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main/trunk/greenstone2/collect/demo/import/ec159e/ec159e.htm
r24011 r24803 7 7 <BODY> 8 8 9 <B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2>< P></P>9 <B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2></B><P></P> 10 10 <!-- 11 11 <Section> … … 14 14 </Description> 15 15 --> 16 </B> 16 17 17 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">AFRICA-CARIBBEAN-PACIFIC - EUROPEAN-UNION</P> 18 18 … … 35 35 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">To say that investing in people makes economic sense is to state the obvious. But to what extent are the implications of this statement fully understood in the developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, in these days of constantly shifting development theories? We look at this subject in our Dossier. </P> 36 36 37 <B> 37 <B></B> 38 38 <!-- 39 39 <Section> … … 42 42 </Description> 43 43 --> 44 </B> 44 45 45 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The Courier</P> 46 46 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Africa - Caribbean - Pacific - European Union</P> … … 94 94 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">John and Penny Hubley</P> 95 95 96 <B> 96 <B></B> 97 97 <!-- 98 98 </Section> … … 102 102 </Description> 103 103 --> 104 </B> 105 <B>< P></P>104 105 <B></B><P></P> 106 106 <!-- 107 107 <Section> … … 110 110 </Description> 111 111 --> 112 </B> 112 113 113 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">South Pacific Forum: 'responding to the needs of the Member States'</P> 114 114 … … 199 199 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The Secretariat must pursue its mission in accordance with the directives of the Forum and within its mandated areas of operation. it undertakes political and economic activities, regional in nature and complementary to the activities of the member governments. Its role requires it to act as the secretariat to the Forum and to disseminate the Forum's views, to coordinate activities with other regional institutions in particular through the SPOCC process, and to represent the Forum's interests intemationally, as required. </P> 200 200 201 <B> 201 <B></B> 202 202 <!-- 203 203 </Section> … … 208 208 </Description> 209 209 --> 210 </B> 210 211 211 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Investment symposium</P> 212 212 213 <B>< P></P>213 <B></B><P></P> 214 214 <!-- 215 215 <Section> … … 218 218 </Description> 219 219 --> 220 </B> 220 221 221 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency) symposium was held in Montreal from 22-24 May. It brought together some 40 African mining ministers, most of the important donor agencies and representatives of around 25 mining companies. MIGA, which is a specialised agency of the World Bank, promotes the flow of private investment to developing countries. It provides insurance against political risks and assists member countries in attracting foreign investment.</P> 222 222 … … 248 248 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">F. B.-H.</P> 249 249 250 <B>< P></P>250 <B></B><P></P> 251 251 <!-- 252 252 </Section> … … 256 256 </Description> 257 257 --> 258 < /B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Hans van de Veen</P>258 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Hans van de Veen</P> 259 259 260 260 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Can the EU-ACP relationship be used to strengthen the dialogue between Europe and the main victims of climate change ? And can the Lomé Convention be one of the tools to promote climate protection measures, as well as the implementation of the Climate</P> … … 307 307 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">H.v.d.V.</P> 308 308 309 <B>< P></P>309 <B></B><P></P> 310 310 <!-- 311 311 </Section> … … 315 315 </Description> 316 316 --> 317 </B> 317 318 318 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">There were no real surprises or unexpected developments at the ACP-EU Council meeting which took place in Apia, Western Samoa, on 27 and 28 June, 1996. The session was preceded by an ACP Council, which saw the adoption of three important decisions. The first of these was the appointment of a new ACP Secretary-6eneral, Mr Ng'andu P. Magande of Zambia. The post had been vacant for some time, following deadlock within the ACP Group over a successor to Berhane Ghebray (see issue 155 of The Courier, p.6). The ministers also agreed to hold a summit of ACP heads of government in Libreville, Gabon, during the second half of 1997. This meeting is expected to focus heavily on the future of ACPEU relations once the present Lomé Convention has expired.</P> 319 319 … … 336 336 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">From working in the field, he moved into government administration, rising to the position of Permanent Secretary-a post which he held in a number of ministries. Since the mid-1980s, he has had key jobs in a number of Zambian enterprises (including Managing Director of the Zambia National Commercial Bank) His most recent work has been on a project to develop private sector participation in agricultural input and produce marketing.</P> 337 337 338 <B>< P></P>338 <B></B><P></P> 339 339 <!