Changeset 24011 for main/trunk/greenstone2/collect/demo/import/fb33fe
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- 2011-05-11T15:53:06+12:00 (13 years ago)
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main/trunk/greenstone2/collect/demo/import/fb33fe/fb33fe.htm
r2814 r24011 14 14 </Description> 15 15 --> 16 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>16 </B> 17 17 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS</P> 18 18 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Rome 1986</P> 19 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 19 20 20 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">P-69</P> 21 21 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">ISBN 92-5-102396-4</P> 22 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 22 23 23 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">© FAO 1986</P> 24 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 25 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 26 <B><P ALIGN="CENTER"></P> 24 25 <B> 27 26 <!-- 28 27 <Section> … … 31 30 </Description> 32 31 --> 33 </B> <P ALIGN="CENTER"></P>32 </B> 34 33 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">1. Did you know that many kinds of snails are good to eat?</P> 35 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 34 36 35 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">2. Snail meat tastes good and it is also good for you. If you have snail meat to eat, it will help to keep you and your family strong and healthy.</P> 37 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 36 38 37 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p60a.png"></center><br> 39 38 Family kept strong and healthy</P> 40 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 39 41 40 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">3. If you want to have snails to eat you can get them in different ways.</P> 42 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 41 43 42 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">4. Many people gather wild snails that live nearby. Sometimes you can buy snails at the market or from people who gather them to sell to others.</P> 44 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 43 45 44 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">5. You can also raise your own snails. This is called snail farming. Today, a great many people all over the world farm snails.</P> 46 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 45 47 46 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">6. If you farm your own snails, you will always have a supply of fresh snail meat whenever you want it.</P> 48 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 47 49 48 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">7. Then, if your family is not too big and you grow more snails than you need to eat, you can sell what you do not use to your neighbours or at the market.</P> 50 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 49 51 50 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p61a.png"></center><br> 52 51 Selling snails at the market</P> 53 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 52 54 53 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">8. With more food to eat and the money you get by selling snails, you and your family can live better.</P> 55 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 54 56 55 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">9. However, if your family is big you will need to grow many more snails if you are going to have enough to eat and to sell at the market.</P> 57 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 56 58 57 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p61b.png"></center><br> 59 58 You need to grow more snails if your family is big</P> 60 <P ALIGN="CENTER"></P> 61 <P ALIGN="CENTER"> </P> 59 62 60 <B><P></P> 63 61 <!-- … … 67 65 </Description> 68 66 --> 69 </B> <P ALIGN="CENTER"></P>67 </B> 70 68 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">You will need</P> 71 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P><DIR>69 <DIR> 72 70 73 71 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> enough snails to start your snail farm</P> 74 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P></DIR>72 </DIR> 75 73 76 74 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p61c.png"></center><br> 77 75 Snail</P> 78 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P><DIR>76 <DIR> 79 77 80 78 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> a place near your house with the right kind of soil and the right amount of water for snails to live and grow</P> 81 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P></DIR>79 </DIR> 82 80 83 81 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p61d.png"></center><br> 84 82 A place near your house</P> 85 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P><DIR>83 <DIR> 86 84 87 85 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> the kinds of plants that snails need for food and shelter</P> 88 86 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> the materials to build a pen for the snail</P> 89 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P></DIR>87 </DIR> 90 88 91 89 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p62a.png"></center><br> 92 90 Plants that snails need; The materials to build a pen</P> 93 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 91 94 92 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">10. If you have or can get all of these things, you can raise snails.</P> 95 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 96 <P ALIGN="CENTER"> </P> 97 <B><P ALIGN="CENTER"></P> 93 94 <B> 98 95 <!-- 99 96 </Section> … … 104 101 </Description> 105 102 --> 106 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>103 </B> 107 104 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">11. To farm snails is not hard; however, it is quite different from keeping chickens or ducks or from growing crops such as maize, rice, cassava or groundnuts.</P> 108 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 105 109 106 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">12. Since farming snails is so different from other kinds of farming, you will have to learn a lot of new things.</P> 110 107 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">13. One way to learn about snails so that you will be able to farm them is to watch the wild snails that live near you.</P> 111 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 108 112 109 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p62b.png"></center><br> 113 110 Watch the wild snails</P> 114 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 111 115 112 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">14. Try to see how they live, how they move and where they go, what plants they like best and what they eat.</P> 116 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 113 117 114 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">15. You can learn many things by watching wild snails that will help you later if you decide to start a snail farm.</P> 118 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 115 119 116 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p63a.png"></center><br> 120 117 Wild snail</P> 121 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 118 122 119 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">16. Another way to learn about snails is to ask an older farmer who knows a lot about your area. If there are people near you who gather snails to sell to others, they may be able to help you.</P> 123 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 120 124 121 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">17. In the next part of this booklet, you will begin to learn some things that you need to know to farm snails.</P> 125 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 126 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 122 127 123 <B><P></P> 128 124 <!-- … … 132 128 </Description> 133 129 --> 134 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>130 </B> 135 131 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">18. The kind of snails that you can farm are snails that live on land, and there are many kinds of land snails that are good to eat.</P> 136 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 132 137 133 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">19. However, some kinds of land snails are not good to eat and they may even make you very, very sick.