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ExifTool.pod

Timestamp:

2021-02-26T19:39:51+13:00 (3 years ago)

Author:

anupama

Message:

Committing the improvements to EmbeddedMetaPlugin's processing of Keywords vs other metadata fields. Keywords were literally stored as arrays of words rather than phrases in PDFs (at least in Diego's sample PDF), whereas other meta fields like Subjects and Creators stored them as arrays of phrases. To get both to work, Kathy updated EXIF to a newer version, to retrieve the actual EXIF values stored in the PDF. And Kathy and Dr Bainbridge came up with a new option that I added called apply_join_before_split_to_metafields that's a regex which can list the metadata fields to apply the join_before_split to and whcih previously always got applied to all metadata fields. Now it's applied to any *Keywords metafields by default, as that's the metafield we have experience of that behaves differently to the others, as it stores by word instead of phrases. Tested on Diego's sample PDF. Diego has double-checked it to works on his sample PDF too, setting the split char to ; and turning on the join_before_split and leaving apply_join_before_split_to_metafields at its default of .*Keywords. File changes are strings.properties for the tooltip, the plugin introducing the option and working with it and Kathy's EXIF updates affecting cpan/File and cpan/Image.

File:

: 1 edited

main/trunk/greenstone2/perllib/cpan/Image/ExifTool.pod (modified) (94 diffs)

Legend:

: Unmodified
: Added
: Removed

main/trunk/greenstone2/perllib/cpan/Image/ExifTool.pod

-              r24107
+              r34921
 # Description:  Read and write meta information
+#
 # URL:          http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/
+# URL:          https://exiftool.org/
+#
 # Legal:        Copyright (c) 2003-2010, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
+# Legal:        Copyright (c) 2003-2021, Phil Harvey (philharvey66 at gmail.com)
 #               This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 #               modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
 …
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
+ExifTool provides an extensible set of perl modules to read and write meta
+information in a wide variety of files, including the maker note information
 of many digital cameras by various manufacturers such as Canon, Casio,
 FujiFilm, GE, HP, JVC/Victor, Kodak, Leaf, Minolta/Konica-Minolta, Nikon,
+Olympus/Epson, Panasonic/Leica, Pentax/Asahi, Reconyx, Ricoh, Samsung,
 Sanyo, Sigma/Foveon and Sony.
+Reads and writes meta information in a wide variety of files, including the
+maker notes of many digital cameras by various manufacturers such as Canon,
+Casio, DJI, FLIR, FujiFilm, GE, GoPro, HP, JVC/Victor, Kodak, Leaf,
+Minolta/Konica-Minolta, Nikon, Nintendo, Olympus/Epson, Panasonic/Leica,
+Pentax/Asahi, Phase One, Reconyx, Ricoh, Samsung, Sanyo, Sigma/Foveon and
+Sony.
 Below is a list of file types and meta information formats currently
 …
   File Types
   ------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+------------
+FR   r     | DVB   r     | M4A/V r     | PBM   r/w   | RWL   r/w
+G2   r     | DYLIB r     | MEF   r/w   | PDF   r/w   | RWZ   r
+GP   r     | EIP   r     | MIE   r/w/c | PEF   r/w   | RM    r
+  ACR   r     | EPS   r/w   | MIFF  r     | PFA   r     | SO    r
+  AFM   r     | ERF   r/w   | MKA   r     | PFB   r     | SR2   r/w
+  AI    r/w   | EXE   r     | MKS   r     | PFM   r     | SRF   r
+  AIFF  r     | EXIF  r/w/c | MKV   r     | PGF   r     | SRW   r/w
+  APE   r     | F4A/V r     | MNG   r/w   | PGM   r/w   | SVG   r
+  ARW   r/w   | FLA   r     | MOS   r/w   | PICT  r     | SWF   r
+  ASF   r     | FLAC  r     | MOV   r     | PMP   r     | THM   r/w
+  AVI   r     | FLV   r     | MP3   r     | PNG   r/w   | TIFF  r/w
+  BMP   r     | FPX   r     | MP4   r     | PPM   r/w   | TTC   r
+  BTF   r     | GIF   r/w   | MPC   r     | PPT   r     | TTF   r
+  COS   r     | GZ    r     | MPG   r     | PPTX  r     | VRD   r/w/c
+  CR2   r/w   | HDP   r/w   | MPO   r/w   | PS    r/w   | VSD   r
+  CRW   r/w   | HTML  r     | MQV   r     | PSB   r/w   | WAV   r
+  CS1   r/w   | ICC   r/w/c | MRW   r/w   | PSD   r/w   | WDP   r/w
+  DCM   r     | IIQ   r/w   | MXF   r     | PSP   r     | WEBP  r
+  DCP   r/w   | IND   r/w   | NEF   r/w   | QTIF  r     | WEBM  r
+  DCR   r     | ITC   r     | NRW   r/w   | RA    r     | WMA   r
+  DFONT r     | JNG   r/w   | NUMBERS r   | RAF   r/w   | WMV   r
+  DIVX  r     | JP2   r/w   | ODP   r     | RAM   r     | X3F   r/w
+  DJVU  r     | JPEG  r/w   | ODS   r     | RAR   r     | XCF   r
+  DLL   r     | K25   r     | ODT   r     | RAW   r/w   | XLS   r
+  DNG   r/w   | KDC   r     | OGG   r     | RIFF  r     | XLSX  r
+  DOC   r     | KEY   r     | ORF   r/w   | RSRC  r     | XMP   r/w/c
+  DOCX  r     | LNK   r     | OTF   r     | RTF   r     | ZIP   r
+  DV    r     | M2TS  r     | PAGES r     | RW2   r/w   |
+   r/w   | DPX   r     | ITC   r     | ODP   r     | RIFF  r
+FR   r     | DR4   r/w/c | J2C   r     | ODS   r     | RSRC  r
+G2   r/w   | DSS   r     | JNG   r/w   | ODT   r     | RTF   r
+GP   r/w   | DV    r     | JP2   r/w   | OFR   r     | RW2   r/w
+  A     r     | DVB   r/w   | JPEG  r/w   | OGG   r     | RWL   r/w
+  AA    r     | DVR-MS r    | JSON  r     | OGV   r     | RWZ   r
+  AAE   r     | DYLIB r     | K25   r     | ONP   r     | RM    r
+  AAX   r/w   | EIP   r     | KDC   r     | OPUS  r     | SEQ   r
+  ACR   r     | EPS   r/w   | KEY   r     | ORF   r/w   | SKETCH r
+  AFM   r     | EPUB  r     | LA    r     | OTF   r     | SO    r
+  AI    r/w   | ERF   r/w   | LFP   r     | PAC   r     | SR2   r/w
+  AIFF  r     | EXE   r     | LNK   r     | PAGES r     | SRF   r
+  APE   r     | EXIF  r/w/c | LRV   r/w   | PBM   r/w   | SRW   r/w
+  ARQ   r/w   | EXR   r     | M2TS  r     | PCD   r     | SVG   r
+  ARW   r/w   | EXV   r/w/c | M4A/V r/w   | PCX   r     | SWF   r
+  ASF   r     | F4A/V r/w   | MACOS r     | PDB   r     | THM   r/w
+  AVI   r     | FFF   r/w   | MAX   r     | PDF   r/w   | TIFF  r/w
+  AVIF  r/w   | FITS  r     | MEF   r/w   | PEF   r/w   | TORRENT r
+  AZW   r     | FLA   r     | MIE   r/w/c | PFA   r     | TTC   r
+  BMP   r     | FLAC  r     | MIFF  r     | PFB   r     | TTF   r
+  BPG   r     | FLIF  r/w   | MKA   r     | PFM   r     | TXT   r
+  BTF   r     | FLV   r     | MKS   r     | PGF   r     | VCF   r
+  CHM   r     | FPF   r     | MKV   r     | PGM   r/w   | VRD   r/w/c
+  COS   r     | FPX   r     | MNG   r/w   | PLIST r     | VSD   r
+  CR2   r/w   | GIF   r/w   | MOBI  r     | PICT  r     | WAV   r
+  CR3   r/w   | GPR   r/w   | MODD  r     | PMP   r     | WDP   r/w
+  CRM   r/w   | GZ    r     | MOI   r     | PNG   r/w   | WEBP  r
+  CRW   r/w   | HDP   r/w   | MOS   r/w   | PPM   r/w   | WEBM  r
+  CS1   r/w   | HDR   r     | MOV   r/w   | PPT   r     | WMA   r
+  CSV   r     | HEIC  r/w   | MP3   r     | PPTX  r     | WMV   r
+  CZI   r     | HEIF  r/w   | MP4   r/w   | PS    r/w   | WTV   r
+  DCM   r     | HTML  r     | MPC   r     | PSB   r/w   | WV    r
+  DCP   r/w   | ICC   r/w/c | MPG   r     | PSD   r/w   | X3F   r/w
+  DCR   r     | ICS   r     | MPO   r/w   | PSP   r     | XCF   r
+  DFONT r     | IDML  r     | MQV   r/w   | QTIF  r/w   | XLS   r
+  DIVX  r     | IIQ   r/w   | MRW   r/w   | R3D   r     | XLSX  r
+  DJVU  r     | IND   r/w   | MXF   r     | RA    r     | XMP   r/w/c
+  DLL   r     | INSP  r/w   | NEF   r/w   | RAF   r/w   | ZIP   r
+  DNG   r/w   | INSV  r     | NRW   r/w   | RAM   r     |
+  DOC   r     | INX   r     | NUMBERS r   | RAR   r     |
+  DOCX  r     | ISO   r     | O     r     | RAW   r/w   |
   Meta Information
 …
   XMP            r/w/c  |  FotoStation    r/w  |  MPF            r
   MakerNotes     r/w/c  |  PhotoMechanic  r/w  |  Stim           r
+  Photoshop IRB  r/w/c  |  JPEG 2000      r    |  APE            r
+  ICC Profile    r/w/c  |  DICOM          r    |  Vorbis         r
+  MIE            r/w/c  |  Flash          r    |  SPIFF          r
+  JFIF           r/w/c  |  FlashPix       r    |  DjVu           r
+  Ducky APP12    r/w/c  |  QuickTime      r    |  M2TS           r
+  PDF            r/w/c  |  Matroska       r    |  PE/COFF        r
+  PNG            r/w/c  |  GeoTIFF        r    |  AVCHD          r
+  Canon VRD      r/w/c  |  PrintIM        r    |  ZIP            r
+  Nikon Capture  r/w/c  |  ID3            r    |  (and more)
+  Photoshop IRB  r/w/c  |  JPEG 2000      r    |  DPX            r
+  ICC Profile    r/w/c  |  DICOM          r    |  APE            r
+  MIE            r/w/c  |  Flash          r    |  Vorbis         r
+  JFIF           r/w/c  |  FlashPix       r    |  SPIFF          r
+  Ducky APP12    r/w/c  |  QuickTime      r    |  DjVu           r
+  PDF            r/w/c  |  Matroska       r    |  M2TS           r
+  PNG            r/w/c  |  MXF            r    |  PE/COFF        r
+  Canon VRD      r/w/c  |  PrintIM        r    |  AVCHD          r
+  Nikon Capture  r/w/c  |  FLAC           r    |  ZIP            r
+  GeoTIFF        r/w/c  |  ID3            r    |  (and more)
 =head1 CONFIGURATION
 …
 By default ExifTool looks for a configuration file named ".ExifTool_config"
 first in your home directory, then in the directory of the application
+script, but a different file may be specified by setting the ExifTool
+C<configFile> variable before using Image::ExifTool.  For example:
+script, but a different directory may be specified by setting the
+EXIFTOOL_HOME environment variable, or a different file may be specified by
+setting the ExifTool C<configFile> variable before using Image::ExifTool.
+For example:
     BEGIN { $Image::ExifTool::configFile = '/Users/phil/myconfig.cfg' }
     use Image::ExifTool;
+or the configuration feature may be disabled by setting C<configFile> to an
 empty string:
+The configuration feature may also be disabled by setting C<configFile> to
+an empty string:
     BEGIN { $Image::ExifTool::configFile = '' }
 …
 None of these methods should ever die or issue warnings to STDERR if called
+with the proper arguments (with the exception of L</SetNewValue> which
+returns an error string when called in list context, or sends the error to
+STDERR otherwise).  Error and warning messages that occur during processing
+are stored in the values of the Error and Warning tags, and are accessible
+via the L</GetValue> method.
+with the proper arguments (with the exception of L</SetNewValue> which may
+send an error message to STDERR, but only when called in scalar context).
+Error and warning messages that occur during processing are stored in the
+values of the Error and Warning tags, and are accessible via the
+L</GetValue> method to retrieve a single Error or Warning message, or
+L</GetInfo> to retrieve any number of them.
+The ExifTool methods are not thread safe.