-- 340 340 </Section> … … 344 344 </Description> 345 345 --> 346 </B> 346 347 347 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Elisabeth Pape</P> 348 348 … … 406 406 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">E.P. </P> 407 407 408 <B> 408 <B></B> 409 409 <!-- 410 410 </Section> … … 415 415 </Description> 416 416 --> 417 </B> 418 <B>< P></P>417 418 <B></B><P></P> 419 419 <!-- 420 420 <Section> … … 423 423 </Description> 424 424 --> 425 </B> 425 426 426 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Some countries have a strong folk memory. Despite its size, Mali appears hemmed in by its frontiers. For more than a thousand years, this state was a splendid empire, constantly spreading outward and reflecting the history of the African continent with its conquests and alliances, reversals of fortune and moments of glory. At its height, it extended from the Atlantic to the Sudanese border, from the south of Morocco to the north of Nigeria. Mali's history rests in the minds of its people rather than in any structures inherited from the past. This acts as an antidote to the 'amnesia' often brought on by colonisation, which has the effect of paralysing the future. Although poor, the country has a well-established sense of its place in the world.</P> 427 427 … … 465 465 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Hegel Goueier</P> 466 466 467 <I>< P></P>467 <I></I><P></P> 468 468 <!-- 469 469 <Section> … … 472 472 </Description> 473 473 --> 474 </I> 474 475 475 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">It is just something you have to get used to-in French-speaking Africa, virtually all countries have imitated France in assigning a number to each republic formed under a new constitution. At the time of its independence on 20 June 1960, Mali was a federation of two states; Senegal and the former 'French Sudan'. It was an alliance which failed after only a few weeks'existence end 'French Sudan' then adopted one of its most prestigious former names- Mali. </P> 476 476 … … 492 492 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">H.G.</P> 493 493 494 <I>< P></P>494 <I></I><P></P> 495 495 <!-- 496 496 </Section> … … 500 500 </Description> 501 501 --> 502 </I> 502 503 503 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">In Mali, the army has learnt if from the past</P> 504 504 … … 551 551 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">-I would say that it is more of a weakness, an inability to abandon a passion, even for supposedly good reasons. l am an 'internalist' and I have a passion for mechanisms. If you cure an infection and it returns, you have to look elsewhere to solve the problem. There are those in authority who spend money on trying to tackle problems without troubling to locate the cause. I would like to think that the analytical rigour of clinical science might also be put to good use in promoting understanding in politics. </P> 552 552 553 <I>< P></P>553 <I></I><P></P> 554 554 <!-- 555 555 </Section> … … 559 559 </Description> 560 560 --> 561 </I> 561 562 562 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">General information</P> 563 563 … … 603 603 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Human Development Index rating: 0.223 (171st out of 174)</P> 604 604 605 <I>< P></P>605 <I></I><P></P> 606 606 <!-- 607 607 </Section> … … 611 611 </Description> 612 612 --> 613 </I> 613 614 614 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">'Macro-economic indicators tell you nothing about the distribution of the country's resources'</P> 615 615 … … 651 651 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Interview by H.G.</P> 652 652 653 <I>< P></P>653 <I></I><P></P> 654 654 <!-- 655 655 </Section> … … 659 659 </Description> 660 660 --> 661 </I> 661 662 662 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">In West Africa, there is a dry, desert-like region which a river tried to bring under its sway. Instead of flowing seawards, the river's path went in the opposite direction to find this region, impulsively tracing a majestic loop of 2000 kiLométres before heading seawards. The Niger may not have provided an ideal site for Mali's major towns and villages, but it was considerate enough to form a major waterway between them which is navigable over almost its entire course. Its network of tributaries has resulted in the formation of large landlocked lakes whose waters are full of fish-a reminder of the times when the Sahara was one huge expanse of water. It has also resulted in the extraordinary Niger basin, a central delta area the size of Belgium, criss-crossed by lesser tributaries which reach into the smallest valleys. The river has created a diverse landscape which entices the visitor back. The land is steeped in history and if one wishes to learn its secrets, one has no choice but to study the empires of the past, forged it is said, by mythological deities and heros.</P> 663 663 … … 702 702 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Hegel Goutier</P> 703 703 704 <I>< P></P>704 <I></I><P></P> 705 705 <!-- 706 706 </Section> … … 710 710 </Description> 711 711 --> 712 < /I><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Roads and adjustment</P>712 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Roads and adjustment</P> 713 713 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Theo Hoorntje</P> 714 714 … … 758 758 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">T.H. </P> 759 759 760 <I>< P></P>760 <I></I><P></P> 761 761 <!