</P> 138 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 134 139 135 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">20. So, you must be very careful when you choose snails to farm. If you are not sure that a snail is good to eat, do not use it.</P> 140 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 136 141 137 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p63b.png"></center><br> 142 138 Do not use snail unless you are sure it is good to eat</P> 143 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 139 144 140 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">21. Now look at the drawings on pages 8 to 11 and you will see four kinds of good snails that live in different places.</P> 145 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 141 146 142 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">22. You may be able to find one of these kinds of snails where you live. Notice that two of them are small and two of them are large.</P> 147 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 143 148 144 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">23. The smaller kinds of snails, shown on pages 8 and 9, can often be found in places where part of the year is warm and part of the year is cold.</P> 149 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 145 150 146 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">24. The larger kinds of snails, shown on pages 10 and 11, can often be found in places where it is warm all year round.</P> 151 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 147 152 148 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p64a.png"></center><br> 153 149 Helix pomatia</P> 154 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 155 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 150 156 151 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">This kind of small snail</P> 157 152 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">1 can be found in places where part of the year is warm and part of the year is cold</P> … … 160 155 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">4 grows to full size in two to three years if it is well fed</P> 161 156 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">5 lays from 30 to 50 eggs each growing season</P> 162 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 157 163 158 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p64b.png"></center><br> 164 159 Helix Pomatia - 30 to 50 small eggs</P> 165 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 160 166 161 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p64c.png"></center><br> 167 162 Helix aspersa</P> 168 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 163 169 164 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">This kind of small snail</P> 170 165 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">1 can often be found in places where part of the year is warm and part of the year is cold</P> … … 173 168 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">4 grows to full size in one year if it is well fed</P> 174 169 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">5 lays from 40 to 170 eggs one to three times each growing season</P> 175 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 170 176 171 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p64d.png"></center><br> 177 172 Helix aspersa - 40 to 170 small eggs</P> 178 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 173 179 174 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p65a.png"></center><br> 180 175 Achatina achatina</P> 181 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 176 182 177 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">This kind of large snail</P> 183 178 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">1 can often be found in places where it is warm all year round</P> … … 186 181 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">4 grows to full size in two years if it is well fed</P> 187 182 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">5 lays from 100 to 300 eggs one to two times each growing season</P> 188 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 183 189 184 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p65b.png"></center><br> 190 185 Achatina achatina - 100 to 300 small eggs</P> 191 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 186 192 187 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p65c.png"></center><br> 193 188 Archchatina marginata</P> 194 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 189 195 190 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">This kind of large snail</P> 196 191 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">1 can often be found in places where it is warm all year round</P> … … 199 194 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">4 grows to full size in two years if it is well fed</P> 200 195 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">5 lays from five to ten eggs four to eight times each growing season</P> 201 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 196 202 197 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p65d.png"></center><br> 203 198 Archchatina marginata - five to ten large eggs</P> 204 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 199 205 200 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">25. If you cannot get one of these snails, you may be able to get others very much like them where you live.</P> 206 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 201 207 202 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">26. There are many other kinds of good snails. There may even be several kinds of good snails that are eaten where you live.</P> 208 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 203 209 204 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">27. If snails are eaten where you live, you can farm one of these. Then you will be sure that it is good to eat.</P> 210 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 211 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 205 212 206 <B><P></P> 213 207 <!-- … … 218 212 </Description> 219 213 --> 220 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>214 </B> 221 215 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">28. When you are ready to get snails, perhaps you can get them by gathering wild snails that live near you.</P> 222 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 216 223 217 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p66a.png"></center><br> 224 218 Gathering wild snails</P> 225 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 219 226 220 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">29. Perhaps you can buy them from people who gather wild snails to sell to others.</P> 227 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 221 228 222 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p66b.png"></center><br> 229 223 Buying from one who gathers wild snails</P> 230 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 224 231 225 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">30. You may even be able to buy them from another snail farmer.</P> 232 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 226 233 227 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p66c.png"></center><br> 234 228 Buying from another snail farmer</P> 235 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 229 236 230 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Note</P> 237 231 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Never term snails that you buy at the market. Snails at the market may have been washed, kept too cold or hurt and they may die soon.</P> 238 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 239 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 232 240 233 <B><P></P> 241 234 <!-- … … 246 239 </Description> 247 240 --> 248 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>241 </B> 249 242 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">31. A good place for a snail farm is one where there already are snails. If there already are snails, you will know that the soil and the water in the soil are right for snails to live and grow.</P> 250 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 243 251 244 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">32. However, if there are no snails near where you live it does not mean that you cannot raise snails there.