 =head2 new
 …
 Note that ExifTool uses AUTOLOAD to load non-member methods, so any class
 using Image::ExifTool as a base class must define an AUTOLOAD which calls
 Image::ExifTool::DoAutoLoad().  ie)
+Image::ExifTool::DoAutoLoad().  eg)
     sub AUTOLOAD
 …
 =item ExifTool ref
 L</ImageInfo> may be called with an ExifTool object if desired.  The
+advantage of using the object-oriented form is that the options may be set
+before calling L</ImageInfo>, and the object may be used afterward to access
 member functions.  Must be the first argument if used.
+L</ImageInfo> may be called with an ExifTool object if desired.  Advantages
+of using the object-oriented form are that options may be set before calling
+L</ImageInfo>, and the object may be used afterward to access member
+functions.  Must be the first argument if used.
 =item SCALAR
 …
 Tag names are case-insensitive and may be prefixed by optional group names
 separated by colons.  A group name may begin with a family number (ie.
+separated by colons.  A group name may begin with a family number (eg.
 '1IPTC:Keywords'), to restrict matches to a specific family.  In the tag
 name, a '?' matches any single character and a '*' matches zero or more
 …
 Wildcards may not be used in group names, with the exception that a group
 name of '*' may be used to extract all available instances of a tag
 regardless of the L</Duplicates> setting (ie. '*:WhiteBalance').  Multiple
 groups may be specified (ie. 'EXIF:Time:*' extracts all EXIF Time tags). And
 finally, a leading '-' indicates a tag to be excluded (ie. '-IFD1:*'), or a
+regardless of the L</Duplicates> setting (eg. '*:WhiteBalance').  Multiple
+groups may be specified (eg. 'EXIF:Time:*' extracts all EXIF Time tags). And
+finally, a leading '-' indicates a tag to be excluded (eg. '-IFD1:*'), or a
 trailing '#' causes the ValueConv value to be returned for this tag.
 …
 are removed, the case may be changed, and an instance number may be added.
 For this reason it is best to use either the keys of the returned hash or
 the elements of the tag array when accessing the tag values.
+the elements of the returned tag list when accessing the tag values.
 See L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames|Image::ExifTool::TagNames> for a complete
 …
 A reference to an open image file.  If you use this method (or a SCALAR
 reference) to access information in an image, the FileName and Directory
+tags will not be returned.  (Also, the FileSize, FileModifyDate and
+FilePermissions tags will not be returned unless it is a plain file.)  Image
+processing begins at the current file position, and on return the file
+position is unspecified.  May be either a standard filehandle, or a
+reference to a L<File::RandomAccess|File::RandomAccess> object.  Note that
+the file remains open and must be closed by the caller after L</ImageInfo>
+returns.
+[Advanced:  To allow a non-rewindable stream (ie. a network socket) to be
+tags will not be returned.  (Also, a number of the File System tags will not
+be returned unless it is a plain file.)  Image processing begins at the
+current file position, and on return the file position is unspecified.  May
+be either a standard filehandle, or a reference to a
+L<File::RandomAccess|File::RandomAccess> object.  Note that the file remains
+open and must be closed by the caller after L</ImageInfo> returns.
+[Advanced:  To allow a non-rewindable stream (eg. a network socket) to be
 re-read after processing with ExifTool, first wrap the file reference in a
 L<File::RandomAccess|File::RandomAccess> object, then pass this object to
 …
 (With L</Duplicates> enabled, there may be more entries in the returned list
 of tag keys, and with other L</Sort> settings the entries may not be in the
+same order as requested.)
+same order as requested.)  If a requested tag doesn't exist, a tag key is
+still generated, but the tag value is undefined.
 =item HASH ref
+Reference to a hash containing the options settings.  See L</Options>
+documentation below for a list of available options.  Options specified
+as arguments to L</ImageInfo> take precedence over L</Options> settings.
+Reference to a hash containing the options settings valid for this call
+only.  See L</Options> documentation below for a list of available options.
+Options specified as arguments to L</ImageInfo> take precedence over
+L</Options> settings.
 =back
 …
 =item Return Values:
 L</ImageInfo> returns a reference to a hash of tag key/value pairs.  The tag
 keys are identifiers, which are similar to the tag names but may have an
 embedded instance number if multiple tags with the same name were extracted
+L</ImageInfo> returns a reference to a hash of tag-key/value pairs.  The tag
+keys are identifiers -- essentially case-sensitive tag names with an
+appended instance number if multiple tags with the same name were extracted
 from the image.  Many of the ExifTool functions require a tag key as an
 argument. Use L</GetTagName [static]> to get the tag name for a given tag
+argument.  Use L</GetTagName [static]> to get the tag name for a given tag
 key.  Note that the case of the tag names may not be the same as requested.
 Here is a simple example to print out the information returned by
 …
 to indicate a list.  Also, a hash reference may be returned if the L</Struct>
 option is used.  Lists of values are joined by commas into a single
 string only if the PrintConv option is enabled and the List option is
 disabled (which are the defaults).  Note that binary values are not
 necessarily extracted unless specifically requested or the Binary option is
+set.  If not extracted the value is a reference to a string of the form
 "Binary data ##### bytes".
+string only if the PrintConv option is enabled and the ListJoin option is
+enabled (which are the defaults).  Note that binary values are not
+necessarily extracted unless specifically requested, or the Binary option is
+enabled and the tag is not specifically excluded.  If not extracted the
+value is a reference to a string of the form "Binary data ##### bytes".
 The code below gives an example of how to handle these return values, as
 …
 ExifTool returns all values as byte strings of encoded characters.  Perl
 wide characters are not used.  See L</CHARACTER ENCODINGS> for details about
+the encodings.
+As well as tags representing information extracted from the image,
+the following tags generated by ExifTool may be returned:
+the encodings.  By default, most returned values are encoded in UTF-8.  For
+these, Encode::decode_utf8() may be used to convert to a sequence of logical
+Perl characters.
+As well as tags representing information extracted from the image, the
+following L<Extra tags|Image::ExifTool::TagNames/Extra Tags> generated by
+ExifTool may be returned:
     ExifToolVersion - The ExifTool version number.
 …
 options for an ExifTool object.  Options set this way are in effect for
 all function calls but may be overridden by options passed as arguments
 to some functions.
 The initial default options are obtained from values in the
 %Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::Options hash if it exists.  See the
 .ExifTool_config file in the full ExifTool distribution for details.
+to some functions.  Option names are not case sensitive.
+The default option values may be changed by defining a
+%Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::Options hash.  See the ExifTool_config file
+in the full ExifTool distribution for examples.
     # exclude the 'OwnerName' tag from returned information
 …
     $isVerbose = $exifTool->Options('Verbose');
+=over 4
+=item Inputs:
+) ExifTool object reference.
+) Option parameter name.
+) [optional] Option parameter value (may be undef to clear option).
+-N) [optional] Additional parameter/value pairs.
+    # set a user parameter
+    $exifTool->Options(UserParam => 'MyParam=some value');
+=over 4
+=item Inputs:
+) ExifTool object reference
+) Option parameter name (case-insensitive)
+) [optional] Option parameter value (may be undef to clear option)
+-N) [optional] Additional parameter/value pairs
 =item Option Parameters:
+Note that these API options may also be used in the exiftool application via
+the command-line B<-api> option.
 =over 4
 …
 Flag to extract the value data for all binary tags.  Tag values representing
 large binary data blocks (ie. ThumbnailImage) are not necessarily extracted
+large binary data blocks (eg. ThumbnailImage) are not necessarily extracted
 unless this option is set or the tag is specifically requested by name.
 Default is 0.
+Default is undef.
 =item ByteOrder
 …
 then the maker note byte order is used (if they are being copied), otherwise
 big-endian ('MM') order is assumed.  This can also be set via the
+ExifByteOrder tag, but the ByteOrder option takes precedence if both are
 set.
+L<ExifByteOrder tag|Image::ExifTool::TagNames/Extra Tags>, but the ByteOrder
+option takes precedence if both are set.
 =item Charset
 Character set for encoding character strings passed to/from ExifTool with
 code points above U+007F.  Default is UTF8.  Valid values are listed below,
 case is not significant:
+Character set for encoding character tag values passed to/from ExifTool with
+code points above U+007F.  Default is 'UTF8'.  Valid values are listed
+below, case is not significant:
   Value        Alias(es)        Description
 …
   Vietnam      cp1258           Windows Vietnamese
   Thai         cp874            Windows Thai
+  DOSLatinUS   cp437            DOS Latin US
+  DOSLatin1    cp850            DOS Latin1
+  DOSCyrillic  cp866            DOS Cyrillic
   MacRoman     cp10000, Roman   Macintosh Roman
   MacLatin2    cp10029          Macintosh Latin2 (Central Europe)
 …
 Note that this option affects some types of information when reading/writing
 the file and other types when getting/setting tag values, so it must be
+defined for both types of access.
+defined for both types of access.  See the L</CHARACTER ENCODINGS> section
+for more information about the handling of special characters.
+=item CharsetEXIF
+Internal encoding to use for stored EXIF "ASCII" string values.  May also be
+set to undef to pass through EXIF "ASCII" values without recoding.  Set to
+"UTF8" to conform with the MWG recommendation.  Default is undef.
+=item CharsetFileName
+External character set used for file names passed to ExifTool functions.
+When set in Windows, this triggers use of Windows wide-character i/o library
+routines (requires Win32API::File).  Default is undef.  May also be set to
+an empty string to avoid "encoding not specified" warnings on Windows.
 =item CharsetID3
 Character encoding to assume for ID3v1 strings.  By the specification ID3v1
+Internal encoding to assume for ID3v1 strings.  By the specification ID3v1
 strings should be encoded in ISO 8859-1 (essentially Latin), but some
 applications may use local encoding instead.  Default is Latin.
+applications may use local encoding instead.  Default is 'Latin'.
 =item CharsetIPTC
 Fallback IPTC character set to assume if IPTC information contains no
 CodedCharacterSet tag.  Possible values are the same as the L</Charset>
 option.  Default is Latin.
+Fallback internal IPTC character set to assume if IPTC information contains
+no CodedCharacterSet tag.  Possible values are the same as the L</Charset>
+option.  Default is 'Latin'.
 Note that this option affects some types of information when reading/writing
 …
 =item CharsetPhotoshop
+Character encoding to assume for Photoshop IRB resource names.  Default is
+Latin.
+Internal encoding to assume for Photoshop IRB resource names.  Default is
+'Latin'.
+=item CharsetQuickTime
+Internal encoding to assume for QuickTime strings stored with an unspecified
+encoding.  Default is 'MacRoman'.
+=item CharsetRIFF
+Internal encoding to assume for strings in RIFF metadata (eg. AVI and WAV
+files).  The default value of 0 assumes "Latin" encoding unless otherwise
+specified by the RIFF CSET chunk.  Set to undef to pass through strings
+without recoding.  Default is 0.
 =item Compact
+Flag to write compact output.  Default is 0.  The XMP specification suggests
+that the data be padded with blanks to allow in-place editing.  With this
+flag set the 2kB of padding is not written.  Note that this only effects
+embedded XMP since padding is never written for stand-alone XMP files.
+Comma-delimited list of settings for writing compact XMP.  Below is a list
+of available settings.  Note that 'NoPadding' effects only embedded XMP
+since padding is never written for stand-alone XMP files.  Also note that
+'OneDesc' is not recommended when writing XMP larger than 64 kB to a JPG
+file because it interferes with ExifTool's technique of splitting off large
+rdf:Description elements into the extended XMP.  Case is not significant for
+any of these options.  Aliases are given in brackets. Default is undef.
+  NoPadding - Avoid 2 kB of recommended padding at end of XMP (NoPad)
+  NoIndent  - No spaces to indent lines (NoSpace, NoSpaces)
+  NoNewline - Avoid unnecessary newlines (NoNewlines)
+  Shorthand - Use XMP Shorthand format
+  OneDesc   - Combine properties into a single rdf:Description (OneDescr)
+  AllSpace  - Equivalent to 'NoPadding,NoIndent,NoNewline'
+  AllFormat - Equivalent to 'Shorthand,OneDesc'
+  All       - Equivalent to 'AllSpace,AllFormat'
 =item Composite
 Flag to calculate Composite tags automatically.  Default is 1.
+Flag to generate Composite tags when extracting information.  Default is 1.
 =item Compress
 Flag to write new values in compressed format if possible.  Has no effect
 unless Compress::Zlib is installed.  Default is 0.
+unless Compress::Zlib is installed.  Default is undef.
 =item CoordFormat
 …
 Format for printing GPS coordinates.  This is a printf format string with
 specifiers for degrees, minutes and seconds in that order, however minutes
+and seconds may be omitted.  For example, the following table gives the
+output for the same coordinate using various formats:
+and seconds may be omitted.  If the hemisphere is known, a reference
+direction (N, S, E or W) is appended to each printed coordinate, but adding
+a C<+> to the first format specifier (eg. C<%+.6f>) prints a signed
+coordinate instead.  For example, the following table gives the output for
+the same coordinate using various formats:
       CoordFormat        Example Output
 …
 Format for printing date/time values.  See C<strftime> in the L<POSIX>
+package for details about the format string.  The default is similar to a
+format of "%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S".  If date can not be converted, value is left
+unchanged unless the StrictDate option is set.  Timezones are ignored.