-- 762 762 </Section> … … 766 766 </Description> 767 767 --> 768 </I> 768 769 769 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Catherine Beauraind and her five colleagues in the small team of foreigners and Malians, woke early. It had been a short night: our fault, since we had arrived at Bandiagara on the edge of the Niger valley much later than expected having taken the Sevare route. This is the gateway to the rocky Dogon region and travellers on the road occacionaliy fall victim to bandits-which probably made our hosts somewhat apprehensive about our late arrival. The people we had come to see are road builders, working without sophisticated equipment in a region of rocks and cliffs. They seem very youth froml, particularly those who have come from afar.</P> 770 770 … … 777 777 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Hegel Goutier </P> 778 778 779 <B>< P></P>779 <B></B><P></P> 780 780 <!-- 781 781 </Section> … … 786 786 </Description> 787 787 --> 788 </B> 789 <I>< P></P>788 789 <I></I><P></P> 790 790 <!-- 791 791 <Section> … … 794 794 </Description> 795 795 --> 796 </I> 796 797 797 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Small countries with a limited resource base are frequently buffeted by economic forces over which they have no control. If you live in Western Samoa, however, you are likely to be preoccupied by forces of a different kind. For while most of the time, Mother Nature presents a benign face in this attractive and fertile Pacific state, every once in a while, she loses her temper.</P> 798 798 … … 889 889 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">And what about those intrepid voyagers who fancy greeting the year 2000 in Tonga and then 'seeing out' the old millennium 24 hours later in Samoa. If i were an airline manager, I would be examining the possibility of extra flights from Nuku'alofa on the big day. (Let's hope it's not a Sunday I)</P> 890 890 891 <I>< P></P>891 <I></I><P></P> 892 892 <!-- 893 893 </Section> … … 897 897 </Description> 898 898 --> 899 < /I><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">'Economic future in tourism end manufacturing'</P>899 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">'Economic future in tourism end manufacturing'</P> 900 900 901 901 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The Courier visited Western Samoa at the end of June while the country was hosting the ACP-EU Council of Ministers meeting. At the time, veteran Prime Minister, Tofilau Eti Alesana, was recovering from an operation, and his duties were being carried out by his deputy, Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi, who is also the Minister of Finance. Despite a hectic schedule, the Deputy Prime Minister kindly managed to find a slot for a keynote interview with The Courier.</P> … … 955 955 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">In this respect, I believe we are quite different from Fiji and Tonga. In Tonga, the dividing line is quite clear. If you are born a noble, you remain a noble and if you are born a commoner, you will always be a commoner. It is the same in Fiji. There, you are automatically a ratu K your father was one. By contrast, here in Samoa, my son cannot automatically succeed to my title. So to become a matai, a person has to earn it, and to put his case at the family meeting which is convened to choose a successor. Usually, the person chosen is the one who displays the best leadership qualities. I think I should also point out that becoming a matai is not that difficult. If you want to be one, you inform the family and if they think you have matured sufficiently, you will generally get the position and then become eligible to be a parliamentary candidate. It is typical that when a family sees a fellow has matured, he becomes a matai.</P> 956 956 957 <I>< P></P>957 <I></I><P></P> 958 958 <!-- 959 959 </Section> … … 963 963 </Description> 964 964 --> 965 </I> 965 966 966 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">General information</P> 967 967 … … 1013 1013 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Human Development Index rating: 0.700 (88th out of 174) </P> 1014 1014 1015 <I>< P></P>1015 <I></I><P></P> 1016 1016 <!-- 1017 1017 </Section> … … 1021 1021 </Description> 1022 1022 --> 1023 </I> 1023 1024 1024 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Folasaito Joe Annandale and his wife Tui are the brains behind Western Samoa's latest tourist facility- the Sinalei Reef Resort, which has just opened on the beautiful south coast of Upolu island. They are among a growing number of Samoan entrepreneurs who are injecting new dynamism into the country's economy although they are somewhat unusual in the tourist trade. With the notable exception of the famous 'Aggie Grey's Hotel' in Apia, tourist accommodation in Western Samoa has tended to be the preserve of foreign investors, including some of the major international hotel chains.</P> 1025 1025 … … 1045 1045 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">S.H.</P> 1046 1046 1047 <I>< P></P>1047 <I></I><P></P> 1048 1048 <!