</P> 252 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 245 253 246 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">33. If you have the right kind of soil with the right amount of water, you can bring good snails from another place to start your snail farm.</P> 254 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 255 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 247 256 248 <B><P></P> 257 249 <!-- … … 262 254 </Description> 263 255 --> 264 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>256 </B> 265 257 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">34. Soil is important for snails. Part of the time they live on the soil and part of the time they live in the soil, and to live well, snails need good soil.</P> 266 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 258 267 259 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p67a.png"></center><br> 268 260 Snail on the soil; Snail in the soil</P> 269 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 261 270 262 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">35. When snails are not on the soil or in the soil, they are on plants which grow in the soil. So, the soil must also be good for the kinds of plants that snails need.</P> 271 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 263 272 264 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p67b.png"></center><br> 273 265 Snail on plant</P> 274 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 266 275 267 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">36. When snails are in the soil, they are resting or laying their eggs. If the soil has the right amount of water, snails will live well, the eggs they lay will hatch well and the baby snails will come out of the soil easily.</P> 276 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 268 277 269 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">37. Snails cannot live in hard soil such as heavy clay soils. When heavy clay soil is too dry, snails cannot dig into it to rest and lay their eggs. When heavy clay is too wet, snails and the eggs they lay may die.</P> 278 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 270 279 271 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">38. Snails cannot live in loose soil such as soils that have a lot of sand. Sandy soils do not hold enough water for snail eggs to hatch.</P> 280 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 272 281 273 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">39. The drawings on the next page show how a snail digs a hole, lays its eggs, closes the hole and how the baby snails come out when they have hatched.</P> 282 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 274 283 275 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">40. Snails need calcium from the soil to make their shells. All snails grow better and have stronger shells when there is a lot of calcium in the soil.</P> 284 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 276 285 277 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">41. So, if you are going to farm snails, you must have a good medium soil that has neither too much clay nor too much sand. It must also have enough calcium and the right amount of water for your snails to live and grow.</P> 286 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 278 287 279 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Note</P> 288 280 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If you have a garden, you can easily tell if your soll is good for snails. If your green leafy vegetables grow well, snails will also grow well in the same kind of soil</P> 289 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 281 290 282 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p68a.png"></center><br> 291 283 Snails will grow well in a garden</P> 292 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 284 293 285 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">1 snail digging a hole</P> 294 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 286 295 287 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p68b.png"></center><br> 296 288 1 snail digging a hole</P> 297 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 289 298 290 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">2 laying the eggs and closing the hole</P> 299 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 291 300 292 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p68c.png"></center><br> 301 293 Snail laying eggs</P> 302 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 294 303 295 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">3 baby snails hatching and coming out of the hole</P> 304 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 296 305 297 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p68d.png"></center><br> 306 298 Baby snails hatching and coming out of the hole</P> 307 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 308 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 299 309 300 <B><P></P> 310 301 <!-- … … 315 306 </Description> 316 307 --> 317 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>308 </B> 318 309 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">42. Snails need plants for both food and sheller. Most kinds of snails use several kinds for food and several other kinds for shelter.</P> 319 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 310 320 311 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p69a.png"></center><br> 321 312 Plants for food and plants for shelter</P> 322 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 313 323 314 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">43. They may also use different plants for food and shelter at different times of the year. Sometimes during the growing season snails eat and find shelter on the same plants.</P> 324 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 315 325 316 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">44. Snails usually hide on shelter plants during the day when it is dry and move to food plants to eat at night or early in the morning when they are wet with dew. However, sometimes snails do eat during the day after it has rained.</P> 326 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 317 327 318 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">45. If you live in a place which has a season when plants do not grow, snails will dig into the soil to rest and they do not eat then.</P> 328 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 319 329 320 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">46. During the growing season snails will eat a lot and grow very fast if they have food plants that they like.</P> 330 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 321 331 322 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">47. So, before you begin you will have to find out exactly what plants they like to eat. To do this you will have to watch snails at night when they eat.</P> 332 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 323 333 324 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p69b.png"></center><br> 334 325 See what snails eat at night</P> 335 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 326 336 327 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">48. You can tell that snails are eating when you see their heads moving as they scrape food into their mouths. You can also tell when a snail has been eating by the holes it makes in the leaves.</P> 337 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 328 338 329 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p69c.png"></center><br> 339 330 Snail on leaf</P> 340 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 331 341 332 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">49. You will also have to find out what plants they like for shelter. To do this you will have to watch snails during the day when they rest.</P> 342 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 333 343 334 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p70a.png"></center><br> 344 335 See where snails rest during the day</P> 345 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 336 346 337 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">50. It is often difficult to find snails on shelter plants because they are hiding. So, you will have to look very carefully.