+package for details about the format string.  If date can not be converted,
+value is left unchanged unless the StrictDate option is set.  Timezones are
+ignored.  The inverse conversion (ie. when calling L</SetNewValue>) is
+performed only if POSIX::strptime or Time::Piece is installed.  The default
+setting of undef causes date/time values to remain in standard EXIF format
+(similar to a DateFormat of "%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S").
 =item Duplicates
 …
 is either a tag name or reference to a list of tag names to exclude.  The
 case of tag names is not significant.  This option is ignored for
 specifically requested tags.  Tags may also be excluded by preceeding their
+specifically requested tags.  Tags may also be excluded by preceding their
 name with a '-' in the arguments to L</ImageInfo>.
+=item ExtendedXMP
+This setting affects the reading and editing of extended XMP in JPEG images.
+According to the XMP specification, extended XMP is only valid if it has the
+GUID specified by the HasExtendedXMP tag, so by default ExifTool will ignore
+other extended XMP, but this option allows full control over the extended
+XMP to be extracted.
+   - Ignore all extended XMP
+   - Read extended XMP with valid GUID only (default)
+   - Read extended XMP with any GUID
+  <guid> - Read extended XMP with a specific GUID
 =item ExtractEmbedded
+Flag to extract information from embedded documents in EPS and PDF files,
+embedded MPF images in JPEG and MPO files, streaming metadata in AVCHD
+videos, and the resource fork of Mac OS files.  Default is 0.
+Flag to extract information from embedded documents in EPS files, embedded
+EPS information and JPEG and Jpeg2000 images in PDF files, embedded MPF
+images in JPEG and MPO files, timed metadata in videos, and the resource
+fork of Mac OS files.  A setting of 2 also causes the H264 video stream in
+MP4 files to be parsed until the first SEI message is decoded, or 3 to
+parse the entire stream.  Default is undef.
 =item FastScan
+Flag to increase speed of extracting information from JPEG images.  With
+this option set to 1, ExifTool will not scan to the end of a JPEG image to
+check for an AFCP, CanonVRD, FotoStation, PhotoMechanic, MIE or PreviewImage
+trailer.  This also stops the parsing after the first comment in GIF images,
+and at the audio/video data with RIFF-format files (AVI, WAV, etc), so any
+trailing metadata (ie. XMP written by some utilities) may be missed.  When
+Flag to increase speed when reading files by avoiding extraction of some
+types of metadata.  With this option set to 1, ExifTool will not scan to the
+end of a JPEG image to check for an AFCP, CanonVRD, FotoStation,
+PhotoMechanic, MIE or PreviewImage trailer.  This also stops the parsing
+after the first comment in GIF images, and at the audio/video data of
+RIFF-format files (AVI, WAV, etc), so any trailing metadata (eg. XMP written
+by some utilities) may be missed.  Also disables input buffering for some
+types of files to reduce memory usage when reading from a non-seekable
+stream, and bypasses CRC validation for speed when writing PNG files.  When
 combined with the ScanForXMP option, prevents scanning for XMP in recognized
 file types.  With a value of 2, ExifTool will also avoid extracting any EXIF
+MakerNote information.  Default is 0.
+MakerNote information, and will stop parsing at the IDAT chunk of PNG
+images.  (By the PNG specification, metadata is allowed after IDAT, but
+ExifTool always writes it before because some utilities will ignore it
+otherwise.)  When set to 3 or higher, only pseudo system tags and FileType
+are generated.  For 3, the file header is read to provide an educated guess
+at FileType.  For 4, the file is not read at all and FileType is determined
+based on the file's extension.  For 5, generation of Composite tags is also
+disabled (like setting L</Composite> to 0).  Default is undef.
+=item Filter
+Perl expression used to filter values for all tags.  The expression acts on
+the value of the Perl default variable ($_), and changes the value of this
+variable as required.  The current ExifTool object may be accessed through
+$self.  The value is not changed if $_ is set to undef.  List items are
+filtered individually.  Applies to all returned values unless PrintConv
+option is disabled.
+=item FilterW
+Perl expression used to filter PrintConv values when writing.  The
+expression acts on the value of the Perl default variable ($_), and changes
+the value of this variable as required.  The current ExifTool object may be
+accessed through $self.  The tag is not written if $_ is set to undef.
 =item FixBase
 …
 =item GeoMaxIntSecs
+Maximum interpolation time in seconds for geotagging.  Geotagging fails if
+the Geotime value lies between two fixes in the same track which are
+separated by a number of seconds greater than this.  Default is 1800.
+Maximum interpolation time in seconds for geotagging.  Geotagging is treated
+as an extrapolation if the Geotime value lies between two fixes in the same
+track which are separated by a number of seconds greater than this.
+Otherwise, the coordinates are calculated as a linear interpolation between
+the nearest fixes on either side of the Geotime value.  Set to 0 to disable
+interpolation and use the coordinates of the nearest fix instead (provided
+it is within GeoMaxExtSecs, otherwise geotagging fails).  Default is 1800.
 =item GeoMaxExtSecs
 …
 Maximum extrapolation time in seconds for geotagging.  Geotagging fails if
 the Geotime value lies outside a GPS track by a number of seconds greater
+than this.  Default is 1800.
+than this.  Otherwise, for an extrapolation the coordinates of the nearest
+fix are taken (ie. it is assumed that you weren't moving during this
+period).  Default is 1800.
 =item GeoMaxHDOP
 …
 Minimum number of satellites for geotagging.  GPS fixes are ignored if the
 number of acquired satellites is less than this.  Default is undef.
+=item GeoSpeedRef
+Reference units for writing GPSSpeed when geotagging:
+    'K', 'k' or 'km/h'  - km/h
+    'M', 'm' or 'mph'   - mph
+    <anything else>     - knots (default undef)
+=item GlobalTimeShift
+Time shift to apply to all extracted date/time PrintConv values.  Does not
+affect ValueConv values.  Value is a date/time shift string (see
+L<Image::ExifTool::Shift(3pm)|Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl>), with a leading
+'-' for negative shifts.  Default is undef.
 =item Group#
 …
 group names.
+=item HexTagIDs
+Return hexadecimal instead of decimal for the family 7 group names of tags
+with numerical ID's.
 =item HtmlDump
 …
 =item HtmlDumpBase
+Specifies base for HTML dump offsets.  If not defined, the EXIF/TIFF base
 offset is used.  Set to 0 for absolute offsets.  Default is undef.
+Base for HTML dump offsets.  If not defined, the EXIF/TIFF base offset is
+used.  Set to 0 for absolute offsets.  Default is undef.
 =item IgnoreMinorErrors
 …
 minor warnings the behaviour of ExifTool may be changed to allow some
 questionable operations to proceed (such as extracting thumbnail and preview
+images even if they don't have a recognizable header).  Minor
+errors/warnings are denoted by '[minor]' at the start of the message.
+images even if they don't have a recognizable header).  Minor errors and
+warnings are denoted by "[minor]" at the start of the message, or "[Minor]"
+(with a capital "M") for warnings that affect processing when ignored.
 =item Lang
 Localized language for exiftool tag descriptions, etc.  Available languages
 are given by the Image::ExifTool::Lang module names (ie. 'fr').  If the
+specified language isn't available, the option is not changed.  May be set
 to undef to select the built-in default language.  Default is 'en'.
+are given by the Image::ExifTool::Lang module names (eg. 'fr', 'zh_cn').  If
+the specified language isn't available, the option is not changed.  May be
+set to undef to select the built-in default language.  Default is 'en'.
 =item LargeFileSupport
 Flag to indicate that 64-bit file offsets are supported on this system.
+Default is 0.
+=item List
+Flag to extract lists of PrintConv values into arrays instead of joining
+them into a string of values.  The L</ListSep> option specifies the
+separator used when combining values.  Default is 0.
+=item ListSep
+Separator string used to join lists of PrintConv values when L</List> option
+is not set.  Default is ', '.
+Default is undef.
+=item ListItem
+Return only a specific item from list-type values.  A value of 0 returns the
+first item in the list, 1 return the second item, etc.  Negative indices may
+also be used, with -1 representing the last item in the list.  Applies only
+to the top-level list of nested lists.  Default is undef to return all items
+in the list.
+=item ListJoin
+Separator used to join the PrintConv value of multi-item List-type tags into
+a single string.  If not defined, multi-item lists are returned as a list
+reference.  Does not affect ValueConv values.  Default is ', '.
 =item ListSplit
 Regular expression used to split values of list-type tags into individual
 items when writing.  (ie. use ',\\s*' to split a comma-separated list.)
 Default is undef.
+items when writing.  (eg. use ',\\s*' to split a comma-separated list.)
+Split when writing either PrintConv or ValueConv values.  Default is undef.
 =item MakerNotes
 …
 are:
 - Do not extract writable subdirectories (default)
+- Do not extract writable subdirectories (same as default of undef)
 - Extract and rebuild maker notes into self-contained block
 - Extract without rebuilding maker notes
+=item MDItemTags
+Flag to extract the OS X metadata item tags (see the "mdls" man page and
+L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/MacOS MDItem Tags> for more information).
 =item MissingTagValue
+Value for missing tags in expressions evaluated by L</SetNewValuesFromFile>.
+If not set, a minor error is issued for missing values, or the value is set
+to '' if L</IgnoreMinorErrors> is set.  Default is undef.
+Value for missing tags in tag name expressions (or tags where the advanced
+formatting expression returns undef).  If not set, a minor error is issued
+for missing values, or the value is set to '' if L</IgnoreMinorErrors> is
+set.  Default is undef.
+=item NoMultiExif
+Raise error when attempting to write multi-segment EXIF in a JPEG image.
+Default is undef.
+=item NoPDFList
+Flag to avoid splitting PDF list-type tag values into separate items.
+Default is undef.
 =item Password
 Password for processing password-protected PDF documents.  Ignored if a
+Password for reading/writing password-protected PDF documents.  Ignored if a
 password is not required.  Character encoding of the password is determined
 by the value of the Charset option at processing time.  Default is undef.
 …
 print conversion for writing.  Default is 1.
+=item QuickTimeHandler
+Flag set to add an 'mdir' Handler to a newly created Meta box when adding
+QuickTime ItemList tags.  Adobe Bridge does not add this Handler, but it is
+commonly found in samples from other software, and it has been reported that
+Apple QuickTime Player and Photos.apps will ignore ItemList tags if this is
+missing.  Default is 1.
+=item QuickTimeUTC
+Flag set to assume that QuickTime date/time values are stored as UTC,
+causing conversion to local time when they are extracted and from local time
+when written.  According to the QuickTime specification date/time values
+should be UTC, but many digital cameras store local time instead (presumably
+because they don't know the time zone), so the default is to not convert
+these times (except for Canon CR3 files, which always use UTC times).  This
+option also disables the autodetection of incorrect time-zero offsets in
+QuickTime date/time values, and enforces a time zero of 1904 as per the
+QuickTime specification.
+=item RequestAll
+Flag to request all tags to be extracted.  This causes some tags to be
+generated which normally would not be unless specifically requested (by
+passing the tag name to L</ImageInfo> or L</ExtractInfo>).  May be set to 2
+or 3 to enable generation of some additional tags as mentioned in the tag
+name documentation.  Default is undef.
+=item RequestTags
+List of additional tag and/or group names to request in the next call to
+L</ExtractInfo>.  This option is useful only for tags/groups which aren't
+extracted unless specifically requested.  Value may be a list reference, a
+delimited string of names (any delimiter is allowed), or undef to clear the
+current RequestTags list.  Groups are requested by adding a colon after the
+name (eg. "MacOS:").  Names are converted to lower case as they are added to
+the list.  Default is undef.
+=item SaveFormat
+Flag to save EXIF/TIFF format type as the family 6 group name when
+extracting information.  Without this option set, the family 6 group names
+are not generated.  Default is undef.  See the L</GetGroup> option for more
+details.
+=item SavePath
+Flag to save the metadata path as the family 5 group name when extracting
+information.  Without this option set, the family 5 group names are not
+generated.  Default is undef.  See the L</GetGroup> option for more details.
 =item ScanForXMP
 Flag for scan all files (even unrecognized formats) for XMP information
+Flag to scan all files (even unrecognized formats) for XMP information
 unless XMP was already found in the file.  When combined with the FastScan
 option, only unrecognized file types are scanned for XMP.  Default is 0.
+option, only unrecognized file types are scanned for XMP.  Default is undef.
 =item Sort
 …
   Input  - Sort in same order as input tag arguments (default)
-  Alpha  - Sort alphabetically
   File   - Sort in order that tags were found in the file
+  Tag    - Sort alphabetically by tag name
+  Descr  - Sort by tag description (for current Lang setting)
   Group# - Sort by tag group, where # is zero or more family
            numbers separated by colons. If # is not specified,
 …
            of group families.