-- 1049 1049 </Section> … … 1053 1053 </Description> 1054 1054 --> 1055 < /I><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">'Revive the agricultural base'</P>1055 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">'Revive the agricultural base'</P> 1056 1056 1057 1057 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Tupua Tamasese Efi a former Prime Minister of Western Samoa, is leader of the opposition Samoa National Development Party which won 11 of the 49 seats in the parliamentary elections held in April 1996. In this interview, he outlines his own and his party's views on some of the key political and economic issues in his country.</P> … … 1091 1091 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">When you enter a common endeavour, there is always the pull of your own particular interests. And there can be a suspicion that the 'bigger boys' will use the others to promote their own interests. A lot of this may be perception rather than reality. Also, traditional rivalries can intrude. Sometimes you need to fall flat on your face before you Let me give you an example from the world of rugby. It took Rupert Murdoch to get Fiji, Tonga and Western Samoa to realise that our fates are intertwined. He has come in with a commercial package that has taken over the entire rugby scene in the region- with a heavy emphasis on Australia and New Zealand-and this has hit us in a big way. For example, we find ourselves being cut out of traditional rugby tours. There is no point in us trying to claim that we are self-sufficient in this area. The big lesson is that we need to cooperate a lot more with the Tongans and Fijians in order to make an impact on the wider rugby scene._ </P> 1092 1092 1093 <I>< P></P>1093 <I></I><P></P> 1094 1094 <!-- 1095 1095 </Section> … … 1099 1099 </Description> 1100 1100 --> 1101 < /I><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Focus on utilities</P>1101 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Focus on utilities</P> 1102 1102 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Mylanwy van de Velde</P> 1103 1103 … … 1135 1135 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">S.H.</P> 1136 1136 1137 <B> 1137 <B></B> 1138 1138 <!-- 1139 1139 </Section> … … 1145 1145 </Description> 1146 1146 --> 1147 </B> 1148 <B>< P></P>1147 1148 <B></B><P></P> 1149 1149 <!-- 1150 1150 <Section> … … 1153 1153 </Description> 1154 1154 --> 1155 </B> 1155 1156 1156 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(Dossier coordinated by Augustine Oyowe)</P> 1157 1157 … … 1208 1208 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">It is insufficient, however, to have an educated workforce. Sub Saharan Africa must acquire the institutional and managerial capacity to make the right decisions, both in the public and private sectors. This is essential in the quest to eliminate poverty, achieve sustained and sustainable economic growth and ensure a realistic integration of the region into the global economy. </P> 1209 1209 1210 <B>< P></P>1210 <B></B><P></P> 1211 1211 <!-- 1212 1212 </Section> … … 1216 1216 </Description> 1217 1217 --> 1218 < /B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Giovanni Andrea Cornia </P>1218 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Giovanni Andrea Cornia </P> 1219 1219 1220 1220 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Over the past two decades, a clear consensus, supported by a growing amount of empirical evidence, has emerged on the growth and distributive effects of appropriate health care, nutrition and education, and on the rationality of investing in human resources to promote development in low-income economies, and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular. It is now clear that public and private rates of return on investment in primary and secondary education are substantially greater than those in most industrial sectors. Similarly, it is now well demonstrated that nutritional interventions in favour of workers at low levels of food intake has a very large impact on labour productivity. Also, provision of simple but adequate nutrition and health care at an early age has been shown to spare substantially greater health outlays over the longer term. While the number of these examples can be multiplied, the lesson is overwhelmingly clear: investing in people is a sound development policy.</P> … … 1308 1308 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">While private providers, including church missions, have always been important in Africa, much of the market oriented literature tends to be very optimistic about the scope for expanding private services in order to replace government ones. Although a multiplicity of providers is desirable (and frequently unavoidable), there are several reasons why such optimism should be tempered. First, private sector services in Africa are typically concentrated in urban areas, and because of their cost, cater for upper-income groups. Although non-governmental providers (especially missions) are often located in rural areas, and they generally provide valuable services, they are seldom able to guarantee extensive coverage and in some cases may duplicate government services. Second, private providers are not without costs to governments; they often receive subsidies or preferential treatment in the