</P> 347 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 338 348 339 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p70b.png"></center><br> 349 340 Snails are hiding on shelter plants</P> 350 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 341 351 342 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">51. In addition to the food plants, there are many other kinds of foods that you can put into a pen for your snails to eat. You will learn about these foods and when you should use them in the next booklet in this series.</P> 352 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 353 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 343 354 344 <B><P></P> 355 345 <!-- … … 360 350 </Description> 361 351 --> 362 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>352 </B> 363 353 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">52. Dew at night in the growing season helps the plants to grow and makes the leaves and the ground wet so that snails can move about.</P> 364 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 354 365 355 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">53. Rain in the growing season also helps the plants to grow and it cleans the plants of dust and the dirt that snails leave when they move about. The dirt that snails leave may make them sick.</P> 366 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 356 367 357 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">54. So, it is very important that the food and shelter plants are wet and clean.</P> 368 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 358 369 359 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">55. When the leaves are wet, snails move easily, eat more and grow well. When the leaves are dry, snails move very little, or not at all, and they grow poorly.</P> 370 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 360 371 361 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p70c.png"></center><br> 372 362 Wet leaves are good for snails</P> 373 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 363 374 364 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">56. When it rains and the plants are clean, the snails will be healthy. When it does not rain and the plants are dirty, the snails may get sick.</P> 375 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 365 376 366 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">57. Dew and rain also keep the ground moist so that the snails can move easily and dig into it to rest and to lay their eggs.</P> 377 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 367 378 368 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">58. In the next booklet, you will be told how to wet the leaves of plants and moisten the ground when it is too dry.</P> 379 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 380 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 369 381 370 <B><P></P> 382 371 <!-- … … 387 376 </Description> 388 377 --> 389 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>378 </B> 390 379 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">59. Land that is very wet, low land that does not drain well or land that floods in the rainy season is not good for snail farming.</P> 391 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 380 392 381 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p71a.png"></center><br> 393 382 Low, wet land is bad for snails</P> 394 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 395 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 383 396 384 <B><P></P> 397 385 <!-- … … 402 390 </Description> 403 391 --> 404 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>392 </B> 405 393 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">60. Wind during the growing season is bad because it dries the dew and dries out the snails.</P> 406 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 394 407 395 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p71b.png"></center><br> 408 396 Wind is bad for snails</P> 409 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 397 410 398 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">61. If you decide to farm snails, try to keep them in a place that is protected from the wind.</P> 411 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 399 412 400 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p71c.png"></center><br> 413 401 Snails should be farmed in a place protected from the wind</P> 414 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 415 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 402 416 403 <B><P></P> 417 404 <!-- … … 422 409 </Description> 423 410 --> 424 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>411 </B> 425 412 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">62. If you decide to farm snails you must keep them in a pen. Snails kept in a well- built pen will not get away easily and you can watch them and take care of them well.</P> 426 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 413 427 414 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">63. After the first year you will need at least two pens. If you decide to farm more snails you may want even more pens. You will learn how to use two or more pens in the next booklet.</P> 428 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 415 429 416 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p72a.png"></center><br> 430 417 Two pens the second year</P> 431 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 418 432 419 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">64. In each pen you can give your snails the right kinds of plants for them to eat and to use as shelter.</P> 433 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 420 434 421 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">65. In each pen you can put the food and shelter plants near each other so that the snails can move easily from one to the other.</P> 435 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 422 436 423 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">66. Each pen you build must also keep the snails safe from their enemies. Snails have many enemies. You must be careful to protect them from</P> 437 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P><DIR>424 <DIR> 438 425 439 426 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> mice and rats</P> … … 444 431 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> frogs and toads</P> 445 432 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> thieves</P> 446 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P></DIR>433 </DIR> 447 434 448 435 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p72b.png"></center><br> 449 436 Protect them from 450 437 </P> 451 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 438 452 439 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">67. A snail pen can be small or large depending on how many snails you want to raise. However, when you first begin, start with a small pen. You will need fewer materials. It will be easier to take care of.</P> 453 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 440 454 441 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">68. In addition, with a small pen you will need fewer snails to begin. When you know more about raising snails, you can build a bigger pen and get more snails to raise.</P> 455 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 442 456 443 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">69. A good size for a pen is 5 x 5 metres. Later in this booklet you will learn how to build a small pen of this size.</P> 457 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 458 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 444 459 445 <B><P></P> 460 446 <!-- … … 465 451 </Description> 466 452 --> 467 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>453 </B> 468 454 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">70. If you are using small snails like those you have seen on pages 8 and 9 in this booklet, you will need more snails to begin.</P> 469 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 455 470 456 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">71. If you are using large snails like those you have seen on pages 10 and 11 in this booklet, you will need fewer snails to begin.