+=item Sort2
+Secondary sort order used for tags within each group when Sort is 'Group':
+  File   - Sort in order tags were found in the file (default)
+  Tag    - Sort alphabetically by tag name
+  Descr  - Sort by tag description (for current Lang setting)
 =item StrictDate
 …
 the DateFormat option is used.  Default is undef.
+  undef - Same as 0 for reading/writing, or 1 for copying
+   - Return date/time value unchanged if it can't be converted
+   - Return undef if date/time value can't be converted
+When set to 1 while writing a PrintConv date/time value with the DateFormat
+option set, the value is written only if POSIX::strptime or Time::Piece is
+available and can successfully convert the value.
+For PNG CreationTime, a setting of 1 has the additional effect of causing
+the date/time to be reformatted according to PNG 1.2 recommendation
+(RFC-1123) when writing, and a warning to be issued for any non-standard
+value when reading (but note that Windows may not recognize PNG date/time
+values in standard format).
 =item Struct
 Flag to return XMP structures as hash references instead of flattening into
+individual tags.  If not defined (the default), tags are flattened when
+reading (with L<ExtractInfo>), and structured when copying (with
+L</SetNewValuesFromFile>).  Has no effect when writing since both flattened
+and structured tags may always be written.  Possible values are:
+  undef - Read flattened tags, copy structured tags (default)
+   - Read and copy flattened tags
+   - Read and copy structured tags
+individual tags.  Has no effect when writing since both flattened and
+structured tags may always be written.  Possible values are:
+  undef - (default) Same as 0 for reading, 2 for copying
+   - Read/copy flattened tags
+   - Read/copy structured tags
+   - Read/copy both flattened and structured tags, but flag
+          flattened tags as 'unsafe' for copying
+=item SystemTags
+Flag to extract the following additional File System tags:  FileAttributes,
+FileDeviceNumber, FileInodeNumber, FileHardLinks, FileUserID, FileGroupID,
+FileDeviceID, FileBlockSize and FileBlockCount.
 =item TextOut
 …
 Output file reference for Verbose and HtmlDump options.  Default is
 \*STDOUT.
+=item TimeZone
+Time zone for local date/time values.  May be set to any valid TZ string.
+Uses the system time zone if not specified.  Default is undef.  (Requires
+POSIX::tzset, which may not be available in Windows.  A work-around in
+Windows is to C<set TZ=E<lt>zoneE<gt>> before running ExifTool.)
 =item Unknown
 …
 extracted from EXIF (or other tagged-format) directories.  If set to 2,
 unknown tags are also extracted from binary data blocks.  Default is 0.
+=item UserParam
+Special option to set/get user-defined parameters.  Useful to allow external
+input into tag name expressions and ValueConv logic.  Valid UserParam values
+are:
+  PARAM         - Get parameter
+  PARAM=        - Clear parameter
+  PARAM^=       - Set parameter to empty string
+  PARAM=VALUE   - Set parameter
+  <hash ref>    - Set entire UserParam hash lookup
+  undef         - Clear all user parameters
+Where I<PARAM> is the user-defined parameter name (case insensitive).
+User-defined parameters may be accessed in tag name expressions by prefixing
+the parameter name with a dollar sign just like normal tags, or via the API
+by calling C<Options('UserParam','PARAM')>.  Appending a hash tag (C<#>) to
+the parameter name also causes the parameter to be extracted as a normal tag
+(in the UserParam group).  If called without additional arguments,
+C<Options('UserParam')> returns a reference to the hash of all user
+parameters (with lower-case names).
+=item Validate
+Flag to perform extra validation metadata checks when reading, causing extra
+warnings to be generated if problems are found.  Default is undef.
 =item Verbose
 …
 on tag values and JPEG segment data respectively.
+=item WriteMode
+Set tag write/create mode.  Value is a string of one or more characters from
+list below.  Default is 'wcg'.
+    w - Write existing tags
+    c - Create new tags
+    g - create new Groups as necessary
+The level of the group differs for different types of metadata. For XMP or
+IPTC this is the full XMP/IPTC block (the family 0 group), but for EXIF this
+is the individual IFD (the family 1 group).  The 'w' and 'c' modes are
+tested only when L</SetNewValue> is called, but the 'g' mode is also tested
+in L</WriteInfo>.
+=item XAttrTags
+Flag to extract the OS X extended attribute tags (see the "xattr" man page
+and L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/MacOS XAttr Tags> for more information).
+=item XMPAutoConv
+Flag to enable automatic conversion for unknown XMP tags with values that
+look like rational numbers or dates.  Default is 1.
 =back
 …
 L</ExtractInfo>:
+Binary, Charset, CharsetID3, CharsetIPTC, Composite, ExtractEmbedded,
+FastScan, FixBase, HtmlDump, HtmlDumpBase, IgnoreMinorErrors, Lang,
+LargeFileSupport, MakerNotes, ScanForXMP, Struct, TextOut, Unknown and
+Verbose.
+Binary, Charset, CharsetEXIF, CharsetFileName, CharsetID3, CharsetIPTC,
+CharsetPhotoshop, CharsetQuickTime, CharsetRIFF, Composite, ExtendedXMP,
+ExtractEmbedded, FastScan, FixBase, HtmlDump, HtmlDumpBase,
+IgnoreMinorErrors, Lang, LargeFileSupport, MakerNotes, MDItemTags,
+NoPDFList, Password, QuickTimeUTC (enforced 1904 time zero), RequestAll,
+RequestTags, SaveFormat, SavePath, ScanForXMP, Struct, TextOut, Unknown,
+Verbose, XAttrTags and XMPAutoConv.
 =item Return Value:
 …
 L</ImageInfo>.
     # get image width and hieght only
+    # get image width and height only
     $info = $exifTool->GetInfo('ImageWidth', 'ImageHeight');
+    # get all Error and Warning messages
+    $info = $exifTool->GetInfo('Error', 'Warning');
     # get information for all tags in list (list updated with tags found)
 …
 image can not be specified.  Options in effect are:
+Charset, CoordFormat, DateFormat, Duplicates, Escape, Exclude, Group#, Lang,
+List, ListSep, PrintConv, Sort (if a tag list reference is given) and
+Charset, CoordFormat, DateFormat, Duplicates, Escape, Exclude, Filter,
+Group#, GlobalTimeShift, Lang, ListItem, ListJoin, PrintConv, Sort (if a tag
+list reference is given) and StrictDate.
+=item Return Value:
+Reference to information hash, the same as with L</ImageInfo>.
+=back
+The following options are effective in the call to L</GetInfo>:
+Charset, CoordFormat, DateFormat, Duplicates, Escape, Exclude, Filter,
+Group#, GlobalTimeShift, Lang, ListItem, ListJoin, PrintConv, QuickTimeUTC
+(conversion to local time), Sort (if a tag list reference is given) and
 StrictDate.
-=item Return Value:
-Reference to information hash, the same as with L</ImageInfo>.
-=back
 =head2 WriteInfo
 …
 additional files without the need to call L</SetNewValue> again.
+ExifTool queues all new values that are assigned via calls to
+L</SetNewValue>, then applies them to any number of files through one or
+more calls to L</WriteInfo>. These queued values may be accessed through
+L</GetNewValue>, and are completely separate from metadata extracted from
+files via L</ExtractInfo> or L</ImageInfo> and accessed through L</GetInfo>
+or L</GetValue>.
+To be clear, it is NOT necessary to call L</ExtractInfo> or L</ImageInfo>
+before L</WriteInfo>.  L</WriteInfo> changes only metadata specified by
+previous calls to L</SetNewValue>.
     # add information to a source file, writing output to new file
     $exifTool->WriteInfo($srcfile, $dstfile);
 …
 ) Source file name, file reference, scalar reference, or undef to create a
+file from scratch
+file from scratch.  A reference to a
+L<File::RandomAccess|File::RandomAccess> object is also allowed as a source,
+but in this case the destination is not optional.
 ) [optional] Destination file name, file reference, scalar reference, or
 undef to overwrite the original file
 ) [optional] Destination file type
+undef to overwrite the original file.  May be '-' to write to stdout.
+) [optional] Destination file type.  Ignored if a source is defined.
 =item Return Value:
 …
 The source file name may be undefined to create a file from scratch
 (currently only XMP, MIE, ICC, VRD and EXIF files can be created in this way
 -- see L</CanCreate> for details).  If undefined, the destination file type
 is required unless the type can be determined from the destination file
 name.
+(currently only XMP, MIE, ICC, VRD, DR4, EXV and EXIF files can be created
+in this way -- see L</CanCreate> for details).  If undefined, the
+destination file type is required unless the type can be determined from the
+extension of the destination file name.
 If a destination file name is given, the specified file must not exist
+because an existing destination file will not be overwritten.  The
+destination file name may be undefined to overwrite the original file (make
+sure you have backups!).  In this case, if a source file name is provided, a
+temporary file is created and renamed to replace the source file if no
+errors occurred while writing.  Otherwise, if a source file reference or
+scalar reference is used, the image is first written to memory then copied
+back to replace the original if there were no errors.
+The destination file type is only used if the source file is undefined.
+because an existing destination file will not be overwritten.  Any new
+values for FileName, Directory or HardLink are ignored when a destination
+file name is specified.
+The destination file name may be undefined to overwrite the original file
+(make sure you have backups!).  In this case, if a source file name is
+provided, a temporary file is created and renamed to replace the source file
+if no errors occurred while writing.  Otherwise, if a source file reference
+or scalar reference is used, the image is first written to memory then
+copied back to replace the original if there were no errors.
 On Mac OS systems, the file resource fork is preserved if this routine is
 …
 The following ExifTool options are effective in the call to L</WriteInfo>:
+ByteOrder, Charset, CharsetID3, CharsetIPTC, Compact, Compress, FixBase,
+IgnoreMinorErrors and Verbose.
+=head2 CombineInfo
+Combine information from more than one information hash into a single hash.
+    $info = $exifTool->CombineInfo($info1, $info2, $info3);
+ByteOrder, Charset, CharsetEXIF, CharsetFileName, CharsetIPTC, Compact,
+Compress, FixBase, IgnoreMinorErrors, Password, QuickTimeHandler, Verbose
+and WriteMode.
+=head2 GetTagList
+Get a sorted list of tags from the specified information hash or tag list.
+    @tags = $exifTool->GetTagList($info, 'Group0');
 =over 4
 …
 ) ExifTool object reference
+-N) Information hash references
+=back
+If the Duplicates option is disabled and duplicate tags exist, the order of
+the hashes is significant.  In this case, the value used is the first value
+found as the hashes are scanned in order of input.  The Duplicates option
+is the only option that is in effect for this function.
+=head2 GetTagList
+Get a sorted list of tags from the specified information hash or tag list.
+    @tags = $exifTool->GetTagList($info, 'Group0');
+=over 4
+=item Inputs:
+) ExifTool object reference,
+) [optional] Information hash reference or tag list reference,
+) [optional] Sort order ('File', 'Input', 'Alpha' or 'Group#').
+) [optional] Information hash reference or tag list reference
+) [optional] Sort order ('Input', 'File', 'Tag', 'Descr' or 'Group#')
+) [optional] Secondary sort order ('File', 'Tag' or 'Descr')
 If the information hash or tag list reference is not provided, then the list
 …
 ) ExifTool object reference
+) [optional] Sort order ('File', 'Input', 'Alpha' or 'Group#')
+) [optional] Sort order ('Input', 'File', 'Tag', 'Descr' or 'Group#')
+) [optional] Secondary sort order ('File', 'Tag' or 'Descr')
 If sort order is not specified, the sort order from the ExifTool options is
 …
 Get the value of a specified tag.  The returned value is either the
 human-readable (PrintConv) value, the converted machine-readable (ValueConv)
+value, or the original raw (Raw) value.  If the value type is not specified,
+the PrintConv value is returned if the PrintConv option is set, otherwise
+the ValueConv value is returned.  The PrintConv values are same as the
+values returned by L</ImageInfo> and L</GetInfo> in the tag/value hash
+unless the PrintConv option is disabled.
+value, the original raw (Raw) value, or the original rational (Rational)
+value for rational formats.  If the value type is not specified, the
+PrintConv value is returned if the PrintConv option is set, otherwise the
+ValueConv value is returned.  The PrintConv values are same as the values
+returned by L</ImageInfo> and L</GetInfo> in the tag/value hash unless the
+PrintConv option is disabled.
 Tags which represent lists of multiple values (as may happen with 'Keywords'
 for example) are handled specially.  In scalar context, the returned
 PrintConv value for these tags is either a string of values or a list
 reference (depending on the List option setting), and the ValueConv value is
 always a list reference.  But in list context, L</GetValue> always returns
 the list itself.
+reference (depending on the ListJoin option setting), and the ValueConv
+value is always a list reference.  But in list context, L</GetValue> always
+returns the list itself.