allocation of foreign exchange and typically offer higher salaries and better working conditions which draw manpower away from the public sector. In Zambia, for instance, a teacher in a primary school run by the Consolidated Copper Mines can earn more than a lecturer at the University of Zambia. In countries with extremely limited numbers of doctors, certified nurses, qualified teachers and so on, greater privatisation would exacerbate the 'brain drain' from the public to the private sector and the undersupply of 'quasi public goods' for the majority, leading to harmful social differentiation. Third, quality is not necessarily an important incentive in the private sector in developing countries. The view that private institutions in health care and education are more efficient tends to be based largely on analyses in developed countries. Fourth, the growing pressure for pluralism in social service provision often gives scant attention to the problems of central coordination and planning and the development of an adequate 'regulatory framework' for private sector activities. While playing an important complementary role, the private sector and, to a lesser extent, the NGO sector, are thus affected by important objective limitations. Indeed, ironically, their proper functioning and social utility depends crucially on the existence of a stronger, not weaker, state able to regulate, coordinate and ensure that basic social services are provided - possibly through a multitude of public, NGO and private providers-to all citizens of a nation. G.A.C</P> 1309 1309 1310 <B>< P></P>1310 <B></B><P></P> 1311 1311 <!-- 1312 1312 </Section> … … 1316 1316 </Description> 1317 1317 --> 1318 </B> 1318 1319 1319 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Franklyn Lisk</P> 1320 1320 … … 1376 1376 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">F.L. </P> 1377 1377 1378 <B>< P></P>1378 <B></B><P></P> 1379 1379 <!-- 1380 1380 </Section> … … 1384 1384 </Description> 1385 1385 --> 1386 </B> 1386 1387 1387 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Increasing demands and diminishing resources in higher education</P> 1388 1388 … … 1426 1426 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">D.C.</P> 1427 1427 1428 <B>< P></P>1428 <B></B><P></P> 1429 1429 <!-- 1430 1430 </Section> … … 1434 1434 </Description> 1435 1435 --> 1436 </B> 1436 1437 1437 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">When a highly qualified professional chooses to leave his own country for another, he does so for one or several legitimate political or economic reasons: peace and security for himself and his family, job satisfaction, better pay and conditions. a higher standard of living, etc. Throughout history, countries and centres of academic excellence which offer these attractions have received the largest numbers of professional migrants and these have, in turn, made substantial contributions, not only to the economic growth of their host countries, but also to the scientific and technological advancement of humanity. The wave of German scientists who moved to the United States after the Second World war, and their discoveries and inventions, come readily to mind. On a global level, therefore, the free movement and interaction of highly skilled people is a positive thing. But the costs to the home countries of losing their professionals is incalculable-in terms of both development opportunities and loss of investment.</P> 1438 1438 … … 1460 1460 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A.O.</P> 1461 1461 1462 <B>< P></P>1462 <B></B><P></P> 1463 1463 <!-- 1464 1464 </Section> … … 1468 1468 </Description> 1469 1469 --> 1470 </B> 1470 1471 1471 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">On the scale of the brain drain problem facing the developing countries, the UNDP's Transfer of Knowledge Through Expatriate Nationals (TOKTEN) project may not amount to much, but it has proved, in its 19 years of existence, to be a cost-effective way of getting highly qualified expatriates from the developing countries to contribute to the development of their countries of origin.</P> 1472 1472 … … 1508 1508 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A.O </P> 1509 1509 1510 <B>< P></P>1510 <B></B><P></P> 1511 1511 <!-- 1512 1512 </Section> … … 1516 1516 </Description> 1517 1517 --> 1518 </B> 1518 1519 1519 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The role of the Commonwealth in the economic and social progress of its member states is neither widely known nor widely publicised. Yet for over 25 years, the Commonwealth Fund for Technical Cooperation (CFTC) has made significant contributions to the efforts of its developing member countries to accelerate the pace of their economic development.</P> 1520 1520 … … 1579 1579 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Women are helped, under the programme, to adapt their handicrafts for export, improve their manufacturing techniques and undertake sales missions abroad. Training is also given in export marketing, product development, costing and pricing. If necessary, changes to government policy are recommended. In 1994, the assistance given to Ghanaian women to develop markets for their basket ware and handicrafts is estimated to have helped generate sales worth US$3.1 million (ECU 2.4m). </P> 1580 1580 1581 <B>< P></P>1581 <B></B><P></P> 1582 1582 <!