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- 2011-11-08T21:44:15+13:00 (12 years ago)
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main/trunk/greenstone2/collect/demo/import/b22bue/b22bue.htm
r24011 r24803 7 7 <BODY> 8 8 9 <B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2>< P></P>9 <B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B><P></P> 10 10 <!-- 11 11 <Section> … … 14 14 </Description> 15 15 --> 16 </B> 16 17 17 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Managing Tropical Animal Resources</P> 18 18 … … 21 21 22 22 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"> 23 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="Acknowledgements"></A></P> 23 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="Acknowledgements"></A></P></B> 24 24 <!-- 25 25 <Section> … … 28 28 </Description> 29 29 --> 30 </B> 30 31 31 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Report of an Ad Hoc Panel of the Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation </P> 32 32 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Board on Science and Technology for International Development </P> … … 50 50 51 51 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="Panel_on_Butterfly_Farming_in_P"></A></P> 52 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2> 52 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B> 53 53 <!-- 54 54 </Section> … … 58 58 </Description> 59 59 --> 60 </B> 60 61 61 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">ROBERT M. PYLE, Chairman, Lepidoptera Specialist Group, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland, Chairman </P> 62 62 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">EDWARD S. AYENSU, Director, Office of Biological Conservation, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. </P> … … 69 69 70 70 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="Contributors_"></A></P> 71 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2> 71 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B> 72 72 <!-- 73 73 </Section> … … 77 77 </Description> 78 78 --> 79 </B> 79 80 80 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Papua New Guinea </P> 81 81 … … 111 111 112 112 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="Preface_"></A></P> 113 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2> 113 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B> 114 114 <!-- 115 115 </Section> … … 119 119 </Description> 120 120 --> 121 </B> 121 122 122 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Butterfly farming is a growing new industry in Papua New Guinea, and by turning irdwings, mauve swallowtails, and other insects into a cash crop villagers are both earning money and practicing sound wildlife conservation. In this unique program butterfly farming is being used to complement the preservation of species and of habitats. In balancing the utilization of common butterflies with the protection of the most threatened species, Papua New Guinea is providing a model for other countries, particularly those in the tropics. The program demonstrates how village development can become an integral part of conservation.</P> 123 123 … … 136 136 137 137 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"> 138 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="BM1_Introduction_and_Summary_"></A></P> 138 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="BM1_Introduction_and_Summary_"></A></P></B> 139 139 <!-- 140 140 </Section> … … 144 144 </Description> 145 145 --> 146 </B> 146 147 147 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The international demand for tropical butterflies is much greater than is generally recognized. Each year millions of them are caught and sold throughout the world. Many buyers are scientists engaged in research on aspects of systematics, ecology, ethology, evolution, and conservation. Others are individuals who like expensive curios that incorporate butterflies, such as display cases, coffee tables, wall hangings, or other objects. But increasingly, the fragile, iridescent creatures, mounted in plastic or glass, are used to decorate less-expensive items such as purses, trays, platters, screens, and other common objects in Europe, North America, and Japan. In addition, amateur butterfly collecting, which reached a peak in Victorian times, is again becoming popular.</P> 148 148 … … 222 222 223 223 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="BM2_Butterfly_Status_and_Conserva"></A></P> 224 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2> 224 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B> 225 225 <!-- 226 226 </Section> … … 230 230 </Description> 231 231 --> 232 </B> 232 233 233 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">About 100,000-150,000 species of butterflies have been described; perhaps half that number remain to be discovered. Although there are important concentrations in the Arctic and temperate regions, most species are found in the tropics. There, the diversity of colors and forms is dazzling; every imaginable combination of hue and color is displayed. And many tropical butterflies are enriched with "structural" colors, which cause the wings to flash iridescently in the sun as they bend the light they reflect.</P> 234 234 … … 273 273 274 274 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="BM3_History_and_Government_Policy"></A></P> 275 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2> 275 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B> 276 276 <!-- 277 277 </Section> … … 281 281 </Description> 282 282 --> 283 </B> 283 284 284 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Soon after Europeans discovered New Guinea's remarkable insect fauna around the turn of the century, collectors began arriving, and they have been coming ever since. Many were reputable professional or amateur scientists, gathering modest numbers of specimens for study and for museums, including Papua New Guinea's own national collection. Others, however, were plunderers who carried away large numbers of rare butterflies, giving little or no compensation to the local people and showing no concern for survival of the species.</P> 285 285 … … 331 331 332 332 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="BM4_Operating_a_Butterfly_Farm"></A></P> 333 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2> 333 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B> 334 334 <!-- 335 335 </Section> … … 339 339 </Description> 340 340 --> 341 </B> 341 342 342 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Planting the Farm</P> 343 343 … … 396 396 397 397 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="BM5_Application_to_Other_Nations"></A></P> 398 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2> 398 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B> 399 399 <!-- 400 400 </Section> … … 404 404 </Description> 405 405 --> 406 </B> 406 407 407 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">As noted, the essence of the Papua New Guinea approach is the cultivation of food plants that the butterflies need to complete their life cycles. This is a process that could be replicated elsewhere, and the potential for butterfly farming exists in many countries. In fact, although Papua New Guinea is rich in butterfly species - some 700 of them - it is not unusually so. Other countries also have large numbers of species. There are, for instance 2,500 species known in Costa Rica.</P> 408 408 … … 448 448 449 449 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="Appendix_A"></A></P> 450 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2> 450 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B> 451 451 <!-- 452 452 </Section> … … 456 456 </Description> 457 457 --> 458 </B> 459 <B>< P></P>458 459 <B></B><P></P> 460 460 <!-- 461 461 <Section> … … 464 464 </Description> 465 465 --> 466 </B> 466 467 467 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Carvalho, J. C. M., and O. H. H. Mielke. 1972. The trade of butterfly wings in Brazil and its effect upon survival of the species. Proceedings 19th International Congress of Entomology (Moscow) 1 :486-488.</P> 468 468 … … 484 484 485 485 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="Appendix_B"></A></P> 486 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2>< P></P>486 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B><P></P> 487 487 <!-- 488 488 </Section> … … 492 492 </Description> 493 493 --> 494 </B> 494 495 495 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Research Contacts</P> 496 496 … … 518 518 519 519 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="Appendix_C"></A></P> 520 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2>< P></P>520 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B><P></P> 521 521 <!-- 522 522 </Section> … … 526 526 </Description> 527 527 --> 528 </B> 528 529 529 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Biographical Sketches of Panel Members</P> 530 530 … … 551 551 552 552 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="Advisory_Committee_on_Technolog"></A></P> 553 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2> 553 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B> 554 554 <!-- 555 555 </Section> … … 560 560 </Description> 561 561 --> 562 </B> 562 563 563 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">HUGH POPENOE, Director, International Programs in Agriculture, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, Chairman </P> 564 564 … … 582 582 583 583 </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2 COLOR="#0000ff"><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="Board_on_Science_and_Technology"></A></P> 584 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2> 584 </FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B> 585 585 <!-- 586 586 </Section> … … 590 590 </Description> 591 591 --> 592 </B> 592 593 593 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">GEORGE BUGLIARELLO, President, Polytechnic Institute of New York, Brooklyn, New York, Chairman </P> 594 594
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