 Note that L</GetValue> requires a case-sensitive tag key as an argument.  To
 …
     my @keywords = $exifTool->GetValue('Keywords', 'ValueConv');
+The following options are in effect when <L/GetValue> is called:
+Charset, CoordFormat, DateFormat, Escape, Lang, List, ListSep, PrintConv and
+StrictDate.
+The following options are in effect when L</GetValue> is called:
+Charset, CoordFormat, DateFormat, Escape, Filter, GlobalTimeShift, Lang,
+ListItem, ListJoin, PrintConv, QuickTimeUTC (conversion to local time),
+StrictDate and TimeZone.
 =over 4
 …
 ) ExifTool object reference
+) Tag key
+) [optional] Value type, 'PrintConv', 'ValueConv', 'Both' or 'Raw'
+) Tag key, or case-sensitive tag name with optional group prefix(es)
+) [optional] Value type: 'PrintConv', 'ValueConv', 'Both', 'Raw' or
+'Rational'
 The default value type is 'PrintConv' if the PrintConv option is set,
 otherwise the default is 'ValueConv'.  A value type of 'Both' returns both
+ValueConv and PrintConv values as a list.
+ValueConv and PrintConv values as a list.  'Rational' returns the raw
+rational value as a string fraction for rational types, or undef for other
+types.
 =item Return Values:
+The value of the specified tag.  If the tag represents a list of values and
+the List option is disabled then PrintConv returns a string of values,
+otherwise a reference to the list is returned in scalar context.  The list
+itself is returned in list context.  Values may also be scalar references to
+binary data, or hash references if the Struct option is set.
+The value of the specified tag.  If the tag represents a list of multiple
+values and the ListJoin option is enabled then PrintConv returns a string of
+values, otherwise a reference to the list is returned in scalar context. The
+list itself is returned in list context.  (Unless 'Both' values are
+requested, in which case two list references are returned, regardless of
+context.)  Values may also be scalar references to binary data, or hash
+references if the L</Struct> option is set.
 Note: It is possible for L</GetValue> to return an undefined ValueConv or
 PrintConv value (or an empty list in list context) even if the tag exists,
+since it is possible for these conversions to yield undefined values.
+since it is possible for these conversions to yield undefined values.  And
+the Rational value will be undefined for any non-rational tag.  The Raw
+value should always exist if the tag exists.
 =back
 …
     $exifTool->SetNewValue('Keywords', $word, DelValue => 1);
     # set keywords (a List-type tag) with two new values
+    # set keywords (a list-type tag) with two new values
     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Keywords => 'word1');
     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Keywords => 'word2');
 …
     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Keywords => $word, AddValue => 1);
+    # conditionally add a tag if it didn't exist before,
+    # or replace it if it had a specified value ("old value")
+    $exifTool->SetNewValue(Description => '', DelValue => 1);
+    $exifTool->SetNewValue(Description => 'old value', DelValue => 1);
+    $exifTool->SetNewValue(Description => 'new value');
     # set a tag in a specific group
     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Headline => $val, Group => 'XMP');
     $exifTool->SetNewValue('XMP:Headline' => $val);  # (equivalent)
     # shift original date/time back by 1 hour
     $exifTool->SetNewValue(DateTimeOriginal => '1:00', Shift => -1);
+    # shift original date/time back by 2.5 hours
+    $exifTool->SetNewValue(DateTimeOriginal => '2:30', Shift => -1);
     # write a tag only if it had a specific value
 …
     $exifTool->SetNewValue('XMP:Flash'=>'{mode=on,fired=true,return=not}');
 (See L<http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html#Serialize> for
 a description of the structure serialization technique.)
+(See L<https://exiftool.org/struct.html#Serialize> for a description of the
+structure serialization technique.)
 =over 4
 …
 ) ExifTool object reference
+) [optional] Tag key or tag name, or undef to clear all new values.  A tag
+name of '*' can be used when deleting tags to delete all tags, or all tags
+in a specified group.  The tag name may be prefixed by group name, separated
+by a colon (ie. 'EXIF:Artist'), which is equivalent to using a Group option
+argument.  Also, a '#' may be appended to the tag name (ie.
+'EXIF:Orientation#'), with the same effect as setting Type to 'ValueConv'.
+) [optional] Tag key or tag name, or undef to clear all new values.  The
+tag name may be prefixed by one or more family 0, 1 or 2 group names with
+optional leading family numbers, separated by colons (eg. 'EXIF:Artist',
+'XMP:Time:*'), which is equivalent to using a Group option argument.  Also,
+a '#' may be appended to the tag name (eg. 'EXIF:Orientation#'), with the
+same effect as setting Type to 'ValueConv'.  Wildcards ('*' and '?') may be
+used in the tag name to assign multiple tags simultaneously.  A tag name of
+'*' is special when deleting information, and will delete an entire group
+even if some individual tags in the group are not writable, but only if a
+single family 0 or 1 group is specified (otherwise the tags are deleted
+individually).  Use L</GetDeleteGroups> to get a list of deletable group
+names, and see L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames|Image::ExifTool::TagNames> for a
+complete list of tag names.
 ) [optional] New value for tag.  Undefined to delete tag from file.  May be
 …
 reference for a structure.  Integer values may be specified as a hexadecimal
 string (with a leading '0x'), and simple rational values may be specified in
 fractional form (ie. '4/10').  Structure tags may be specified either as a
+fractional form (eg. '4/10').  Structure tags may be specified either as a
 hash reference or a serialized string (see the last two examples above).
 …
 =item AddValue
+Specifies that the value be added to an existing list rather than replacing
+the list.  Valid values are 0 or 1.  Default is 0.
+Specifies that the value be added to an existing list in a file rather than
+overwriting the existing values.  Valid settings are 0 (overwrite any
+existing tag value), 1 (add to an existing list and warn for non-list tags)
+or 2 (add to existing list and overwrite non-list tags).  Default is 0.
 =item DelValue
+Delete the existing tag if it has the specified value.  Valid values are
+or 1.  Default is 0.
+Delete existing tag from a file if it has the specified value.  For
+list-type tags this deletes a specified item from the list.  For non-list
+tags this may be used to conditionally replace a tag by providing a new
+value in a separate call to L<SetNewValue> (see examples above).  For
+structured tags, the entire structure is deleted/replaced only if all of the
+specified fields match the existing structure.  Option values are 0 or 1.
+Default is 0.
 =item EditGroup
 Create tags in existing groups only.  Don't create new group.  Valid values
+are 0 and 1.  Default is 0.
+are 0 and 1.  Effectively removes the 'g' from the ExifTool WriteMode option
+for this tag only.  Default is 0.
 =item EditOnly
 Edit tag only if it already exists.  Don't create new tag.  Valid values are
+and 1.  Default is 0.
+and 1.  Effectively removes the 'c' from the ExifTool WriteMode option for
+this tag only.  Default is 0.
 =item Group
+Specifies group name where tag should be written.  If not specified, tag is
+written to highest priority group as specified by L</SetNewGroups>.  Any
+family 0 or 1 group name may be used.  Case is not significant.
+Specifies group name where tag should be written.  This option is superseded
+by any group specified in the tag name.  If not specified, tag is written to
+highest priority group as specified by L</SetNewGroups>.  May be one or more
+family 0, 1 or 2 groups with optional leading family number, separated by
+colons.  Case is not significant.
+=item NoFlat
+Treat flattened tags as 'unsafe'.
 =item NoShortcut
 …
 names indicating 'unsafe' and 'protected' tags.  Default is 0.
+=item ProtectSaved
+Avoid setting new values which were saved after the Nth call to
+L</SaveNewValues>.  Has no effect on unsaved values, or values saved before
+Nth call.  Option value is N.  Default is undef.
 =item Replace
 Flag to replace the previous new values for this tag (ie. replace the values
 set in previous calls to L</SetNewValue>).  This option is most commonly
 used to replace previously-set new values for List-type tags.  Valid values
 are 0 (set new value normally -- adds to new values for List-type tags), 1
 (reset previous new values for this tag and replace with the specified new
 value) or 2 (reset previous new values only).
+used to replace previously-set new values for list-type tags.  Valid values
+are 0 (set new value normally -- adds to new values for list-type tags), 1
+(reset any previous new values before setting new value) or 2 (reset
+previous new values only; new value argument is ignored).  Default is 0.
 =item Shift
+Shift the tag by the specified value.  Currently only date/time tags can be
+shifted.  Undefined for no shift, 1 for a positive shift, or -1 for a
+negative shift.  If 0, the shift is applied only if the tag is shiftable,
+and the shift is positive if AddValue is set, or negative if DelValue is
+set.  Default is undef.  See
+L<Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl|Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl> for more information.
+Shift the tag by the specified value.  Currently only date/time tags and
+tags with numerical values may be shifted.  Undefined for no shift, 1 for a
+positive shift, or -1 for a negative shift.  A value of 0 causes a positive
+shift to be applied if the tag is shiftable and AddValue is set, or a
+negative shift for date/time tags only if DelValue is set. Default is undef.
+See L<Image::ExifTool::Shift(3pm)|Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl> for more
+information.
 =item Type
 …
 In scalar context, returns the number of tags set and error messages are
 printed to STDERR.  In list context, returns the number of tags set and the
 error string.
+printed to STDERR.  In list context, returns the number of tags set, and the
+error string (which is undefined if there was no error).
 =item Notes:
+When deleting groups of tags, the Replace option may be used as in the last
+example above to exclude specific groups from a mass delete.  However, this
+technique may not be used to exclude individual tags.  Instead, use
+L</SetNewValuesFromFile> to recover the values of individual tags after
+deleting a group.
+When deleting groups of tags, the Replace option may be used to exclude
+specific groups from a mass delete.  However, this technique may not be used
+to exclude individual tags from a group delete (unless a family 2 group was
+specified in the delete).  Instead, use L</SetNewValuesFromFile> to recover
+the values of individual tags after deleting a group.
+When deleting all tags from a JPEG image, the APP14 "Adobe" information is
+not deleted by default because doing so may affect the appearance of the
+image.  However, this information may be deleted by specifying it
+explicitly, either by group (with 'Adobe:*') or as a block (with 'Adobe').
 =back
 …
 The following ExifTool options are effective in the call to L</SetNewValue>:
+Charset, Escape, IgnoreMinorErrors, Lang, ListSep, ListSplit, PrintConv and
+Verbose.
+Charset, DateFormat, Escape, IgnoreMinorErrors, Lang, ListJoin, ListSplit,
+PrintConv, QuickTimeUTC, StrictDate, TimeZone, Verbose and WriteMode.
+=head2 GetNewValue
+Get the new Raw value for a tag.  This is the value set by L</SetNewValue>
+this is queued to be written to file.  List-type tags may return multiple
+values in list context.
+    $rawVal = $exifTool->GetNewValue($tag);
+    @rawVals = $exifTool->GetNewValue($tag);
+=over 4
+=item Inputs:
+) ExifTool object reference
+) Tag name (case sensitive, may be prefixed by family 0, 1 or 7 group
+names, separated by colons)
+=item Return Values:
+List of new Raw tag values, or first value in list when called in scalar
+context.  The list may be empty either if the tag isn't being written, or if
+it is being deleted (ie. if L</SetNewValue> was called without a value).
+=back
 =head2 SetNewValuesFromFile
 …
     # set new value from a different tag in specific group
     $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($fp, 'IPTC:Keywords>XMP-dc:Subject');
+    $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($fp, 'XMP-dc:Subject<IPTC:Keywords');
     # add all IPTC keywords to XMP subject list
     $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($fp, 'IPTC:Keywords+>XMP-dc:Subject');
+    $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($fp, 'XMP-dc:Subject+<IPTC:Keywords');
     # set new value from an expression involving other tags
 …
     # copy all EXIF information, preserving the original IFD
+    # (without '>*.*' tags would be copied to the preferred EXIF IFD)
+    $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($file, 'EXIF:*>*:*');
+    # (without '*.*<' tags would be copied to the preferred EXIF IFD)
+    $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($file, '*:*<EXIF:*');
+    # copy all tags with names starting with "gps" (note: this is
+    # different than "gps:*" because it will also copy XMP GPS tags)
+    $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($file, 'gps*');
+    # set FileName from Model, translating questionable characters
+    $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($file,
+        'filename<${model; tr(/\\\\?*:|"><)(_) }.jpg');
 =over 4
 …
 -N) [optional] List of tag names to set or options hash references.  All
 writable tags are set if none are specified.  The tag names are not case
+sensitive, and may be prefixed by an optional family 0 or 1 group name,
+separated by a colon (ie. 'exif:iso').  A leading '-' indicates tags to be
+excluded (ie. '-comment'), or a trailing '#' causes the ValueConv value to
+be copied (same as setting the Type option to 'ValueConv' for this tag
+only).  An asterisk ('*') may be used for the tag name, and is useful when a
+group is specified to set all tags from a group (ie. 'XMP:*').  A special
+feature allows tag names of the form 'SRCTAG>DSTTAG' (or
+'DSTTAGE<lt>SRCTAG') to be specified to copy information to a tag with a
+different name or a specified group. Both 'SRCTAG' and 'DSTTAG' may use '*'
+and/or be prefixed by a group name (ie. 'modifyDate>fileModifyDate' or
+'*>xmp:*').  Copied tags may also be added or deleted from a list with
+arguments of the form 'SRCTAG+>DSTTAG' or 'SRCTAG->DSTTAG'.  Tags are
+evaluated in order, so exclusions apply only to tags included earlier in the
+list.  An extension of this feature allows the tag value to be set from an
+expression containing tag names with leading '$' symbols (ie.