-- 1583 1583 </Section> … … 1587 1587 </Description> 1588 1588 --> 1589 < /B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Digby Swift</P>1589 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Digby Swift</P> 1590 1590 1591 1591 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The European Community's investments in human resource development-health, nutrition and education-in ACP states have regularly been covered in the pages of this magazine whether in the context of dosiers or of country resorts. Here we present a brief description of how the EU's policy in education and training evolved under the Yaounde and Lomé Convemntions.</P> … … 1638 1638 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">D.S.</P> 1639 1639 1640 <B> 1640 <B></B> 1641 1641 <!-- 1642 1642 </Section> … … 1647 1647 </Description> 1648 1648 --> 1649 </B> 1650 <B>< P></P>1649 1650 <B></B><P></P> 1651 1651 <!-- 1652 1652 <Section> … … 1655 1655 </Description> 1656 1656 --> 1657 < /B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Kenneth Karl</P>1657 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Kenneth Karl</P> 1658 1658 1659 1659 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">1989 saw the end of the Yalta inspired twin-superpower dominance. Nations had to examine their priorities in their desire for integration in an international environment in which geostrategic and economic realignment would be unavoidable. The philosophy which had served as a basis and reference point for North/South relations throughout the Cold War period is now being called into question and necessary adjustments in ideas have been triggered.</P> … … 1738 1738 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The response so far has been encouraging, but it has come mainly from the European side. We are keen to receive contributions from ACP readers as well. If you have you own ideas or opinions about what should happen after Lomé IV expires, why not put them on paper and send them to us. Our address is on the inside front cover of the magazine. </P> 1739 1739 1740 <B>< P></P>1740 <B></B><P></P> 1741 1741 <!-- 1742 1742 </Section> … … 1746 1746 </Description> 1747 1747 --> 1748 </B> 1748 1749 1749 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">This was the subject of a conference which took place in Maastricht from 12-14 June, under the auspices of the European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM). It brought together participants from ACP countries and Europe, including representatives of civil society (NGOs, the private sector, etc.). Four major topics were addressed:</P> 1750 1750 … … 1779 1779 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Dominique David</P> 1780 1780 1781 <B>< P></P>1781 <B></B><P></P> 1782 1782 <!-- 1783 1783 </Section> … … 1787 1787 </Description> 1788 1788 --> 1789 </B> 1789 1790 1790 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">On 6 and 7 June, the Belgian Par/iament hosted a UN seminar on 'me future of international development cooperation: new communication challenges' 'Democratising Democracy' was the succinct, journalistic way in which one of the speakers at the meeting summed up his solution to the problem of underdevelop meet. He was Jean-Bertrand Aristide, former President of Haiti, who observed that democracy, as advocated by the developed world, and increasingly accepted by developing countries, does not prevent the latter's slide into even greater poverty. The Courier had the opportunity to interview Mr Aristide. We began by asking him whether his statement implied that democracy is failing in a world striving to 'globalise' it J-B.A.-The word democracy comes from the Greek words 'demos', meaning people and 'kratein', meaning to govern. In other words, it signifies government of the people, for the people by the people-but if we take a look at the world today, the impression we get is that not all so-called democratic governments are in fact what they purport to be. Hence the need to 'democratise democracy', so as to create a situation in which all citizens can help set governments on a course towards such a model.</P> 1791 1791 … … 1820 1820 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Interview by Hegel Goutier</P> 1821 1821 1822 <B> 1822 <B></B> 1823 1823 <!-- 1824 1824 </Section> … … 1829 1829 </Description> 1830 1830 --> 1831 </B> 1832 <B>< P></P>1831 1832 <B></B><P></P> 1833 1833 <!-- 1834 1834 <Section> … … 1837 1837 </Description> 1838 1838 --> 1839 < /B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Jean-Pierre Tilquin and Miguel Amado</P>1839 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Jean-Pierre Tilquin and Miguel Amado</P> 1840 1840 1841 1841 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">This tiny country tucked away at the heart of Africa has, as is well known, been convulsed over the last three years by an acute socio-political crisis. The tragic consequences have included loss of human life, damage to the economic and social infrastructure, and a movement of refugees to neighbouring countries. Burundi, already one of the most densely populated nations in Africa, also has high population growth. It could be argued that it is only thanks to the hard work and perseverance of the farmers (admittedly, 90% of the population) that the country manages to keep going at all.