</P> 471 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 457 472 458 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">72. With a pen of 5 x 5 metres (25 square metres) you will need</P> 473 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 459 474 460 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> 150 snails if you use the small kind (6 for each square metre)</P> 475 461 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> 25 snails if you use the large kind (1 for each square metre).</P> 476 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 462 477 463 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p73a.png"></center><br> 478 464 150 small snails; 25 large snails</P> 479 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 480 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 465 481 466 <B><P></P> 482 467 <!-- … … 487 472 </Description> 488 473 --> 489 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>474 </B> 490 475 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">73. The amount of snail meat that you will get from small snails will be about the same as what you would get from large snails. This is because you will use many more small snails than large snails and the meat will be about equal.</P> 491 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 476 492 477 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">74. With one 5 x 5 metre pen you will get 12 to 13 kilograms of snail meat each year and with two 5 x 5 metre pens you will get 24 to 26 kilograms each year.</P> 493 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 478 494 479 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p73b.png"></center><br> 495 480 12 to 13 kilograms each year; 24 to 26 kilograms each year</P> 496 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 497 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 481 498 482 <B><P></P> 499 483 <!-- … … 504 488 </Description> 505 489 --> 506 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>490 </B> 507 491 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">75. In the first part of this booklet you have learned many things about snails and farming snails. You have learned</P> 508 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P><DIR>492 <DIR> 509 493 510 494 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> why it is good to farm snails</P> … … 514 498 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> what kind of soil and how much water in the soil snails need</P> 515 499 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> where to keep snails and how many you need to start</P> 516 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P></DIR>500 </DIR> 517 501 518 502 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">76. You may also have been able to learn a lot about snails by watching the wild snails near where you live.</P> 519 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 503 520 504 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">77. An old farmer may have told you what he knows about snails. Someone who gathers snails to sell to others or another snail farmer may have helped you to learn.</P> 521 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 505 522 506 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">78. So, now that you know a lot about snails it is time to decide if you would like to start your own snail farm.</P> 523 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 507 524 508 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">79. If you would like to begin you will learn exactly what to do in the rest of this booklet and in the next booklet.</P> 525 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 526 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 527 <B><P ALIGN="CENTER"></P> 509 510 <B> 528 511 <!-- 529 512 </Section> … … 534 517 </Description> 535 518 --> 536 <P ALIGN="CENTER"></P> 537 <P ALIGN="CENTER"> </P> 519 538 520 <P></P> 539 521 <!-- … … 543 525 </Description> 544 526 --> 545 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>527 </B> 546 528 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">80. Try to choose a place that is close to your house. That way you will be able to watch your snails, protect them from their enemies and take care of them easily</P> 547 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 529 548 530 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p74a.png"></center><br> 549 531 Close to your house</P> 550 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 532 551 533 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">81. In Items 34 to 41 you were told that to farm snails you must have the right kind of soil with the right amount of water.</P> 552 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 534 553 535 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">82. Remember, if green leafy vegetables grow well in your soil, snails will also grow well in the same kind of soil.</P> 554 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 536 555 537 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p74b.png"></center><br> 556 538 If your garden grows well, so will your snails</P> 557 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 539 558 540 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">83. In Items 59 to 61 you were told that low, wet land and wind are bad for snails. So, avoid low, wet places and try to put your snail farm where it is protected from the wind.</P> 559 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 541 560 542 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p75a.png"></center><br> 561 543 Avoid low, wet land; Find a place protected from wind</P> 562 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 544 563 545 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">84. In Item 63 you were told that after the first year you will need at least two pens and later you may want even more. In Item 69 you were told that it is best to start with a small pen of 5 x 5 metres.</P> 564 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 546 565 547 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">85. So, try to find a place where you can put at least two or three 5 x 5 metre pens.</P> 566 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 548 567 549 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p75b.png"></center><br> 568 550 two or three 5 x 5 metre pens</P> 569 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 570 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 551 571 552 <B><P></P> 572 553 <!-- … … 577 558 </Description> 578 559 --> 579 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>560 </B> 580 561 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">86. Clean the site and prepare the ground a little before the growing season so that you can build the pen in time to plant the food and shelter plants.</P> 581 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 562 582 563 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">87. First, mark out a square of 8 x 8 metres on the place that you have chosen.</P> 583 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 564 584 565 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p75c.png"></center><br> 585 566 Mark and clear the 8 x 8 metre square</P> 586 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 567 587 568 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">88. That way, with a pen of 5 x 5 metres in the centre of the square, you will have a path of 1.5 metres all the way around it (see Item 92). If you have enough land, the path can be even wider.</P> 588 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 569 589 570 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">89. Clear the square of trees, bushes grass, creeping grass and weeds. Take away all of the roots and the big stones that you can.</P> 590 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 571 591 572 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p76a.png"></center><br> 592 573 Take away roots and big stones</P> 593 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 574 594 575 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">90. Spread the plant material that you have cleaned evenly on the ground and cover the whole square. If there is not enough, bring more plant material from another place.</P> 595 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 576 596 577 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p76b.png"></center><br> 597 578 Cover the square with plant materials</P> 598 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 579 599 580 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">91. When the plant material is dry, burn it. This will kill the insects, the weed seeds and the roots of creeping grass, and rid the ground of mice, rats and shrews.