+'CommentE<lt>the file is $filename').  Braces '{}' may be used around the tag
+name to separate it from subsequent text, and a '$$' is used to to represent
+a '$' symbol.  (The behaviour for missing tags in expressions is defined by
+the L</MissingTagValue> option.)  Multiple options hash references may be
+passed to set different options for different tags. Options apply to
+subsequent tags in the argument list.
+sensitive, and may be prefixed by one or more family 0, 1, 2 or 7 group
+names with optional leading family numbers, separated by colons (eg.
+'exif:iso'). A leading '-' indicates tags to be excluded (eg. '-comment'),
+or a trailing '#' causes the ValueConv value to be copied (same as setting
+the Type option to 'ValueConv' for this tag only).  Wildcards ('*' and '?')
+may be used in the tag name.  A tag name of '*' is commonly used when a
+group is specified to copy all tags in the group (eg. 'XMP:*').  A special
+feature allows tag names of the form 'DSTTAGE<lt>SRCTAG' (or
+'SRCTAGE<gt>DSTTAG') to be specified to copy information to a tag with a
+different name or a specified group.  Both 'SRCTAG' and 'DSTTAG' may contain
+wildcards and/or be prefixed by a group name (eg.
+'fileModifyDateE<lt>modifyDate' or 'xmp:*E<lt>*'), and/or suffixed by a '#'
+to disable print conversion.  Copied tags may also be added or deleted from
+a list with arguments of the form 'DSTTAG+E<lt>SRCTAG' or
+'DSTTAG-E<lt>SRCTAG'.  Tags are evaluated in order, so exclusions apply only
+to tags included earlier in the list.  An extension of this feature allows
+the tag value to be set from a string containing tag names with leading '$'
+symbols (eg. 'CommentE<lt>the file is $filename'). Braces '{}' may be used
+around the tag name to separate it from subsequent text, and a '$$' is used
+to to represent a '$' symbol.  The behaviour for missing tags in expressions
+is defined by the L</MissingTagValue> option. The tag value may be modified
+via changes to the default input variable ($_) in a Perl expression placed
+inside the braces and after a semicolon following the tag name (see the last
+example above).  A '@' may be added after the tag name (before the
+semicolon) to make the expression act on individual list items instead of
+the concatenated string for list-type tags. Braces within the expression
+must be balanced. Multiple options hash references may be passed to set
+different options for different tags. Options apply to subsequent tags in
+the argument list.
 By default, this routine will commute information between same-named tags in
 …
 name for extracted tags (even if '*' is used as a group name), in which case
 the information is written to the original group, unless redirected to a
+different group.  When '*' is used for a group name, the family 1 group of
+the original tag is preserved.  (For example, specifying '*:*' copies all
+information while preserving the original family 1 groups.)
+different group.  When '*' is used for a group name, by default the family 1
+group of the original tag is preserved, but a different family may be
+specified with a leading family number.  (For example, specifying '*:*'
+copies all information while preserving the original family 1 groups, while
+'0*:*' preserves the family 0 group.)
 =item SetNewValuesFromFile Options:
 …
 when copying, but the Struct option may be set to 0 to override this
 behaviour and copy as flattened tags instead.
-=back
-=head2 GetNewValues
-Get list of new Raw values for the specified tag.  These are the values
-that will be written to file.  Only tags which support a 'List' may return
-more than one value.
-    $rawVal = $exifTool->GetNewValues($tag);
-    @rawVals = $exifTool->GetNewValues($tag);
-=over 4
-=item Inputs:
-) ExifTool object reference
-) Tag name (case sensitive, may be prefixed by family 0 or 1 group name)
-=item Return Values:
-List of new Raw tag values, or first value in list when called in scalar
-context.  The list may be empty either if the tag isn't being written, or if
-it is being deleted (ie. if L</SetNewValue> was called without a value).
 =back
 …
 =item Return Value:
+None.
+Count of the number of times this routine has been called (N) since the last
+time the new values were reset.
 =back
 …
 =head2 SetFileModifyDate
+Set the file modification time from the new value of the FileModifyDate tag.
+Write the filesystem modification or creation time from the new value of the
+FileModifyDate or FileCreateDate tag.
     $exifTool->SetNewValue(FileModifyDate => '2000:01:02 03:04:05-05:00',
 …
 ) [optional] Base time if applying shift (days before $^T)
+) [optional] Tag to write: 'FileModifyDate' (default), or 'FileCreateDate'
 =item Return Value:
 …
 Equivalent to, but more efficient than calling L</WriteInfo> when only the
+FileModifyDate tag has been set.  If a timezone is not specified in the
+FileModifyDate value, local time is assumed.  When shifting FileModifyDate,
+the time of the original file is used unless an optional base time is
+specified.
+FileModifyDate or FileCreateDate tag has been set.  If a timezone is not
+specified, local time is assumed.  When shifting, the time of the original
+file is used unless the optional base time is specified.
+The ability to write FileCreateDate is currently restricted to Windows
+systems only.
 =back
 …
 =head2 SetFileName
+Set the file name and directory.  If not specified, the new file name is
+derived from the new values of the FileName and Directory tags.  If the
+FileName tag contains a '/', then the file is renamed into a new directory.
+If FileName ends with '/', then it is taken as a directory name and the file
+is moved into the new directory.  The new value for the Directory tag takes
+precedence over any directory specified in FileName.
+Set the file name and directory, or create a hard link.  If not specified,
+the new file name is derived from the new values of the FileName and
+Directory tags, or from the HardLink or SymLink tag if creating a link.  If
+the FileName tag contains a '/', then the file is renamed into a new
+directory.  If FileName ends with '/', then it is taken as a directory name
+and the file is moved into the new directory.  The new value for the
+Directory tag takes precedence over any directory specified in FileName.
     $result = $exifTool->SetFileName($file);
 …
 ) [optional] New file name
+) [optional] 'HardLink' or 'SymLink' to create a hard or symbolic link
+instead of renaming the file, or 'Test' to test renaming feature by printing
+the old and new names instead of changing anything.
 =item Return Value:
 if the file name or directory was changed, 0 if nothing was done, or -1 if
 there was an error renaming the file.
+on success, 0 if nothing was done, or -1 if there was an error renaming the
+file or creating the link.
 =item Notes:
+Will not overwrite existing files. New directories are created as necessary.
+Will not overwrite existing files. New directories are created as necessary.
+If the file is successfully renamed, the new file name may be accessed via
+C<$$exifTool{NewName}>.
 =back
 …
 first valid group of this list.  This has an impact only if the group is not
 specified when calling L</SetNewValue> and if the tag name exists in more
+than one group.  The default order is EXIF, IPTC then XMP.  Any family 0
+group name may be used.  Case is not significant.
+than one group.  The default order is EXIF, IPTC, XMP, MakerNotes,
+QuickTime, Photoshop, ICC_Profile, CanonVRD, Adobe.  Any family 0 group name
+may be used.  Case is not significant.
     $exifTool->SetNewGroups('XMP','EXIF','IPTC');
 …
 binary data block.  For some tags, such as Composite tags where there is no
 ID, an empty string is returned.  In list context, also returns a language
 code for the tag if available and different from the default language (ie.
+code for the tag if available and different from the default language (eg.
 with alternate language entries for XMP "lang-alt" tags).
 …
 Get group name(s) for a specified tag.
     # return family 0 group name (ie. 'EXIF');
+    # return family 0 group name (eg. 'EXIF');
     $group = $exifTool->GetGroup($tag, 0);
     # return all groups (ie. qw{EXIF IFD0 Author Main})
+    # return all groups (eg. qw{EXIF IFD0 Author Main})
     @groups = $exifTool->GetGroup($tag);
     # return groups as a string (ie. 'Main:IFD0:Author')
+    # return groups as a string (eg. 'Main:IFD0:Author')
     $group = $exifTool->GetGroup($tag, ':3:1:2');
     # return groups as a simplified string (ie. 'IFD0:Author')
+    # return groups as a simplified string (eg. 'IFD0:Author')
     $group = $exifTool->GetGroup($tag, '3:1:2');
 …
 The group family numbers are currently available:
+) Information Type             (ie. EXIF, XMP, IPTC)
+) Specific Location            (ie. IFD0, XMP-dc)
+) Category                     (ie. Author, Time)
+) Document Number              (ie. Main, Doc1, Doc3-2)
+) Instance Number              (ie. Copy1, Copy2, Copy3...)
+) Information Type         (eg. EXIF, XMP, IPTC)
+) Specific Location        (eg. IFD0, XMP-dc)
+) Category                 (eg. Author, Time)
+) Document Number          (eg. Main, Doc1, Doc3-2)
+) Instance Number          (eg. Copy1, Copy2, Copy3...)
+) Metadata Path            (eg. JPEG-APP1-IFD0-ExifIFD)
+) EXIF/TIFF Format         (eg. int8u, int32u, undef, string)
+) Tag ID                   (eg. ID-271, ID-rights, ID-a9aut)
 Families 0 and 1 are based on the file structure, and are similar except
 …
 L</ExtractEmbedded> option for extracting tags from embedded documents.)
 Nested sub-documents (if they exist) are indicated by numbers separated with
 dashes in the group name, to an arbitrary depth. (ie. 'Doc2-3-1' is the 1st
+dashes in the group name, to an arbitrary depth. (eg. 'Doc2-3-1' is the 1st
 sub-sub-document of the 3rd sub-document of the 2nd embedded document of the
+main file.)
+main file.)  Document numbers are also used to differentiate samples for
+timed metadata in videos.
 Family 4 provides a method for differentiating tags when multiple tags exist
 with the same name in the same location.  The primary instance of a tag (the
 tag extracted when the Duplicates option is disabled and no group is
+specified) has no family 4 group name, but additional instances have have
+family 4 group names of 'Copy1', 'Copy2', 'Copy3', etc.
+specified) has no family 4 group name, but additional instances have family
+group names of 'Copy1', 'Copy2', 'Copy3', etc.  For convenience, the
+primary tag may also be accessed using a group name of 'Copy0'.
+Family 5 is experimental, and gives the complete path for the metadata in
+the file.  Generated only if the L</SavePath> option is used when
+extracting.
+Family 6 is currently used only for EXIF/TIFF metadata, and gives the format
+type of the extracted value.  Generated only if the L</SaveFormat> option is
+used when extracting.
+Family 7 is used for tag ID's.  The group names are the actual tag ID's,
+with a leading "ID-" string.  Non-numerical ID's have characters other than
+[-_A-Za-z0-9] converted to hex.  Numerical tag ID's are returned in hex if
+the L</HexTagIDs> option is set, otherwise decimal is used.  When specifying
+a family 7 group name, numerical ID's may be in hex or decimal, and
+non-numerical ID's may or may not have characters other than [-_A-Za-z0-9]
+converted to hex.  Note that unlike other group names, the tag ID's of
+family 7 group names are case sensitive (but the leading "ID-" is not).
 See L</GetAllGroups [static]> for complete lists of group names.
 …
 Tag values are calculated in alphabetical order unless a tag Require's or
 Desire's another composite tag, in which case the calculation is deferred
+until after the other tag is calculated. Composite tags may need to read
+data from the image for their value to be determined, so for these
+L</BuildCompositeTags> must be called while the image is available.  This is
+only a problem if L</ImageInfo> is called with a filename (as opposed to a
+file reference or scalar reference) since in this case the file is closed
+before L</ImageInfo> returns.  However if you enable the Composite option,
+L</BuildCompositeTags> is called from within L</ImageInfo> before the file
+is closed.
+until after the other tag is calculated.
+Composite tags may need to read data from the image for their value to be
+determined, and for these L</BuildCompositeTags> must be called while the
+image is available.  This is only a problem if L</ImageInfo> is called with
+a filename (as opposed to a file reference or scalar reference) since in
+this case the file is closed before L</ImageInfo> returns.  Here the
+Composite option may be used so that L</BuildCompositeTags> is called from
+within L</ImageInfo>, before the file is closed.