</P> … … 1903 1903 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">J-P.T. & M.A.</P> 1904 1904 1905 <B> 1905 <B></B> 1906 1906 <!-- 1907 1907 </Section> … … 1912 1912 </Description> 1913 1913 --> 1914 </B> 1915 <B>< P></P>1914 1915 <B></B><P></P> 1916 1916 <!-- 1917 1917 <Section> … … 1920 1920 </Description> 1921 1921 --> 1922 </B> 1922 1923 1923 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A view from UNESCO.</P> 1924 1924 … … 1969 1969 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">C.A.A. </P> 1970 1970 1971 <B>< P></P>1971 <B></B><P></P> 1972 1972 <!-- 1973 1973 </Section> … … 1977 1977 </Description> 1978 1978 --> 1979 < /B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by David Nthengwe</P>1979 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by David Nthengwe</P> 1980 1980 1981 1981 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The Media Institute of Southern Africa</P> … … 2015 2015 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">D.N.</P> 2016 2016 2017 <B>< P></P>2017 <B></B><P></P> 2018 2018 <!-- 2019 2019 </Section> … … 2023 2023 </Description> 2024 2024 --> 2025 < /B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Thomas M. Neufing</P>2025 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Thomas M. Neufing</P> 2026 2026 2027 2027 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Volunteers have become a major component in international development efforts. They make up a significant proportion of the total human resources available for development cooperation (up to a fifth of the skilled international personnel serving in developing countries). In the early days, volunteer service was strongly influenced by the idea of oneway technical assistance. Specialists, mainly from the North, served in developing nations where their expertise was desperately needed but not yet found among local citizens. Much has changed since.</P> … … 2060 2060 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Study by the World Wide Fund for Nature</P> 2061 2061 2062 <B>< P></P>2062 <B></B><P></P> 2063 2063 <!-- 2064 2064 </Section> … … 2068 2068 </Description> 2069 2069 --> 2070 < /B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by David Reed</P>2070 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by David Reed</P> 2071 2071 2072 2072 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">On 29 May, David Reed of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) was in Brussels to present the results of a study undertaken by the WWF, with the support of the European Commission, the longterm consequences of structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) on the environment and the use of nature/ resources. Conclusions were drawn from nine country case studies from Cameroon, Mall Tanzania, Zambia, El Salvador, Jamaica, Venezuela, Vietnam and Pakistan. We publish here an abridged version of Mr Reed's general presentation.</P> … … 2096 2096 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">D.R. </P> 2097 2097 2098 <B> 2098 <B></B> 2099 2099 <!-- 2100 2100 </Section> … … 2105 2105 </Description> 2106 2106 --> 2107 </B> 2108 <B>< P></P>2107 2108 <B></B><P></P> 2109 2109 <!-- 2110 2110 <Section> … … 2113 2113 </Description> 2114 2114 --> 2115 </B> 2115 2116 2116 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Dak'Art 96</P> 2117 2117 … … 2148 2148 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Hegei Goutier</P> 2149 2149 2150 <B>< P></P>2150 <B></B><P></P> 2151 2151 <!-- 2152 2152 </Section> … … 2156 2156 </Description> 2157 2157 --> 2158 < /B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Robert Rowe</P>2158 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Robert Rowe</P> 2159 2159 2160 2160 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Many ways of raising money to fight AlDS have been tried, but one of the most unusual must surely be the approach taken by an official of the European Commission. Robert Rowe, who until last year was an assistant editor on The Courier, put on a oneman show in Brussels and then rook it to the other side of the world to raise money for a voluntary organisation working on AIDS prevention and care in Malaysia. Here is his story of fighting the virus with the power of the theatre.</P> … … 2182 2182 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">R.R. </P> 2183 2183 2184 <B> 2184 <B></B> 2185 2185 <!-- 2186 2186 </Section> … … 2191 2191 </Description> 2192 2192 --> 2193 </B> 2194 <B>< P></P>2193 2194 <B></B><P></P> 2195 2195 <!-- 2196 2196 <Section> … … 2199 2199 </Description> 2200 2200 --> 2201 </B> 2201 2202 2202 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Materials, techniques and knowledge at the service of new architectural applications</P> 2203 2203 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">by Hugo Houben and Hubert Guilland.</P> … … 2294 2294 The use of earth</P> 2295 2295 2296 <B>< P></P>2296 <B></B><P></P> 2297 2297 <!