similar circumstances was
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| 131 | so very different. </font></p>
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| 132 | <p class="3text" align="left"><font size="3">Renard, the Spanish ambassador,
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| 133 | demanded her execution as the condition of the Spanish match, and Mary
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| 134 | assured him that she would do her best to satisfy him. In the time of Henry
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| 135 | VIII. such an intention on the part of the sovereign would have been
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| 136 | equivalent to a sentence of death. But Mary was far from being as powerful
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| 137 | as her father. The Council had to be reckoned with, and in the Council
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| 138 | independent and even peremptory language was now to be heard. It was not
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| 139 | without strong protests on the part of some of the Lords that Elizabeth was
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| 140 | sent to the Tower, Sussex, a noble of the old blood, who was charged to
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| 141 | conduct her there, took upon him to delay her departure, that she might
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| 142 | appeal to the Queen for an interview. Mary was furious: &quot;For their lives,&quot;
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| 143 | she said, &quot;they durst not have acted so in her father's time; she wished he
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| 144 | was alive and among them for a single month.&quot; But it was usless to storm.
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| 145 | The absolute monarchy had seen its best days. Sussex, fearing foul play,
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| 146 | warned the Lieutenant of the Tower to keep within his written instructions.
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| 147 | Howard of Effingham, the Lord Admiral, had done more than any one else to
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| 148 | place Mary on the throne. But he was Elizabeth's great-uncle, and he angrily
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| 149 | insisted that her food in the Tower should be prepared by her own servants.
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| 150 | A proposal in Parliament to give the Queen the power to nominate a successor
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| 151 | was received with such disfavour that it had to be withdrawn. Finally the
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| 152 | judges declared that there was no evidence to convict Elizabeth. Sullenly
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| 153 | therefore the Queen had to give way. </font></p>
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| 154 | <p class="3text" align="left"><font size="3">Elizabeth was sent to
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| 155 | Woodstock, where she resided for about a year under guard. This was only
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| 156 | reasonable. An heir to the throne, in whose favour there had been plots,
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| 157 | could not expect complete freedom. In October 1555 she was allowed to go to
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| 158 | Hatfield under the surveillance of Sir Thomas Pope. During the rest of the
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| 159 | reign she escaped molestation by outward conformity to the Catholic
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| 160 | religion, and by taking no part whatever in politics. But as it became clear
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| 161 | that her accession was at hand there can be no doubt that she was engaged in
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| 162 | studying the problems with which she would have to deal. She was already in
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| 163 | close intimacy with Cecil, and it is evident that she mounted the throne
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| 164 | with a policy carefully thought out in its main lines. </font></p>
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| 165 | <p class="3text" align="left"><font size="3">When Mary was known to be
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| 166 | dying, the Spanish ambassador, Feria, called on Elizabeth, and told her that
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| 167 | his master had exerted his influence with the Queen and Council on her
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| 168 | behalf, and had secured her succession. But she declined to be patronised,
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| 169 | and told him that the people and nobility were on her side. </font></p>
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| 170 | </font>
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| 171 | <hr>
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| 172 | <p align="left"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman" size="2">From <i>
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| 173 | Queen Elizabeth</i> by Edward Spencer Beesly.&nbsp; Published in London by
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| 174 | Macmillan and Co., 1892.</font></p>
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| 175 | </font>
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| 176 | <font face="Times New Roman" size="2">
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| 177 | </blockquote>
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| 178 | </blockquote>
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| 179 |
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| 180 | <p align="center">
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| 181 | <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fbeeslychaptertwo.html">to Chapter
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| 182 | II: The Change of Religion: 1559</a></p>
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| 183 | <p align="center">
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| 184 | <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fmonarchs%2feliz1.html">to the Queen
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| 185 | Elizabeth I website</a>&nbsp; /&nbsp;
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| 186 | <a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2frelative%2fmaryqos.html">to the Mary,
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| 187 | queen of Scots website</a></p>
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| 188 | <p align="center"><a href="_httpextlink_&amp;rl=1&amp;href=http:%2f%2fenglishhistory.net%2ftudor%2fsecondary.html">
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| 189 | to Secondary Sources</a></p>
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| 190 | </font>
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| 191 |
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| 192 |
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| 193 |
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| 196 | </Content>
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| 197 | </Section>
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| 198 | </Archive>
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