 =back
 …
 =item Inputs:
 ) Group family number (0-4)
+) Group family number (0-7)
 =item Return Values:
 …
 =item Family 0 (Information Type):
+AFCP, AIFF, APE, APP0, APP12, APP13, APP14, APP15, APP4, APP5, APP6, APP8,
+ASF, CanonVRD, Composite, DICOM, DNG, DV, DjVu, Ducky, EXE, EXIF, ExifTool,
+FLAC, File, Flash, FlashPix, Font, FotoStation, GIF, GIMP, GeoTiff, H264,
+HTML, ICC_Profile, ID3, IPTC, ITC, JFIF, JPEG, Jpeg2000, LNK, Leaf, M2TS,
+MIE, MIFF, MNG, MPC, MPEG, MPF, MXF, MakerNotes, Matroska, Meta, PDF, PICT,
+PNG, PSP, PhotoMechanic, Photoshop, PostScript, PrintIM, QuickTime, RAF,
+RIFF, RSRC, RTF, Rawzor, Real, SVG, SigmaRaw, Stim, Vorbis, XML, XMP, ZIP
+AFCP, AIFF, APE, APP0, APP1, APP11, APP12, APP13, APP14, APP15, APP4, APP5,
+APP6, APP8, ASF, Audible, CanonVRD, Composite, DICOM, DNG, DV, DjVu, Ducky,
+EXE, EXIF, ExifTool, FITS, FLAC, FLIR, File, Flash, FlashPix, Font,
+FotoStation, GIF, GIMP, GeoTiff, GoPro, H264, HTML, ICC_Profile, ID3, IPTC,
+ISO, ITC, JFIF, JPEG, JSON, Jpeg2000, LNK, Leaf, Lytro, M2TS, MIE, MIFF,
+MNG, MOI, MPC, MPEG, MPF, MXF, MakerNotes, Matroska, Meta, Ogg, OpenEXR,
+Opus, PDF, PICT, PLIST, PNG, PSP, Palm, Parrot, PanasonicRaw, PhotoCD,
+PhotoMechanic, Photoshop, PostScript, PrintIM, QuickTime, RAF, RIFF, RSRC,
+RTF, Radiance, Rawzor, Real, Red, SVG, SigmaRaw, Stim, Theora, Torrent,
+Trailer, UserParam, VCard, Vorbis, WTV, XML, XMP, ZIP
 =item Family 1 (Specific Location):
+AC3, AFCP, AIFF, APE, ASF, AVI1, Adobe, AdobeCM, CIFF, Canon, CanonCustom,
+CanonRaw, CanonVRD, Casio, Chapter#, Composite, DICOM, DNG, DV, DjVu,
+DjVu-Meta, Ducky, EPPIM, EXE, EXIF, ExifIFD, ExifTool, FLAC, File, Flash,
+FlashPix, Font, FotoStation, FujiFilm, GE, GIF, GIMP, GPS, GeoTiff,
+GlobParamIFD, GraphConv, H264, HP, HTML, HTML-dc, HTML-ncc, HTML-office,
+AC3, AFCP, AIFF, APE, ASF, AVI1, Adobe, AdobeCM, AdobeDNG, Apple, Audible,
+CIFF, CameraIFD, Canon, CanonCustom, CanonRaw, CanonVRD, Casio, Chapter#,
+Composite, DICOM, DJI, DNG, DV, DjVu, DjVu-Meta, Ducky, EPPIM, EXE, EXIF,
+ExifIFD, ExifTool, FITS, FLAC, FLIR, File, Flash, FlashPix, Font,
+FotoStation, FujiFilm, FujiIFD, GE, GIF, GIMP, GPS, GeoTiff, GlobParamIFD,
+GoPro, GraphConv, H264, HP, HTC, HTML, HTML-dc, HTML-ncc, HTML-office,
 HTML-prod, HTML-vw96, HTTP-equiv, ICC-chrm, ICC-clrt, ICC-header, ICC-meas,
 ICC-meta, ICC-view, ICC_Profile, ICC_Profile#, ID3, ID3v1, ID3v1_Enh,
+ID3v2_2, ID3v2_3, ID3v2_4, IFD0, IFD1, IPTC, IPTC#, ITC, InteropIFD, JFIF,
+JPEG, JVC, Jpeg2000, KDC_IFD, Kodak, KodakBordersIFD, KodakEffectsIFD,
+KodakIFD, KyoceraRaw, LNK, Leaf, LeafSubIFD, Leica, M2TS, MAC, MIE-Audio,
+MIE-Camera, MIE-Canon, MIE-Doc, MIE-Extender, MIE-Flash, MIE-GPS, MIE-Geo,
+MIE-Image, MIE-Lens, MIE-Main, MIE-MakerNotes, MIE-Meta, MIE-Orient,
+MIE-Preview, MIE-Thumbnail, MIE-UTM, MIE-Unknown, MIE-Video, MIFF, MNG, MPC,
+MPEG, MPF0, MPImage, MXF, MakerNotes, MakerUnknown, Matroska, MetaIFD,
+Microsoft, Minolta, MinoltaRaw, NITF, Nikon, NikonCapture, NikonCustom,
+NikonScan, Olympus, PDF, PICT, PNG, PSP, Panasonic, Pentax, PhotoMechanic,
+Photoshop, PictureInfo, PostScript, PreviewIFD, PrintIM, ProfileIFD,
+QuickTime, RAF, RAF2, RIFF, RMETA, RSRC, RTF, Rawzor, Real, Real-CONT,
+Real-MDPR, Real-PROP, Real-RA3, Real-RA4, Real-RA5, Real-RJMD, Reconyx,
+Ricoh, SPIFF, SR2, SR2DataIFD, SR2SubIFD, SRF#, SVG, Samsung, Sanyo,
+Scalado, Sigma, SigmaRaw, Sony, SonyIDC, Stim, SubIFD, System, Track#,
+Version0, Vorbis, XML, XMP, XMP-DICOM, XMP-MP, XMP-MP1, XMP-PixelLive,
+XMP-acdsee, XMP-album, XMP-aux, XMP-cc, XMP-cell, XMP-crs, XMP-dc, XMP-dex,
+XMP-digiKam, XMP-exif, XMP-iptcCore, XMP-iptcExt, XMP-lr, XMP-mediapro,
+XMP-microsoft, XMP-mwg-coll, XMP-mwg-kw, XMP-mwg-rs, XMP-pdf, XMP-pdfx,
+XMP-photomech, XMP-photoshop, XMP-plus, XMP-prism, XMP-prl, XMP-pur,
+ID3v2_2, ID3v2_3, ID3v2_4, IFD0, IFD1, IPTC, IPTC#, ISO, ITC, Insta360,
+InteropIFD, ItemList, JFIF, JFXX, JPEG, JPEG-HDR, JSON, JVC, Jpeg2000,
+KDC_IFD, Keys, Kodak, KodakBordersIFD, KodakEffectsIFD, KodakIFD,
+KyoceraRaw, LNK, Leaf, LeafSubIFD, Leica, Lyrics3, Lytro, M2TS, MAC,
+MIE-Audio, MIE-Camera, MIE-Canon, MIE-Doc, MIE-Extender, MIE-Flash, MIE-GPS,
+MIE-Geo, MIE-Image, MIE-Lens, MIE-Main, MIE-MakerNotes, MIE-Meta,
+MIE-Orient, MIE-Preview, MIE-Thumbnail, MIE-UTM, MIE-Unknown, MIE-Video,
+MIFF, MNG, MOBI, MOI, MPC, MPEG, MPF0, MPImage, MS-DOC, MXF, MacOS,
+MakerNotes, MakerUnknown, Matroska, MediaJukebox, Meta, MetaIFD, Microsoft,
+Minolta, MinoltaRaw, Motorola, NITF, Nikon, NikonCapture, NikonCustom,
+NikonScan, NikonSettings, Nintendo, Ocad, Ogg, Olympus, OpenEXR, Opus, PDF,
+PICT, PNG, PNG-pHYs, PSP, Palm, Panasonic, PanasonicRaw, Pentax, PhaseOne,
+PhotoCD, PhotoMechanic, Photoshop, PictureInfo, PostScript, PreviewIFD,
+PrintIM, ProfileIFD, Qualcomm, QuickTime, RAF, RAF2, RIFF, RMETA, RSRC, RTF,
+Radiance, Rawzor, Real, Real-CONT, Real-MDPR, Real-PROP, Real-RA3, Real-RA4,
+Real-RA5, Real-RJMD, Reconyx, Red, Ricoh, SPIFF, SR2, SR2DataIFD, SR2SubIFD,
+SRF#, SVG, Samsung, Sanyo, Scalado, Sigma, SigmaRaw, Sony, SonyIDC, Stim,
+SubIFD, System, Theora, Torrent, Track#, UserData, UserParam, VCalendar,
+VCard, Version0, Vorbis, WTV, XML, XMP, XMP-DICOM, XMP-Device, XMP-GAudio,
+XMP-GDepth, XMP-GFocus, XMP-GImage, XMP-GPano, XMP-GSpherical, XMP-LImage,
+XMP-MP, XMP-MP1, XMP-PixelLive, XMP-aas, XMP-acdsee, XMP-album,
+XMP-apple-fi, XMP-aux, XMP-cc, XMP-cell, XMP-creatorAtom, XMP-crs, XMP-dc,
+XMP-dex, XMP-digiKam, XMP-drone-dji, XMP-dwc, XMP-exif, XMP-exifEX,
+XMP-expressionmedia, XMP-extensis, XMP-fpv, XMP-getty, XMP-ics,
+XMP-iptcCore, XMP-iptcExt, XMP-lr, XMP-mediapro, XMP-microsoft,
+XMP-mwg-coll, XMP-mwg-kw, XMP-mwg-rs, XMP-pdf, XMP-pdfx, XMP-photomech,
+XMP-photoshop, XMP-plus, XMP-pmi, XMP-prism, XMP-prl, XMP-prm, XMP-pur,
 XMP-rdf, XMP-swf, XMP-tiff, XMP-x, XMP-xmp, XMP-xmpBJ, XMP-xmpDM, XMP-xmpMM,
 XMP-xmpNote, XMP-xmpPLUS, XMP-xmpRights, XMP-xmpTPg, ZIP
 …
 =item Family 2 (Category):
 Audio, Author, Camera, Document, ExifTool, Image, Location, Other, Printing,
 Time, Unknown, Video
+Audio, Author, Camera, Device, Document, ExifTool, Image, Location, Other,
+Preview, Printing, Time, Unknown, Video
 =item Family 3 (Document Number):
 …
 Copy#
+=back
+=item Family 5 (Metadata Path):
+eg. JPEG-APP1-IFD0-ExifIFD
+=item Family 6 (EXIF/TIFF Format):
+int8u, string, int16u, int32u, rational64u, int8s, undef, int16s, int32s,
+rational64s, float, double, ifd, unicode, complex, int64u, int64s, ifd64
+=item Family 7 (Tag ID):
+ID-xxx (Where xxx is the tag ID.  Numerical ID's are returned in hex with a
+leading "0x" if the HexTagIDs option is set, or decimal otherwise.
+Characters in non-numerical ID's which are not valid in a group name are
+returned as 2 hex digits.)
+=back
+Note:  This function may also be called as an ExifTool member function to
+allow the HexTagIDs option to be set when retrieving family 7 group names.
 =head2 GetDeleteGroups [static]
 …
 deletable group names is:
+AFCP, CIFF, CanonVRD, EXIF, ExifIFD, Ducky, File, FlashPix, FotoStation,
+GlobParamIFD, GPS, IFD0, IFD1, InteropIFD, ICC_Profile, IPTC, JFIF,
+MakerNotes, Meta, MetaIFD, MIE, PhotoMechanic, Photoshop, PNG, PrintIM,
+RMETA, SubIFD, Trailer, XMP
+All names in this list are either family 0 or family 1 group names, with the
+exception of 'Trailer' which allows all trailers in JPEG and TIFF-format
+images to be deleted at once, including unknown trailers.  To schedule a
+group for deletion, call L</SetNewValue> with an undefined value and a tag
+name like 'Trailer:*'.
+AFCP, APP0, APP1, APP10, APP11, APP12, APP13, APP14, APP15, APP2, APP3,
+APP4, APP5, APP6, APP7, APP8, APP9, Adobe, Audio, Author, CIFF, Camera,
+CanonVRD, Document, Ducky, EXIF, ExifIFD, ExifTool, File, FlashPix,
+FotoStation, GPS, GlobParamIFD, ICC_Profile, IFD0, IFD1, IPTC, Image,
+InteropIFD, JFIF, Jpeg2000, Location, MIE, MPF, MakerNotes, Meta, MetaIFD,
+NikonCapture, Other, PDF, PDF-update, PNG, PNG-pHYs, PhotoMechanic,
+Photoshop, Preview, PrintIM, Printing, RMETA, RSRC, SubIFD, Time, Trailer,
+Video, XML, XML-*, XMP, XMP-*
+To schedule a group for deletion, call L</SetNewValue> with a tag name like
+'EXIF:*' and an undefined tag value.
+Deleting a family 0 or 1 group will delete the entire corresponding block of
+metadata, but deleting a family 2 group (eg. Audio, Author, Camera, etc.)
+deletes the individual tags belonging to that category.