-- 2298 2298 </Section> … … 2302 2302 </Description> 2303 2303 --> 2304 </B> 2304 2305 2305 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Plea for African solidarity</P> 2306 2306 … … 2348 2348 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">In the fifth paragraph under the same heading, there was a reference to Helena Torres Couto. This should have read Mr Jose Manuel Torres Couto. </P> 2349 2349 2350 <B>< P></P>2350 <B></B><P></P> 2351 2351 <!-- 2352 2352 </Section> … … 2356 2356 </Description> 2357 2357 --> 2358 </B> 2358 2359 2359 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">L'Afrique est-elle protectionniste- Les chemins buissonniers de la liberation exterieure</P> 2360 2360 … … 2391 2391 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Debra Percival</P> 2392 2392 2393 <B>< P></P>2393 <B></B><P></P> 2394 2394 <!-- 2395 2395 </Section> … … 2399 2399 </Description> 2400 2400 --> 2401 </B> 2402 <I>< P></P>2401 2402 <I></I><P></P> 2403 2403 <!-- 2404 2404 <Section> … … 2407 2407 </Description> 2408 2408 --> 2409 </I> 2409 2410 2410 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Trafficking of women</P> 2411 2411 … … 2503 2503 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Tel. (32) 081-72.49.09</P> 2504 2504 2505 <I>< P></P>2505 <I></I><P></P> 2506 2506 <!-- 2507 2507 </Section> … … 2511 2511 </Description> 2512 2512 --> 2513 </I> 2513 2514 2514 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Common foreign and security policy</P> 2515 2515 … … 2596 2596 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The EU reaffirms its willingness to support the realisation of the Arusha objectives with a view to restoring peace and security in Burundi. It remains ready to help Burundi in its economic and social recovery when political and security conditions make it possible to begin its rehabilitation.</P> 2597 2597 2598 <I>< P></P>2598 <I></I><P></P> 2599 2599 <!-- 2600 2600 </Section> … … 2604 2604 </Description> 2605 2605 --> 2606 </I> 2606 2607 2607 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The President of Haiti</P> 2608 2608 … … 2619 2619 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">This trip to Brussels was the President's first overseas visit in his new capacity, following his election on 30 June. Indeed, he had not yet formally assumed office at the time of his visit. His inauguration was due to take place on 16 August and the President-elect extended an invitation to the Commission to attend the ceremony. Mr Fernandez Reyna's subsequent itinerary included visits to Spain, France and the United States.</P> 2620 2620 2621 <I>< P></P>2621 <I></I><P></P> 2622 2622 <!-- 2623 2623 </Section> … … 2627 2627 </Description> 2628 2628 --> 2629 </I> 2629 2630 2630 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The Commission has recently approved the financing of the following projects under the budget line 'Human Rights and Democracy in the Developing Countries):</P> 2631 2631 … … 2650 2650 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Sri Lanka: ECU 84 314 for a programme of information in the field of promoting equal opportunities and non-discrimination </P> 2651 2651 2652 <I>< P></P>2652 <I></I><P></P> 2653 2653 <!-- 2654 2654 </Section> … … 2658 2658 </Description> 2659 2659 --> 2660 </I> 2660 2661 2661 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The Commission has recently decided to finance the following projects in developing countries affected by serious civil disturbances or natural disasters:</P> 2662 2662 … … 2704 2704 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Haiti: ECU 551980 for a programme to rehabilitate schools and provide support for the education sector. </P> 2705 2705 2706 <I>< P></P>2706 <I></I><P></P> 2707 2707 <!-- 2708 2708 </Section> … … 2712 2712 </Description> 2713 2713 --> 2714 </I> 2714 2715 2715 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Following, where required, favourable opinions from the EDF Committee, the Commission has decided to provide grants and special loans from the 5th, 6th and 7th EDFs to finance the following operations (grants unless otherwise stated). Major projects and programmes are highlighted.</P> 2716 2716 … … 2784 2784 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Zaire: ECU 2 million to support the integration of displaced people in Kasai. </P> 2785 2785 2786 <I>< P></P>2786 <I></I><P></P> 2787 2787 <!-- 2788 2788 </Section> … … 2792 2792 </Description> 2793 2793 --> 2794 </I> 2794 2795 2795 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">South Africa: A loan of ECU 56 million for Eskom, the public electricity company, for the modemisation of part of its electricity distribution network.</P> 2796 2796 2797 <I>< P></P>2797 <I></I><P></P> 2798 2798 <!-- 2799 2799 </Section> … … 2803 2803 </Description> 2804 2804 --> 2805 </I> 2805 2806 2806 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">ACP countries</P> 2807 2807 … … 2842 2842 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Bangladesh: ECU 300 000 to help victims of the tropical storm that struck in the middle of May. </P> 2843 2843 2844 <I>< P></P>2844 <I></I><P></P> 2845 2845 <!-- 2846 2846 </Section> … … 2850 2850 </Description> 2851 2851 --> 2852 </I> 2852 2853 2853 <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Angola: 15 000 tonnes of cereals, 2000 tonnes of oils and 3000 tonnes of beans amounting to a total value of ECU 20.075 million. </P> 2854 2854 </FONT>
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