</P> 600 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 581 601 582 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p76c.png"></center><br> 602 583 Burn the plant materials</P> 603 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 584 604 585 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Note</P> 605 586 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Insecticides and poisons can also be used to rid your pen of insects, mice, rats and other enemies of snails. However, if you use them, do not use them by yourself because they are very dangerous. Ask someone who knows how to use them, such as your extension agent.</P> 606 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 587 607 588 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">92. Now mark out a smaller square of 5 x 5 metres inside the big square. This is for your first snail pen.</P> 608 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 589 609 590 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p77a.png"></center><br> 610 591 Mark the 5 x 5 metre square</P> 611 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 592 612 593 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">93. Dig the ground in the smaller square to a depth of 20 centimetres and turn it over well. As you dig, remove any rubbish or roots that you find.</P> 613 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 594 614 595 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p77b.png"></center><br> 615 596 Dig in the ground</P> 616 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 597 617 598 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">94. While you are digging, if you see any more insects or any of the enemies of snails, bring more dry plant material and burn the ground again. To farm snails, the area must be free of insects, mice, rats and other enemies.</P> 618 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 599 619 600 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">95. When you have finished digging, the ground in the 5 x 5 metre square should be as smooth and well worked as it would be if you were planting a vegetable garden.</P> 620 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 601 621 602 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p77c.png"></center><br> 622 603 The 5 x 5 metre square should be smooth</P> 623 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 604 624 605 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">96. However, do not use any fertilizer, animal manure or compost as you might with a vegetable garden. Fertilizers may burn the snails and animal manure or compost may bring in insects and weed seeds.</P> 625 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 626 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 627 <B><P ALIGN="CENTER"></P> 606 607 <B> 628 608 <!-- 629 609 </Section> … … 634 614 </Description> 635 615 --> 636 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>616 </B> 637 617 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">97. Build a pen for your snails as soon as you can after you have burned the plant material. This is to keep other insects, mice, rats or shrews from getting into your pen.</P> 638 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 618 639 619 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">98. A snail pen is a simple fenced- in area and you can build a fence using</P> 640 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P><DIR>620 <DIR> 641 621 642 622 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> corrugated sheet metal or plastic sheets</P> 643 623 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> woven plant material</P> 644 624 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> woven plant material with chicken wire</P> 645 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P></DIR>625 </DIR> 646 626 647 627 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p78a.png"></center><br> 648 628 Materials for fence</P> 649 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 629 650 630 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Using corrugated sheet metal or plastic sheets</P> 651 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 631 652 632 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">99. A fence of corrugated sheet metal or plastic sheets makes the best pen for snails because it keeps out their enemies very well. However, sheet metal or plastic costs a lot of money.</P> 653 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 633 654 634 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p78b.png"></center><br> 655 635 A fence of corrugated sheet metal</P> 656 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 636 657 637 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">100. If you are going to build a pen using corrugated metal or plastic, you must build it in such a way that the enemies of snails cannot get in between the sheets.</P> 658 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 659 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 638 660 639 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Using woven plant material</P> 661 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 640 662 641 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">101. To save money, you can build a fence of woven plant material such as split bamboo. If the woven material is tight, it will keep out enough of enemies for you to farm snails.</P> 663 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 642 664 643 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p79a.png"></center><br> 665 644 Woven material</P> 666 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 645 667 646 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Using woven plant material with chicken wire</P> 668 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 647 669 648 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">102. If you can get fine- mesh chicken wire, you can improve a fence that is made of woven material.</P> 670 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 649 671 650 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p79b.png"></center><br> 672 651 Chicken wire</P> 673 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 652 674 653 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">103. To do this, first make the fence of chicken wire and then cover it with woven material.</P> 675 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 654 676 655 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p79c.png"></center><br> 677 656 First use chicken wire then cover it with woven material</P> 678 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 657 679 658 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">104. The chicken wire will keep out rats and other small animals. The woven plant material will keep most of the insects out and keep the snails in.</P> 680 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 659 681 660 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p79d.png"></center><br> 682 661 Keep out small animals</P> 683 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 662 684 663 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Note</P> 685 664 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">With any kind of pen animals such as rats may get in, and this is especially true with pens made only of woven plant material. So, you must always watch for rats and other animals and keep them out.</P> 686 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 665 687 666 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">How to build the fence</P> 688 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 667 689 668 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">105. Build the fence as you would any fence, by driving posts into the ground. Use posts 1.40 metres long. When the posts are in place they should be 1.00 metre above and 0.40 metre below the ground.</P> 690 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 669 691 670 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p80a.png"></center><br> 692 671 Drive posts into the ground</P> 693 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 672 694 673 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">106. Whatever material you use for the fence of your pen, it should be buried 0.40 metre below the ground.