+The 'Trailer' group allows all trailers in JPEG and TIFF-format images to be
+deleted at once, including unknown trailers.  Note that the JPEG "APP"
+groups are special, and are used only to delete application segments which
+are not associated with another deletable group. For example, deleting
+'APP14:*' will delete other APP14 segments, but not the APP14 "Adobe"
+segment.
 =back
 …
 ) [optional] File name (or just an extension)
+) [optional] Flag to return a description instead of a type.  Set to 0 to
+return type for recognized but unsupported files (otherwise the return value
+for unsupported files is undef).
+) [optional] Flag to return a description instead of a type.  Default is
+undef.  Set to 0 to also return types of recognized but unsupported files
+(otherwise the return value for unsupported files is undef), or 1 to return
+descriptions.
 =item Return Value:
 …
 A string, based on the file extension, which indicates the basic format of
 the file.  Note that some files may be based on other formats (like many RAW
 image formats are based on TIFF).  In array context, may return more than
 one file type if the file may be based on different formats.  Returns undef
+if files with this extension are not yet supported by ExifTool.  Returns a
 list of extensions for all supported file types if no input extension is
 specified (or all recognized file types if the description flag is set to 0).
 Returns a more detailed description of the specific file format when the
+image formats are based on TIFF).  In list context, may return more than one
+file type if the file may be based on different formats.  Returns undef if
+files with this extension are not yet supported by ExifTool.  Returns a list
+of extensions for all supported file types if no input extension is
+specified (or all recognized file types if the description flag is set to
+). Returns a more detailed description of the specific file format when the
 description flag is set.
 …
 =item Return Value:
+True if ExifTool can create files with this extension from scratch.
+Currently, this can only be done with XMP, MIE, ICC, VRD and EXIF files.
+True if ExifTool can create files with this extension from scratch.
+Currently, this can only be done with XMP, MIE, ICC, VRD, DR4, EXV and EXIF
+files.
+=back
+=head2 AddUserDefinedTags [static]
+Add user-defined tags to an existing tag table at run time.  This differs
+from the usual technique of creating user-defined tags via the
+%Image::ExifTool::UserDefined hash (see the ExifTool_config file in the
+Image::ExifTool distribution) because it allows tags to be added after a tag
+table has been initialized.
+    use Image::ExifTool ':Public';
+    my %tags = (
+        TestTagID1 => { Name => 'TestTagName1' },
+        TestTagID2 => { Name => 'TestTagName2' },
+    );
+    my $num = AddUserDefinedTags('Image::ExifTool::PDF::Info', %tags);
+=over 4
+=item Inputs:
+) Destination tag table name
+-N) Pairs of tag ID / tag information hash references for the new tags
+=item Return Value:
+The number of tags added.
+=item Notes
+Pre-existing tags with the same ID will be replaced in the destination
+table. See lib/Image/ExifTool/README in the full distribution for full
+details on the elements of the tag information hash.
 =back
 …
 Certain meta information formats allow coded character sets other than plain
+ASCII.  When reading, 8-bit encodings are passed straight through ExifTool
+without re-coding unless specified otherwise below, and multi-byte encodings
+are converted according to the L</Charset> option ('UTF8' by default).  When
+writing, the inverse conversions are performed.  See the L</Charset> option
+for a list of valid character sets.
+ASCII.  When reading, most known encodings are converted to the external
+character set according to the L</Charset> option, or to UTF-8 by default.
+When writing, the inverse conversions are performed.  Alternatively, special
+characters may be converted to/from HTML character entities with the
+L</Escape> HTML option.
+A distinction is made between the external character set visible via the
+ExifTool API, and the internal character used to store text in the metadata
+of a file.  These character sets may be specified separately as follows:
+=over 4
+=item External Character Sets:
+The encoding for tag values passed to/from ExifTool API functions is set via
+the L</Charset> option, which is 'UTF8' by default.
+The encoding of file names is specified via the L</CharsetFileName> option.
+By default, L</CharsetFileName> is not defined, and file names passed to
+ExifTool are used directly in calls to the system i/o routines (which expect
+UTF-8 strings on Mac/Linux, but default to the system code page on Windows).
+In this mode on Windows a warning is issued if a file name contains special
+characters, but this warning may be avoided by setting L</CharsetFileName>
+to an empty string.  Setting L</CharsetFileName> to any other value causes
+file names to be converted from the specified encoding to one appropriate
+for the system.  In Windows this also has the effect of activating Unicode
+filename support via the special Windows wide-character i/o routines if
+Win32API::File is available.
+=item Internal Character Sets:
+The encodings used to store strings in the various metadata formats.  These
+encodings may be changed for certain types of metadata via the
+L</CharsetEXIF>, L</CharsetID3>, L</CharsetIPTC>, L</CharsetPhotoshop>,
+L</CharsetQuickTime> and L</CharsetRIFF> options.
+=back
+Values are returned as byte strings of encoded characters.  Perl wide
+characters are not used.  By default, most returned strings are encoded in
+UTF-8.  For these, Encode::decode_utf8() may be used to convert to a
+sequence of logical Perl characters.  Note that some settings of the
+PERL_UNICODE environment variable may be incompatible with ExifTool's
+character handling.
 More specific details are given below about how character coding is handled
+for EXIF, IPTC, XMP, PNG, ID3, PDF and MIE information:
+for EXIF, IPTC, XMP, PNG, ID3, PDF, Photoshop, QuickTime, AIFF, MIE and
+Vorbis information:
 =head2 EXIF
+Most textual information in EXIF is stored in ASCII format, and ExifTool
+does not convert these tags.  However it is not uncommon for applications to
+write UTF-8 or other encodings where ASCII is expected, and ExifTool will
+quite happily read/write any encoding without conversion.  For a few EXIF
+tags (UserComment, GPSProcessingMethod and GPSAreaInformation) the stored
+text may be encoded either in ASCII, Unicode (UCS-2) or JIS.  When reading
+these tags, Unicode and JIS are converted to the character set specified by
+the L</Charset> option.  Other encodings are not converted.  When writing,
+Most textual information in EXIF is stored in ASCII format (called "string"
+in the L<ExifTool tag name documentation|Image::ExifTool::TagNames>). By
+default ExifTool does not convert these strings.  However, it is not
+uncommon for applications to write UTF-8 or other encodings where ASCII is
+expected.  To deal with these, ExifTool allows the internal EXIF string
+encoding to be specified with L</CharsetEXIF>, which causes EXIF string
+values to be converted from the specified character set when reading, and
+stored with this character set when writing.  (The MWG recommends using
+UTF-8 encoding for EXIF strings, and in keeping with this the
+L<MWG|Image::ExifTool::MWG> module sets the default internal EXIF string
+encoding to UTF-8, but note that this will have no effect unless the
+external encoding is also set to something other than the default of UTF-8.)
+A few EXIF tags (UserComment, GPSProcessingMethod and GPSAreaInformation)
+support a designated internal text encoding, with values stored as ASCII,
+Unicode (UCS-2) or JIS.  When reading these tags, ExifTool converts Unicode
+and JIS to the external character set specified by the L</Charset>
+option, or to UTF-8 by default.  ASCII text is not converted. When writing,
 text is stored as ASCII unless the string contains special characters, in
+which case it is converted from the specified character set and stored as
+Unicode.  ExifTool writes Unicode in native EXIF byte ordering by default,
+but this may be changed by setting the ExifUnicodeByteOrder tag.  The EXIF
+"XP" tags (XPTitle, XPComment, etc) are always stored as little-endian
+Unicode, and are read and written using the specified character set.
+which case it is converted from the external character set (UTF-8 by
+default), and stored as Unicode. ExifTool writes Unicode in native EXIF byte
+ordering by default, but the byte order may be specified by setting the
+ExifUnicodeByteOrder tag (see the
+L<Extra Tags documentation|Image::ExifTool::TagNames/Extra Tags>).
+The EXIF "XP" tags (XPTitle, XPComment, etc) are always stored as
+little-endian Unicode (UCS-2), and are read and written using the specified
+character set.
 =head2 IPTC
 …
 character sets are the same.  Note that ISO 2022 character set shifting is
 not supported.  Instead, a warning is issued and the string is not converted
+if an ISO 2022 shift code is found.  See L<http://www.iptc.org/IIM/> for the
+official IPTC specification.
+if an ISO 2022 shift code is encountered.  See L<http://www.iptc.org/IIM/>
+for the official IPTC specification.
+ExifTool may be used to convert IPTC values to a different internal
+encoding.  To do this, all IPTC tags must be rewritten along with the
+desired value of CodedCharacterSet.  For example, the following command
+changes the internal IPTC encoding to UTF-8 (from Windows Latin1 unless
+CodedCharacterSet was already 'UTF8'):
+  exiftool -tagsfromfile @ -iptc:all -codedcharacterset=utf8 a.jpg
+or from Windows Latin2 (cp1250) to UTF-8:
+  exiftool -tagsfromfile @ -iptc:all -codedcharacterset=utf8 \
+  -charset iptc=latin2 a.jpg
+and this command changes it back from UTF-8 to Windows Latin1 (cp1252):
+  exiftool -tagsfromfile @ -iptc:all -codedcharacterset= a.jpg
+or to Windows Latin2:
+  exiftool -tagsfromfile @ -iptc:all -codedcharacterset= \
+  -charset iptc=latin2 a.jpg
+Unless CodedCharacterSet is 'UTF8', applications have no reliable way to
+determine the IPTC character encoding.  For this reason, it is recommended
+that CodedCharacterSet be set to 'UTF8' when creating new IPTC.
+(Note: Here, "IPTC" Refers to the older IPTC IIM format.  The more recent
+IPTC Core and Extension specifications actually use the XMP format.)
 =head2 XMP
 Exiftool reads XMP encoded as UTF-8, UTF-16 or UTF-32, and converts them all
+ExifTool reads XMP encoded as UTF-8, UTF-16 or UTF-32, and converts them all
 to UTF-8 internally.  Also, all XML character entity references and numeric
 character references are converted.  When writing, ExifTool always encodes
 …
 references: E<amp> E<lt> E<gt> E<39> E<quot>.  By default no further
 conversion is performed, however if the L</Charset> option is other than
 'UTF8' then text is converted to/from a specified character set when
+'UTF8' then text is converted to/from the specified character set when
 reading/writing.
 …
 text is converted from the specified character set and stored as UTF-8.
+=head2 JPEG Comment
+The encoding for the JPEG Comment (COM segment) is not specified, so
+ExifTool reads/writes this text without conversion.
 =head2 ID3
 …
 subset of Windows Latin1), although some applications may incorrectly use
 other character sets.  By default ExifTool converts ID3v1 text from Latin to
 the character set specified by the </Charset> option.  However, the internal
+ID3v1 charset may be specified with the L</CharsetID3> option.  The encoding
+for ID3v2 information is stored in the file, so ExifTool converts ID3v2 text
+from this encoding to the character set specified by the L</Charset> option.
 ExifTool does not currently write ID3 information.
+the character set specified by the L</Charset> option.  However, the
+internal ID3v1 charset may be specified with the L</CharsetID3> option.  The
+encoding for ID3v2 information is stored in the file, so ExifTool converts
+ID3v2 text from this encoding to the character set specified by the
+L</Charset> option. ExifTool does not currently write ID3 information.
 =head2 PDF
 …
 encodes input text from the specified character set as Unicode only if the
 string contains special characters, otherwise PDFDocEncoding is used.
+=head2 Photoshop
+Some Photoshop resource names are stored as Pascal strings with unknown
+encoding.  By default, ExifTool assumes MacRoman encoding and converts this
+to UTF-8, but the internal and external character sets may be specified with
+the L</CharsetPhotoshop> and L</Charset> options respectively.
+=head2 QuickTime
+QuickTime text strings may be stored in a variety of poorly document
+formats. ExifTool does its best to decode these according to the L</Charset>
+option setting.  For some QuickTime strings, ExifTool assumes a default
+encoding of MacRoman, but this may be changed with the L</CharsetQuickTime>
+option.
+=head2 AIFF
+AIFF strings are assumed to be stored in MacRoman, and are converted
+according to the L</Charset> option when reading.
+=head2 RIFF
+The internal encoding of RIFF strings (eg. in AVI and WAV files) is assumed
+to be Latin unless otherwise specified by the RIFF CSET chunk or the
+L</CharsetRIFF> option.
 =head2 MIE
 …
 are stored as ISO 8859-1.
+=head2 Vorbis
+Vorbis comments are stored as UTF-8, and are converted to the character set
+specified by the L</Charset> option.
 =head1 AUTHOR
 Copyright 2003-2011, Phil Harvey
+Copyright 2003-2021, Phil Harvey
 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 …
 L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames(3pm)|Image::ExifTool::TagNames>,
 L<Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts(3pm)|Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts>,
 L<Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl|Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl>,
+L<Image::ExifTool::Shift(3pm)|Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl>,
 L<Image::Info(3pm)|Image::Info>,
 L<Image::MetaData::JPEG(3pm)|Image::MetaData::JPEG>

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