</P> 695 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 674 696 675 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">107. If you are using woven material you will have to change the bottom of the fence when it rots.</P> 697 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 676 698 677 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">108. This can be done more easily by making the woven material in two parts, one for the top and one for the bottom. When the bottom part rots, you can change it without having to change the whole fence.</P> 699 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 678 700 679 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p80b.png"></center><br> 701 680 Attach top parts first; attach bottom parts second</P> 702 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 681 703 682 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Keeping your snails in the pen</P> 704 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 683 705 684 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">109. Many of your snails may crawl over the fence and get out of the pen. If you build a flap on the inside at the top of the fence, it will be more difficult for your snails to get out.</P> 706 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 685 707 686 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">110. However, even with a flap some snails may get out, and for this reason many snail farmers put two flaps on their fence. With two flaps they find that fewer snails get out.</P> 708 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 687 709 688 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p81a.png"></center><br> 710 689 With two flaps, your snails will not easily crawl out of the pen</P> 711 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 690 712 691 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Note</P> 713 692 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If you make your pen using galvanized sheet metal, you will not need flaps. Snails will not crawl on galvanized sheet metal.</P> 714 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 693 715 694 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">111. The drawings show you how to build a 5 x 5 metre pen using woven plant material, with and without chicken wire and how to build flaps to keep your snails in.</P> 716 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 695 717 696 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p81b.png"></center><br> 718 697 How to build a 5 x 5 metre small pen</P> 719 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 698 720 699 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">3 if you are using woven material only, attach it as you were told to do in Item 108</P> 721 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 700 722 701 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p82a.png"></center><br> 723 702 Attach woven material</P> 724 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 703 725 704 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">4 If you are using chicken wire and woven material, attach the chicken wire first and then the woven material</P> 726 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 705 727 706 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p82b.png"></center><br> 728 707 Attach the chicken material first</P> 729 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 708 730 709 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">5 be sure that the fence cover goes all the way to the bottom of the 0.40- m trench</P> 731 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 710 732 711 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p82c.png"></center><br> 733 712 0.40- m trench</P> 734 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 713 735 714 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">6 fill in the trench</P> 736 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 715 737 716 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p82d.png"></center><br> 738 717 Fill in the trench</P> 739 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 718 740 719 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">7 attach the flaps to the inside of the pen</P> 741 720 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Note: use woven material 0.25 m wide for the flaps</P> 742 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 721 743 722 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">8 first attach the bottom flap using heavy cord</P> 744 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 723 745 724 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p83a.png"></center><br> 746 725 Use heavy cord</P> 747 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 726 748 727 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">9 then attach the top flap</P> 749 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 750 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 751 <B><P ALIGN="CENTER"></P> 728 729 <B> 752 730 <!-- 753 731 </Section> … … 757 735 </Description> 758 736 --> 759 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>737 </B> 760 738 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">112. You have already been told that you should clean and prepare the site and build your snail pen in time for the planting season.</P> 761 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 739 762 740 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">113. If it has been only a short time since you dug the ground and worked the soil in your pen, you can begin to plant.</P> 763 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 741 764 742 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">114. If it has been a long time, dig and work the soil again before you plant. However, as you were told in Item 96, do not use fertilizer, animal manure or compost.</P> 765 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 743 766 744 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">115. Now you can begin to plant the food and shelter plants. Remember that you should use</P> 767 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P><DIR>745 <DIR> 768 746 769 747 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> plants that grow well where you live</P> 770 748 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> plants that last a long time</P> 771 749 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> plants that snails like</P> 772 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P></DIR>750 </DIR> 773 751 774 752 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">116. The drawings, show you two ways to plant food and shelter plants in a 5 x 5 metre pen.</P> 775 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 753 776 754 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">117. On pages 50 to 55 you will see some food and shelter plants that snails are known to like. Look at them carefully. Perhaps you can find some of them where you live.</P> 777 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 755 778 756 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Two ways plant food and shelter plants</P> 779 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 757 780 758 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">1 if your shelter plants are small, plant your pen like this</P> 781 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 759 782 760 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p84a.png"></center><br> 783 761 Mark three places for small shelter plants</P> 784 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 762 785 763 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">2 plant the shelter plants first and then plant the food plants all around the shelter plants</P> 786 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 764 787 765 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p84b.png"></center><br> 788 766 First plant the shelter plants</P> 789 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 767 790 768 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">3 if your shelter plants are large, plant your pen like this</P> 791 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 769 792 770 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p84c.png"></center><br> 793 771 Mark only one place for large shelter plants</P> 794 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 772 795 773 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">4 plant the shelter plants first and then plant the food plants all around the shelter plants</P> 796 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 774 797 775 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p84d.png"></center><br> 798 776 Leave a path inside the fence</P> 799 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 800 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 777 801 778 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">RAMPE</P> 802 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 779 803 780 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p85a.png"></center><br> 804 781 Some plants for food</P> 805 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 782 806 783 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Rape is one of many kinds of smooth- leaved cabbage. It grows from seed and lasts a number of months. Rape is the best food plant for Helix snails (see pages 8 and 9 in this booklet). Many of the other kinds of smooth- leaved cabbage also make good food plants for snails.</P> 807 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 784 808 785 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p85b.png"></center><br> 809 786 Rape</P> 810 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 787 811 788 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">AFRICAN SPINACH (Amaranthus)</P> 812 789 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">This green leafy vegetable is a good food plant for young Achatina and Archachatina snails. However, if you plant African spinach for your snails, they will need other kinds of food plants as well.</P> 813 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 790 814 791 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p85c.png"></center><br> 815 792 African spinach</P> 816 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 793 817 794 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">PAPAYA</P> 818 795 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">You have already been told that snails can be given food to eat other than the food plants that you have planted in the pen (see also Items 175 to 179 in the next booklet). The tender green leaves and cut- up fruit of the papaya tree are very good for Achatina and Archachatina snails. However, the papaya should not be planted inside the pen.</P> 819 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 796 820 797 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p86a.png"></center><br> 821 798 Papaya</P> 822 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 799 823 800 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">HORSE- RADISH</P> 824 801 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Horse- radish is a good food and shelter plant for young Helix snails. However, when they are older they will need other kinds of food plants as well.</P> 825 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 802 826 803 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p86b.png"></center><br> 827 804 Horse- Radish</P> 828 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 805 829 806 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">LEAF BEET</P> 830 807 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Leaf beet grows well from seed and lives for one year. It can be used with He/ix snails for both food and for shelter. As a food plant alone it is not the best and you will have to give your snails other food plants as well. However, as a shelter plant it is very good for Helix snails. These snails lay eggs under the beet plants and find shelter around the roots in cold weather.</P> 831 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 808 832 809 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p86c.png"></center><br> 833 810 Leaf Beet</P> 834 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 811 835 812 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">BURDOCK</P> 836 813 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Burdock grows from seed and lives for more than a year. It grows very slowly and you should plant it as soon as you can so that it can grow big enough for your snails. However, once it has grown it makes a good food and shelter plant for almost any kind of snail.</P> 837 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 814 838 815 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p87a.png"></center><br> 839 816 Burdock</P> 840 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 817 841 818 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">BANANA and LOOFAH</P> 842 819 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Banana and loofah plants together provide both food and shelter for Achatina and Archachatina snails. Ripe bananas can be cut up and fed to the snails and they can use the loofah plant for food and for shelter. However, your snails will need other food plants as well.</P> 843 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 820 844 821 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p87b.png"></center><br> 845 822 Banana and Loofah</P> 846 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 823 847 824 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">PLANTAGO</P> 848 825 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Plantago grows well from seed and lasts about two years. It is the best shelter plant for Helix snails.</P> 849 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 826 850 827 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p87c.png"></center><br> 851 828 Plantago</P> 852 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 829 853 830 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">ASPARAGUS</P> 854 831 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Asparagus lives for many years and it is a good shelter plant for young Achatina and Archachatina snails. However, it is not good for older snails because they are too heavy for asparagus plants.</P> 855 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 856 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </P> 832 857 833 <B><P></P> 858 834 <!-- … … 862 838 </Description> 863 839 --> 864 </B> <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P>840 </B> 865 841 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">118. The food plants must be big enough to feed your snails and the shelter plants tall enough to cover them and to protect them from the sun.</P> 866 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 842 867 843 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">119. Depending on the kind of snails that you are raising, most plants will be big enough after they have been growing for about five to six weeks or when they have reached a height of 10 to 20 centimetres.</P> 868 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 844 869 845 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><center><img src="f33p88a.png"></center><br> 870 846 Plants will grow to a height of 10 to 20 cm.</P> 871 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 847 872 848 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">120. When you are sure that the plants are big enough to provide food and shelter, you can begin to collect the snails and put them into the pen.</P> 873 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> 849 874 850 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">121. In Booklet No. 34, Farming snails 2, you will learn</P> 875 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P><DIR>851 <DIR> 876 852 877 853 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> how to choose good snails and how to put them in the pen</P> … … 879 855 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> when and how to harvest snails</P> 880 856 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> how to prepare snails for cooking</P> 881 < P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P></DIR>857 </DIR> 882 858 883 859 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">122. You will also be told some things that you can do to improve your snail farm so that later when you have more experience you can raise more and better snails.</P></FONT>
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